TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.10 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SECURING A PERMIT FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
Section 550.10 General
Instructions for Securing a Permit For Access Driveways to State Highways
a) A permit is required for the construction of any new access
driveway or the revision of any existing driveway within the right-of-way along
a State highway when the work is to be done by any person or agency other than
the Department of Transportation. This permit is generally issued by the
appropriate Regional or District Office of the Department of Transportation. In
some cases where the curbing along a State highway is maintained by a
municipality, permits for driveway work may be issued by that municipality with
the State's concurrence. The Regional/District Offices will advise an
applicant of the appropriate issuing authority. In all cases where the
driveway is to a State highway, final jurisdiction concerning the permit will
remain with the Department. Illustration A lists the addresses of the Regional
and District Offices and the map indicates the jurisdictional boundaries of
those offices.
b) A driveway constructed under a permit must be done by or for
the property owner at his expense. Where a commercial driveway requires
additions to the highway facility, these must also be done at the owner's
expense. Existing driveways may be altered by the Department, at its expense,
when reconstruction or changing conditions warrant.
c) Public road or street entrances to a State highway constructed
by or for a local governmental agency do not normally require an access permit
since they are generally Motor Fuel Tax (MFT) projects which the Department has
an opportunity to review and which adequately bond the contractor. Proposed
street entrances constructed with other than MFT funds or by a subdivider,
however, must be authorized by permit. It is preferable to issue the permit to
the local governmental agency, but it can be issued to the subdivision owner.
The design of such a facility will need to meet the requirements of the
appropriate local agencies and will be reviewed by the Department as a public
road or street connection rather than a driveway.
d) The application for a permit, which may be a letter or other
form of written request, should include the location and a brief description of
the proposed work and the intended use of the driveway and be accompanied by
plans, drawings, or a sketch. The application must also include the name,
address, and phone number of the applicant and the owner of record of property
served by the entrance. Following receipt of the permit request, the
Regional/District Office will review the application to determine that the
proposed driveway construction, the location of the driveway on the property,
and the development of the property being served are in conformance with the
provisions of this policy. Plans for commercial driveways may also be reviewed
for compliance with regulations pertaining to land usage. A meeting may be
required between the applicant and a representative of the Department. When
all requirements are met, the permit forms will be prepared for processing.
e) Driveways are classified basically as noncommercial or
commercial. A permit for a residential or general noncommercial driveway
requires the least amount of time to process. However, the Department receives
a large number of such requests, and they must be processed in the order in
which they are received. The applicant should therefore not wait until he is
ready to start work to apply for a permit. A permit for a commercial driveway
requires a longer time period to process, and the request should, accordingly,
be submitted as early as possible. A driveway to a high-volume industrial, commercial,
or recreational traffic generator may require a formal agreement, which will
necessitate additional time for review by the Central Office of the Department.
f) The applicant is cautioned that proper access to his property
is a key factor to successful development, whether noncommercial or commercial,
and that access arrangements should be resolved prior to any building
construction and preferably before any building design.
g) In situations where a driveway or other related work is to be
done by the State's contractor, at the owner's expense (normally in conjunction
with an improvement along the State highway), where there is to be some
financial participation by the State in the work to be done, or where the
amount of work to be done on the State highway is extensive, a formal agreement
between the applicant and the Department will be necessary. The agreement
includes a description of the proposed work and defines the responsibilities of
the State and the applicant. This agreement must be executed by the owner of
record, the applicant (if other than the owner of record) and the Department.
In cases where an agreement is required, the construction within the State
right-of-way will be done under State contract. This contract will be let and
the construction performed in accordance with normal State contract procedures.
h) Applicants may be required to furnish a bond to insure
satisfactory completion and conformance to the permit requirements. Bonds are
required for all commercial driveways and may be required for other special
cases. The bond will be made a part of the permit and will be in an amount and
for the period specified by the Department. In lieu of individual bonds for
each permit, a blanket bond, as specified by the Department, will be
acceptable.
i) Copies of the formal permit (and bond or agreement where
necessary) will be mailed to the applicant for signing. All of these copies
must be returned to the appropriate Regional/District Office for execution on
behalf of the Department. Approved copies will be returned to the applicant. A
copy of the approved permit must be available for inspection on the job site at
all times. No work shall be undertaken on State right-of-way until the
approved copy has been received by the applicant.
 | TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.20 DEFINITIONS AND OBJECTIVES
Section 550.20 Definitions
and Objectives
a) Definition of Terms
"Areas" – An area, either incorporated or
unincorporated, is defined as Urban where it has been developed primarily for
residential and/or business purposes (Illinois Vehicle Code Ill. Rev. Stat.
1981, ch. 95½, par. 1-214.1). The speed limits will generally be 40 miles per
hour or less, the street or highway will normally be curbed, and at least 50
percent of the frontage on one side of the highway within one-half mile of the
driveway location developed with residences and/or businesses. All locations
not included under the Urban definition should be considered as Rural.
"Department" – The Illinois Department of
Transportation, usually acting through its Regional or District Engineers (See
Illustration I)
Driveway Types
"A Noncommercial Driveway" is one providing access
to a single family residence. The term shall also apply to driveways used as
access to agricultural land, including field entrances.
"A Commercial Driveway" is one providing access to
property being used other than for a single family residence or for
agricultural purposes.
"Industrial-Commercial-Recreational-High-Volume
Traffic-Generator Driveways" are those which provide access to facilities
which generate high-volume traffic, such as shopping centers, industrial parks,
athletic fields, etc.
"Flare" – The part of the driveway surface outlined
by the edge of the highway, the edge of the nominal width or through part of
the driveway, and the curved (normally) outer edge of the driveway.
"Freeway" – A highway or street designated by the
Department as a freeway in accordance with Ill. Rev. Stat. 1981, ch. 121, pars.
8-101 et seq., which includes both full and partial control facilities.
"Frontage" – The distance along the highway
right-of-way line in front of the owner's property, determined by projecting a
perpendicular line from the center line of the roadway to the corner points of
the property on the right-of-way line.
"Frontage Road" – A public street or road auxiliary
to and normally located alongside and parallel to a highway for purposes of
maintaining local road continuity and for control of access.
"Island" – A physical barrier to direct the flow of
traffic and to separate highway traffic from the activity on the adjacent
property.
"Median" – The portion of a divided highway or
divided driveway separating the traveled ways for traffic in opposite
directions.
"Permit" – The term "Permit", as used in
this policy, shall mean a Highway Permit (Form BT 1045) to allow construction
or reconstruction of a driveway in accordance with the provisions thereon,
granted by the Department in accordance with this policy. The form may also be
used for other permit work, such as backslope grading, etc.
"Right-of-Way Line" – The boundary between the land
acquired for or dedicated to highway use and adjacent property.
"Shoulder" – The portion of the highway contiguous
with the traveled way for the accommodation of stopped vehicles and for emergency
use.
"State Highway" – Any street or highway that is
part of the State highway system prescribed in Article 2 of the Illinois
Highway Code. Basically, those highways that are maintained by the State or
State routes maintained by a City under the terms of a City-State Maintenance
Agreement.
"Subdivision" – Land divided or subdivided into two
or more parcels or tracts less than five acres.
"Traffic Control Devices" – All signs, signals,
markings, and devices that conform to the Illinois Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices, placed or erected by authority of a public body or official
having jurisdiction, for the purpose of regulating, warning, or guiding
traffic.
"Turning Lane" – An auxiliary lane, including
tapered areas, primarily for the acceleration or deceleration and storage of
vehicles entering or leaving the through traffic lanes.
b) Purpose of Access Driveway Permit Procedures
1) Various sections of the Illinois Highway Code restrict persons
from working on State highways, and specifically constructing access driveways,
except under the terms of a permit issued by the Department. The intent of the
Department in issuing these permits is to provide maximum protection to the
public through the orderly control of traffic movements onto and from the
highway, to safeguard the traffic carrying capacity of the highway, to protect
the public investment in highway facilities, and to assure uniform practices
throughout the State in the design and construction of driveways. The standards
and procedures in this policy have been developed to aid in accomplishing these
goals.
2) The standards recognize the differences between noncommercial
and commercial driveways, between rural and urban areas, and between relatively
low and high traffic volume facilities. High-volume entrances need to be
designed to standards similar to those required for street intersections with
corresponding traffic.
3) In reviewing a permit request, consideration will be given to
all factors affecting the operation of the driveway and the highway. These
factors will include, but not be limited to, the location and geometrics of the
driveway, turning lane requirements, capacity of the roadway, driveway
drainage, safety and operational efficiency of the driveway as related to the
highway, and land use. Driveways should be designed to provide good service to
users of the entrance while at the same time minimizing interference to highway
traffic.
4) The standards contained in this policy were developed to
minimize the frequency and severity of potential conflicts between through
vehicles and those entering or leaving driveways. Some of the principles
considered were:
A) Reducing the speed differential between through vehicles and
those using the driveways;
B) Eliminating encroachment of turning vehicles on adjacent lanes;
C) Prohibiting use of the highway as a portion of the internal
circulation system of abutting property;
D) Providing sufficient spacing between driveways to lessen
interference with traffic from adjacent driveways;
E) Discouraging parking on streets or backing onto the highway,
except where such maneuvers clearly will not constitute a hazard or prove
detrimental to the operation of the highway;
F) Preserving or improving the integrity of the highway and
drainage facilities.
5) Construction on or adjacent to the highway roadway constitutes
a hazard to the motorist. For this reason, not only the design of the driveway
but the method and type of construction will be governed by the permit.
6) Bonds are required for various types of permits to assure the
construction is done properly and completely and that the integrity of the
highway is maintained.
c) Laws Pertaining to Entrances
The statutory provisions pertaining to the adoption and
observance of this official policy are contained in Articles 4-209, 4-210,
4-211, 4-212, 8-102, 8-103, and 9-105 of the Illinois Highway Code. These
sections are reprinted in Appendix E of this policy.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.30 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Section 550.30 General
Requirements
a) Conditions and Limitations of Permits
1) Construction of Driveways.
A) All work performed on a State highway under the terms of a
Highway Permit (Form BT 1045) is subject to the conditions on the permit itself
and all accompanying plans, drawings, sketches, or other attachments. The
Highway Permit form is illustrated in Appendix A. The permittee or his
contractor shall have a copy of the permit available at the site during
construction.
B) A single permit can be issued both for driveway work and other
work at the same location, such as backslope grading, etc., provided the work
is all to be done by the same person or contractor.
C) During the period of time the access driveway is being
constructed, care must be taken to insure the protection of workmen and
traffic. The work should be accomplished in a manner that will minimize
interference with normal highway operations. The third condition on the back
of the Highway Permit form specifies when the work may be done. All warning
signs shall be in compliance with the Illinois Manual on Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (to be codified as 92 Ill. Adm. Code 546). That manual also
contains a series of traffic control standards, copies of which may be attached
to the permit, indicating to the permittee the manner in which he must protect
and control traffic during construction operations. Special care must be taken
during the construction of driveways and development of the property to avoid
tracking mud or other material onto the highway.
2) Maintenance of Driveways. Property owners having access to a
State highway are fully responsible for the maintenance of their driveway.
This maintenance responsibility includes the removal of snow and ice and
keeping the portion of the driveway within the highway right-of-way in a safe
condition for the general public. Where the owner of a commercial or
industrial property is required to construct turning lanes on the State
highway, the Department may in the interest of public convenience provide
maintenance and remove snow and ice on the portions of those lanes constituting
an integral part of the highway. Once a culvert is properly installed under a
permit, it becomes public property in accordance with Article 9-105 of the
Illinois Highway Code and will henceforth be maintained by the Department.
3) Future Additional Driveways. In preparing a permit for
driveways to a large property that is to be developed commercially or
subdivided, it may be necessary to assure that the driveway arrangement will
not subsequently be altered, as parcels of the original property may be sold to
other owners. To accomplish this, a document, illustrated in Appendix D, may be
executed and filed in the county recorder's office. Access to any individual
parcels subsequently established will need to be by means of internal
circulation, and the integrity of the driveway layout along the State highway
will be maintained.
4) Temporary Driveways. Permits may be issued for the
construction and operation of driveways for a specific period of time. Such
permits will clearly indicate that the driveways are temporary and are to be
removed by the holder of the permit at the end of the specified time period. A
bond will be required to assure the proper removal of the driveways and
restoration of the highway right-of-way.
5) Driveways along Freeways.
A) The designation of an existing highway as a freeway in
accordance with Article 8 of the Illinois Highway Code has, in the past,
brought about special problems in connection with the issuance of driveway
permits subsequent to the date of the freeway order. This is particularly true
where the physical conversion of the highway is delayed for some period of time
after the designation order.
B) When a permit request is received for a driveway to an existing
highway that has been declared a freeway, the Department will take one of the
following courses of action.
i) The Regional/District Office may elect to acquire access
rights to the property for which the driveway permit has been requested,
consistent with the eventual plans for converting the highway to a complete or
partial access-controlled facility.
ii) The Regional/District Office may initiate action to have the
Freeway Order revised or rescinded in such a manner that the requested driveway
is no longer to a designated freeway. This will normally be done when an
Interstate or supplemental freeway has been constructed parallel to an existing
highway previously designated. A standard driveway permit may then be issued
in accordance with the provisions of this policy.
iii) The Regional/District Office may not be in position to
acquire access rights or wish to revise the Freeway Order. In that case, a
normal permit will be issued even though such driveway may subsequently need to
be eliminated (by purchasing the property's access rights) or revised to come
onto a frontage road or service drive.
C) At those locations where there is an existing State-maintained
frontage road, the same policies relating to location and construction shall
govern the issuance of permits for access to the frontage road as outlined for
other access to State highways.
D) Where no frontage road has been constructed, no part of a
driveway entering a crossroad or street that intersects the freeway at grade
shall be closer to the near edge of the through-traffic lane of the freeway
than 100 feet for noncommercial driveways or 200 feet for commercial driveways.
These minimum distances shall be measured at right angles to the highway
pavement.
E) Where access rights have been acquired, driveway permits cannot
generally be issued. Under certain circumstances, permits can be granted for
new roads or streets that will become dedicated public roads or streets.
Requests for revisions in access control after the construction of a freeway
has been completed should be submitted to the Bureau of Traffic, together with
adequate information to review the request. The information will be forwarded
to the Federal Highway Administration for their approval of a change in the
Access Control Plan. Permits for such connections will be transmitted by the
Bureau of the Traffic to the Director of the Division of Highways for
execution.
F) Requests for such connections must meet the following
conditions.
i) Permit applications must be presented by and issued in the
name of the local public agency that is to be responsible for the maintenance
of the facility upon its construction.
ii) Evidence should be presented that the proposed public road
will become an integral part of an existing or definitely planned public road
system, rather than merely becoming a provision for internal circulation within
a particular piece of property.
G) Connections will be subject to the spacing restrictions
established for median crossovers, as outlined in Section 3-110.06 of the
Department's Design Manual. Where the connection is to a highway with an
existing median, it should be at an existing or preplanned opening.
b) Site Requirements
1) To properly review a permit request, the Department must be
provided a plan, drawing, or sketch of the property or site that is served by
the driveway. This may vary from a simple sketch in the case of a residential
driveway to a site plan and a survey plat for a high-volume traffic generating
commercial development. The Regional/District Office handling the permit may
specify the extent and detail of the information needed.
2) In general, the plans for commercial driveways should provide
the following information.
A) Existing Conditions: Width of pavement and right-of-way; storm
drainage layout (the layout should be extended outside the site area in order
to show the relationship of the proposed work to the existing drainage
facilities); existing curb, sidewalk, shoulders, and ditches; location of
utility poles, street lights, traffic signals, hydrants, and trees; location of
underground mains and cables; right-of-way and property lines.
B) Proposed Work: Geometrics of driveways, street returns, pavement
widening and parking layouts; profile of driveway grades; lateral and
longitudinal location of proposed mains and sewers; detailed internal site plan
showing parking, buildings, and drainage; material specifications, such as
size, thickness, diameter, weight, gauge, type, class, etc., of proposed work.
3) In some cases, Department personnel may need to meet with
representatives of the developer to discuss the internal development of the
property and the relationship of the development to the highway facility, as
well as the layout and details of the entrances themselves. Most commercial
driveway design elements are directly related to the layout of the parking
area, amount of vehicle reservoir space (for drive-in service facilities), type
of loading facilities, circulation pattern, and the size and placement of the
buildings within the site.
4) Perhaps the single most important factor in developing an
access plan for a commercial site is a determination of the potential traffic
generation. Driveways serving commercial, industrial, and high density
residential developments represent an important element in the efficiency and
safety of the street or highway onto which their traffic enters and exits. In
order to properly handle traffic from such entrances, the anticipated traffic
volumes must be determined and may be required to be submitted to the
Department for review, along with the other documents comprising the permit
request. The Institute of Traffic Engineer's "Guidelines for Driveway Design
and Location" listed in the bibliography contains a section on traffic
generation and includes a table of traffic generation rates.
5) With anticipated traffic volumes available, other critical
factors may be analyzed, such as the number of entrances, the size of the
parking area, the length of storage lanes for traffic entering and leaving the
development, and the internal traffic circulation pattern.
6) As a general rule, a ratio of 5.5 parking spaces per 1,000
square feet of gross leasable area is recommended. The parking area of a
commercial development must be controlled to reduce interference with traffic
using the driveways. A sufficient length of curb must be extended along
driveways into larger lots to prohibit interference between vehicles circulating
within the lot and those leaving or entering the highway. The length of this
section will be determined from the largest storage required for the
anticipated vehicular volumes. A center median in the access roadway may be
required to preserve this storage length.
7) If a commercial development includes office spaces, the exit
facility should be designed to accommodate this addition to the peak hour flow.
Internal circulation for subdivisions shall be directed to one or more central
common entrances, depending upon the volumes. These entrances shall be
designed in accordance with the current requirements for intersection design.
Direct access from single lots of a new subdivision to a State highway will not
be allowed. The access agreement described in Section 550.30(a)(3)
(illustrated in Appendix D) may be used to assure future compliance with this
requirement.
8) The location of driveways, particularly commercial ones, is a
critical factor in minimizing the hazard and disruption to traffic and
pedestrians. Sites must be developed to permit driveways to be well located.
The various requirements for proper location are covered in Section 550.50(a).
9) Adequate storage must be provided on commercial sites so that
vehicles do not wait on the highway. This problem is most evident with
drive-in service developments that generate high volumes and require drivers to
remain in their vehicles while being served or until service begins. Such
operations must be carefully analyzed to assure the proposal provides for
proper storage. The layout of a site used as a car wash, drive-in bank or
theater, etc., must provide that all waiting vehicles are off the right-of-way.
10) Adequate storage space is a function of the demand volume,
service time per facility, and the number of service facilities available. The
geometrics of the internal circulation control a portion of the service time.
The service time is dependent upon the time required to maneuver into position
and the time necessary to obtain the service. The radii of internal curves
should be as large as possible. An approach lane width of 11 to 12 feet and
traffic patterns as straight as possible should be provided in advance of each
area. The lane widths may be reduced to 8.5 to 9 feet at the point of
service. The positioning of the service facilities so that maneuvers to the
exit driveway are reduced will maximize the use of storage area.
11) For drive-in theaters, a storage area between the ticket
booths and the highway shoulders should be provided for an equivalent of 10
percent of the rated vehicle capacity of the theater. This storage area should
be determined on a basis of 150 square feet per vehicle.
12) Studies have indicated the space requirements for storage at
drive-in banks should be based on serving an average of 40 vehicles per hour
per window. Automatic car washes having a multibay design generally require
storage reservoirs of 50 feet or greater in length for each bay. For
single-lane drive-through car washes, storage to accommodate a minimum of 12
cars should be provided. These minimum requirements are provided for general
guidance only, and specific storage areas must be determined on an individual
basis.
13) Applicants for permits to drive-in service developments will
be required to furnish the following data, in addition to other necessary
information.
A) Traffic flow pattern for the facility and, if included, of the
service station operation.
B) The total number of off-street storage spaces for the
operation.
C) Information regarding the type of equipment, including the
expected hourly output.
D) The number of service operations anticipated during peak
periods.
E) The hours and days of operation.
14) The site must be developed in such a manner that there are no
encroachments of commercial activities or of the parking lot onto the highway
right-of-way. Signs cannot be placed on or overhang the right-of-way.
15) The site of a service station shall be laid out to provide
that the minimum distance from the right-of-way line to the near edge of the
pump island shall be 13 feet at the closest point. A greater distance is
recommended to permit freer movement of large vehicles and to insure they are
entirely off the street or highway right-of-way while being serviced, as
required by Article 9-113.1 of the Illinois Highway Code.
16) Commercial sites must be laid out to create the minimum amount
of hazard to passing traffic. As an example, the position of the screen of a
drive-in theater should be such that the picture is not visible from the
highway.
17) Junk yards or scrap-processing facilities must be properly
screened or fenced before an access permit will be issued for a property with
such an operation. Land fill operations and similar activities must be
conducted in such a manner as to avoid tracking or spilling material on the
highway.
18) Where property is being developed by an owner on both sides of
a State highway, consideration must be given to pedestrian crossings. A
pedestrian overpass may be necessary if the volume of crossing is such that it
impedes the flow of vehicular traffic. Such a facility may be erected at the
property owner's expense under the terms of a permit issued by the Department.
c) Local Regulations
1) Permit requests should be reviewed for conformance to existing
land use and zoning plans. The local planning and zoning agencies will
normally be provided an opportunity to comment on commercial driveway
applications. The applicant, however, is responsible for insuring compliance
with local building codes, setback requirements, minimum lot sizes, density of
building, provision for adequate parking, and other ordinances and
regulations. Permits will not be granted for entrances if local planning and
zoning agencies indicate that the development does not conform to their land
use and zoning plans.
2) Permits issued by the Department cover the construction of
driveways on the right-of-way and do not release the applicant from compliance
with regulations of local authorities. The requirements of the planning and
zoning boards and local ordinances are not altered by the issuance of a permit
by the Department, and the applicant is not relieved from obtaining the
required local approvals and permits.
d) Bonds
1) To protect the Department against the cost of completing
construction or correcting deficiencies, a bond in an amount and for a period
specified by the Department shall be executed and become a part of a permit
issued for access facilities serving a commercial property. Under certain
conditions, a bond may also be required for access facilities to be used for
other purposes. Either an individual bond for a specific permit or a blanket
bond covering all permits issued to a person or firm throughout the State may
be used. The bonds may be obtained from any surety company licensed in
Illinois.
2) Form BT 1046, Individual Highway Permit Bond, which is
illustrated in Appendix B, will be used for individual bonds. The amount of
the bond is dependent upon the amount of work to be done within the highway
right-of-way. Such bonds will generally be kept in effect a minimum period of
five years. They will be executed in the Regional/District Offices, and those
offices will determine the amount and duration of the bond after reviewing the
plans.
3) The Blanket Bond for Highway Access Permits form, illustrated
in Appendix C, will be used for blanket bonds. They will be in an amount
determined by the Department based on the number of permits anticipated to be issued
annually to the applicant. The minimum amount will be $10,000, and the maximum
will normally not exceed $50,000. They will be kept in effect permanently and
the amount raised if the volume of permits issued increases sufficiently above
the anticipated number. A rider form will be provided upon request which, when
executed, will cancel individual bonds issued previous to the approval of the
blanket bond. The issuance of blanket bonds for driveway permits will be
handled in the Bureau of Traffic Central Office in Springfield.
e) Agreements
1) In cases where a driveway or other related work is to be done
by the State's contractor, at the owner's expense (normally in conjunction with
an improvement along the State highway), where there is to be some financial
participation by the State in the work to be done, or where the amount of work
to be done on the State highway is extensive, a formal agreement between the
applicant and the Department will be necessary. The agreements will include
the following information.
A) The location description of the work to be done.
B) Who will make the surveys and prepare plans (usually the State
at the developer's expense; however, where the property owner wishes to
expedite plan preparation, plans and specifications prepared by a consulting
engineer and approved by the Department may be considered satisfactory).
C) Who will furnish the construction engineering (usually the
State at the developer's expense).
D) How the construction costs will be paid and the amount (usually
by the State with reimbursement by the developer in the form of a certified
check).
E) Who will maintain the facilities.
F) A clause that no advertising signs or other encroachments will
be permitted on the right-of-way.
G) Details pertaining to any dedication or purchase of right-of-way.
2) Major commercial developments often involve a variety of
special access requirements, and each agreement must therefore be individually
developed and tailored to fit the particular situation. The Regional/District
Office will draft the agreement after discussing the details with the
developer. The draft, together with appropriate plans and other pertinent
information, will be forwarded to the Engineer of Traffic in Springfield. The
draft and plans will be reviewed by various Central Bureaus and returned to the
Regional/District Office with their comments. The agreement may then be
finalized, executed by the developer, and forwarded again to the Engineer of
Traffic for execution by the Department. The proposed work may then be
scheduled on a Department letting.
3) Construction inspection for contracts let by the Department
will normally be accomplished under the control of Regional/District
Construction personnel. Costs of construction engineering are the
responsibility of the applicant, and this engineering can be done, at the
discretion of the Regional/District Engineer, by a consultant who works under
the supervision of a Resident Engineer assigned by the Department.
4) Highway permits may be issued by the Regional/District
Engineer in cases where there will also be an agreement, in order to provide a
record of the driveways constructed under the agreement. However, if all work
done within the right-of-way is performed under a contract let by the
Department, the normal requirement for a permit may, at the discretion of the
Regional/District Engineer, be suspended.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.40 HIGHWAY CONSIDERATIONS
Section 550.40 Highway
Considerations
a) Turning Lanes
1) Turning lanes for either right or left turns into a commercial
driveway may be necessary for capacity purposes when there are high roadway
and/or turning volumes or for safety when the roadway speeds are moderate or
high. The entry movement to a series of driveways serving interconnected or
common parking areas tends to be heavily concentrated at the first driveway in
the series. Turning lanes may therefore be needed only at the first one or two
driveways serving a given approach to a major facility. The final
determination concerning the need for such facilities will rest with the
Department.
2) Turning lanes consist of a taper and a full width auxiliary
lane. The design of the lanes is based primarily on the speed at which drivers
will turn into the lane, the speed to which drivers must reduce in order to
turn around the driveway radii after traversing the deceleration lane, and the
amount of vehicular storage that will be required. Other special
considerations are the volume of trucks that will use the turning lane and the
steepness of an ascending or descending grade.
3) The cost of providing turning lanes for other than a public
road is the responsibility of the property owner. The lanes must be
constructed in accordance with State standards and specifications. Where the
width of the highway right-of-way is insufficient to permit the construction of
a needed turning lane, the property owner shall provide any necessary
additional right-of-way to the Department. Right-turning lanes should generally
be constructed entirely within the frontage of the property being served, since
an adjacent owner might subsequently require an entrance that would otherwise
come into the turning lane. On an undivided highway or a divided highway with
a median width inadequate for a left-turn lane, the applicant may be required,
if a left-turn lane is necessary, to widen the highway in order to provide for
the turning lane. Illustration 8 depicts a typical left-turn lane on a
two-lane highway. The need for, and location of, turning lanes will affect the
location of the entrances, which is covered in further detail in Section
550.50(a)(1). The construction of turning lanes may necessitate a formal
agreement (Section 550.30(e)(1)).
b) Median Crossovers
1) Where a divided highway has been constructed with a median,
crossovers in the median for new driveways will not be permitted where there
are frequent openings for intersections with local streets that form a street
network. Left-turn access into the property may therefore need to be by use of
entrances to side streets adjacent to the property or a frontage road.
2) The layout of entrances to a large development should be done
in such a manner as to take advantage of existing or preplanned median
crossovers. In such cases, the construction of left-turn lanes must be
considered.
3) Median crossovers along modified access-controlled highways
(expressways) must be located in accordance with Section 3-110.06 of the
Department's Design Manual. These requirements should also be used for divided
nonfreeways insofar as practical.
c) Shoulders
1) The roadway shoulders adjacent to driveways constructed under
permit shall be reconstructed to match the shoulders in the immediate area.
Where more than one surfaced commercial entrance is being constructed the
Regional/District Office issuing the permit may allow or require the shoulder
area between the entrances to also be surfaced. In order to establish
well-defined traffic flow patterns, curbing may be allowed or required at the
edge of the shoulder.
2) The shoulder in the area of the driveway shall not be used as
an auxiliary lane. The property owner shall assist in prohibiting the parking
or commercial use of the roadway shoulder or right-of-way.
d) Lighting
1) Lighting commercial driveways used extensively after dark may
be helpful to assist motorists in easily locating the entrances. Such lighting
must be erected on private property unless the driveway permit specifically
provides for units to be located on the right-of-way.
2) Lights on commercial premises should not constitute a nuisance
to passing motorists. Such lights must not be similar to traffic control
devices (i.e., signals or flashing beacons). No flashing, oscillating, or
rotating lights visible from any public highway may be placed on any building
or structure within 200 feet of the highway (Illinois Highway Code, par.
9-112.2). No signs may have lights that are not effectively shielded so as to
prevent light rays from causing glare or impairing the vision of motorists.
3) In the case of some major commercial developments, it may be
determined necessary to have the developer place highway or street lighting
units to illuminate a part of the highway facility. Provisions for such lighting
may be included in the permit and/or agreement. The units must meet standards
and specifications approved by the Department.
e) Traffic Controls
1) Short-duration high-volume traffic generated by an industrial
or commercial facility (such as a drive-in theater) may require special
traffic control at an entrance to a State highway. Either deputized officers
(uniformed off-duty policemen or security guards) on the highway or other
personnel off the highway may be needed to regulate traffic during such times.
Traffic on the highway may be directed only by a deputized officer. He shall
not unduly delay traffic on the highway, and frequent breaks in traffic from
the industrial or commercial facility shall be made for the benefit of through
traffic. Such operation will be under the general supervision of the
appropriate police agency, which will take suitable action to protect the
rights of through traffic.
2) It may be desirable where short-duration high-volume traffic
exists to utilize an appropriate warning sign with an 8-inch amber flashing
light mounted above the sign. Such flashing lights may be activated only
during the times when the high traffic volumes would be entering or leaving the
site. Flashing lights have also been used above warning signs where an
industrial area periodically creates smoke or a fog-like condition that
constitutes a hazard to traffic. Flashing lights may be installed only when
determined necessary by the Regional/District Office. The installation may
either be done by the State, at the expense of the property owner, or by a
private contractor under the conditions of a permit.
3) Some large traffic generators, such as shopping centers and
industrial or institutional parking lots, may for certain hours of the day
generate traffic volumes that substantially exceed the minimum hourly volume
requirements for the installation of traffic signals. In order to adequately
handle these short-duration peak traffic volumes, traffic signals may be
installed at locations on State highways satisfying the warrants for
commercial-industrial signals prescribed in the Illinois Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices to be codified as 92 Ill. Adm. Code 546, subject to the
following provisions:
A) Agreements and Permits
i) Agreements – An agreement will normally be required between
the Department and a local or private agency only when there is to be some
financial participation by the State in some highway improvements to be done in
conjunction with the installation of signals or when the State will be
maintaining the signals, with reimbursement by the local or private agency.
ii) Permits – When an agreement is not required, a permit may be
issued by the Department for the installation and maintenance of
commercial-industrial signals. Within the corporate limits of a municipality,
the permits are generally issued to the municipality upon a request in the form
of a resolution. Outside a municipality, such permits may be issued directly to
the private agency.
B) Financial Responsibility
The entire cost for the installation, modernization,
maintenance, and energy charges of the signals shall be the responsibility of
the local or private agency. Motor Fuel Tax funds may not be used for these
items. The agreement or permit shall provide that the Department shall not be
held liable for accidents or damages sustained in connection with the operation
of the signals. The Department may require the removal of the signals for any
sufficient reason upon 30 days' notice in writing. Improper use, lack of
enforcement, failure to maintain or defray maintenance costs, failure to
modernize the signals when required, or a significant reduction in traffic
volumes shall be considered as sufficient reason to require removal. The
signals shall be maintained either by the Department with full reimbursement,
by the local or private agency, or by a municipality that is capable of proper
traffic signal maintenance.
C) Design and Operation
The design and operation of commercial-industrial signals
shall conform to the requirements set forth in the Illinois Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.
4) If determined necessary by the Regional/District Offices,
other traffic control devices, such as regulatory or warning signs,
delineators, pavement markings, etc., may be required to be installed at the
expense of a commercial developer. All such devices shall be in accordance
with the Illinois Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices to be codified as
92 Ill. Adm. Code 546.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.50 DRIVEWAY DESIGN
Section 550.50 Driveway
Design
a) Location
1) A driveway or system of driveways must be located so as to
provide:
A) The most favorable vision, grade, and alignment conditions for
motorists using the proposed driveway and the highway;
B) No undue interference with the free and safe movement of
highway traffic;
C) Maximum safety and convenience for pedestrians and other users
of highway rights-of-way.
2) In the interest of public safety and convenience, the
Department may restrict the placement of a driveway to a particular location
along the owner's frontage. Driveways will not generally be permitted along
acceleration or deceleration lanes or lane tapers. Proposed driveways near
bridges must be critically reviewed to assure that adequate sight distance is
available.
3) Driveways should be located so that sufficient sight distance
is available to enable vehicles entering the highways to determine when gaps in
the traffic stream are sufficient to permit the following maneuvers. Driveways
should be located to enable vehicles entering the highway:
A) Upon turning left or right, to accelerate to the operating
speed of the highway without causing approaching vehicles to reduce speed by
more than approximately 10 miles per hour; and
B) Upon turning left, to clear the near half of the street without
conflicting with vehicles approaching from the left.
4) Normally, only one driveway will be permitted for each
residential property and two for an average commercial property. Where the
single residential driveway is along a high-speed highway, the property owner
is strongly urged to provide facilities on his property to permit cars to turn
around and avoid backing onto the highway. Where the need for additional
entrances can be substantiated operationally and adequate frontage exists, the
Department may grant permission for additional driveways. A minimum distance
of at least 440 feet, and preferably 660 feet, will be required between the
center lines of entrances into shopping centers and similar developments that
generate high traffic volumes. However, service drives into such centers not
used by the general public may be closer than 440 feet as long as they will not
encroach on turning lanes. This minimum distance does not apply to entrances
into service stations where the entrance does not provide easy access to the
abutting development. This minimum distance between major entrances is also
desirable between such entrances and the nearest public road intersecting the
State highway. Circulation between driveways servicing a single property must
be accomplished within the property, on a frontage road, or by means of other
facilities permitting circulation off the through lanes of the State highway.
5) Various minimum distances must be provided between driveways
and property lines, intersecting public roads, and other driveways.
Noncommercial, Commercial, and Industrial-Commercial-Recreational Driveways are
contained in Sections 550.60, 550.70, and 550.80, respectively.
6) Existing or proposed highway features, such as median
openings, turning lanes, intersections, drainage and traffic signals, should be
considered in determining the locations of driveways. These items are
discussed in Section 550.40.
b) Layout
1) The width, angle, radii of flares, and other geometric
features of the driveways and islands should permit vehicles to enter and exit
with a minimum of interference to through traffic. Interference caused by an
access point can be measured by the delay incurred by motorists in the through
lanes who are forced to reduce their speed due to the turning vehicles using
the driveway.
2) The widths of driveways will be based primarily on the speeds
and volumes of traffic on the highway and the types and volumes of vehicles
using the driveway. The effective width will also vary with the angle of the
driveway. The driveway width should be restrictive enough to discourage
parallel entry into the traffic stream and other maneuvers that would cause
visibility restrictions or other conflicts. Driveways of excessive width or
with large open areas offer poor protection to pedestrians, as well as promote
haphazard parking and circulation. On the other hand, entrances must be wide
enough so that no vehicular conflicts occur in the driveway or on the roadway.
Commercial driveways that are to provide for two way traffic must be wide
enough to accommodate two lanes without conflict. The width of an entrance
will be measured at right angles to the center line of the driveway and will be
exclusive of the flare. The width will be considered edge to edge of pavement,
except where a monolithic curb is used, in which case the width will be face to
face of curbs.
3) Multiple driveway openings shall be separated by an island
area. Where the island is less than 25 feet long or 10 feet wide, it should be
outlined by curbing in a curbed section or by concrete curbs, masonry, or other
devices between the edge of shoulder and right-of-way line in an uncurbed
section.
4) The radii of the flares for a driveway shall be selected after
considering the proposed volumes, the driveway angle, width of the drive, type
of land use to be served, whether parking is allowed along the curb, and the
volume and character of the through and driveway traffic. The radius provided
must be compatible with the speeds acceptable to the drivers and the level of
service desired on the through roadway. Radii in angles less than 90 degrees
will generally be in the lower part (minimum) of the range given in this
policy. Radii in angles over 90 degrees will be toward the upper (maximum)
limit. Along a high-speed highway, the flare for traffic leaving the highway
may need to be greater than for traffic entering onto the highway.
5) While the outside edge of a flare is generally curved around a
radius point, a straight edge may be acceptable. Such triangular flares may be
desired where the distance between the edge of the highway and the sidewalk or
right-of-way is small and only the minimum radius could be used. Such flares
may also be desirable to simplify construction. Flares will increase the
surfaced area since they should start at the beginning of the normal curved
flare along the highway to the point where the curve would end along the edge
of the driveway.
6) The selection of the return radius for a facility with a large
percentage of truck traffic will require special consideration of the
geometrics. The flare used to connect the driveway to the roadway should
normally fall within the right-of-way. However, it may be permitted to go
outside the right-of-way if raised curbing extends into the private property.
The use of three centered curves or other compound curves and/or islands may be
necessary to accommodate proposed truck movements. All flares used at
commercial developments in urban areas should be defined with concrete curbs
from the curb line to at least the right-of-way, except across sidewalks.
Additional curb may be necessary as determined by the Department to provide
adequate storage for the anticipated volumes. The layout of driveways to fire
stations may be altered from these requirements as necessary to accommodate
these special vehicles.
7) The specific requirements pertaining to the layout of
Residential, Commercial, and Industrial-Commercial-Recreational Driveways are
contained in Sections 550.60, 550.70, and 550.80, respectively.
c) Grades
1) All driveways constructed in rural locations shall have a
grade that slopes away from the highway surface at a rate equal to the slope of
the shoulder but not less than 3/16 inch nor greater than
1 inch per foot. This slope shall continue for a distance equal to the prevailing
shoulder width. Beyond the shoulder, the grade of rural driveways within the
right-of-way should not exceed 10 percent for commercial driveways and 12
percent for noncommercial. The slopes of all drives constructed in urban
locations shall be compatible with the provisions for drainage of the existing
designed cross section but should not exceed 6 and 8 percent, respectively, for
commercial and noncommercial driveways. The grades used shall permit
facilities that will accommodate the flow of the drainage in the vicinity of
the driveway, and should be designed so that future widening would not require
reconstruction of the intersection. Such facilities shall be the
responsibility of the applicant and are discussed further in subsection (e) of this
Section.
2) Where a sidewalk is located close to the curb line and the
driveway opening is to be provided across a depressed or cut curb, the sidewalk
should be removed and replaced with driveway pavement and be warped to conform
to the driveway profile. One or both edges of the sidewalk may be depressed
across the driveway, provided the resulting sidewalk cross slope does not
exceed ½ inch per foot. In some cases, it may be necessary to discontinue the
sidewalk across the driveway and to construct a curb along each driveway edge.
However, curbed driveways must meet the necessary requirements established to
allow for wheelchairs.
3) Where curbs are cut for the construction of driveways, the
entire curb and gutter section must be removed. The removal of only the raised
portion of the curb and paving over the broken section will not be allowed.
Cut curb ends shall be tapered from full height to ground level in a distance
of approximately 2 feet. Where drainage is carried along the curb, the
driveway shall be constructed with a short upgrade to prevent runoff from
spilling into private property and the flowline of the gutter through the
driveway shall be restored.
d) Cross Section and Material
1) Driveways must be surfaced and well maintained to ensure that
the original profile is retained, that operational speeds are not reduced by
pot holes or rough surfaces, and that no damage to or deterioration of the
highway pavement is caused by the condition of the driveway. All driveways
shall be surfaced from the roadway edge to the right-of-way line. Unsuitable
material must be removed and replaced with the proper base material. The type
of material and thickness will be specified in the permit and will depend
primarily on the intended use of the driveway, as well as the proposed volume
and types of vehicles using the entrance.
2) Noncommercial rural driveways will be required, as a minimum,
to be surfaced with a specified thickness of gravel or crushed stone. In some
urban areas, a bituminous or concrete surface may be specified for
noncommercial drives. Commercial driveways will generally be required to have
a bituminous or portland cement concrete surface on an approved base material.
3) The shoulder area between driveways may also be required to be
surfaced as outlined in Section 550.40(c).
e) Drainage
1) Driveways must be constructed so that they do not adversely
affect the highway drainage of the adjacent property. The drainage and the
stability of the highway subgrade must not be impaired by driveway construction
or roadside development. In no case may the construction of a driveway cause
water to flow across the highway pavement, or to pond on the shoulders or in
the ditch, or result in erosion within the right-of-way.
2) Drainage collected by ditches, gutters, or pipes on private
property shall not be discharged into the highway drainage system unless
expressly approved by the Department. The permittee may be required to submit
a drainage study to the Department justifying the drainage system proposed and
the pipe or sewer sizes to be used. Natural drainage laws and practices must
be observed.
3) Where the construction of a driveway necessitates crossing a
highway ditch, a culvert pipe shall be installed in the ditch by the permittee.
The low point of the driveway profile shall be at or close to the ditch line.
Under no circumstances will existing ditches or gutters be filled without
adequate alternate provisions for drainage being made.
4) Culvert pipe shall be of a size adequate to carry the anticipated
flow in the ditch as determined by the Department and shall not be smaller than
15 inches inside diameter.
5) The structural material and gauge of the driveway culvert pipe
shall be adequate to withstand the loads from the anticipated vehicular traffic
across the driveway. The culvert shall meet the requirements of the Illinois
Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction. The length of the
culvert may be determined as the sum of the width of the driveway (surfaced
width and shoulder) at the ditch line and the length needed to accommodate a
sideslope of at least 1 vertical to 2 horizontal from the driveway grade to the
ditch, with a minimum length of 22 feet regardless of ditch depth. Along
sections of highway on which some end treatment of entrance culverts was
provided on original construction or by reconstruction, culverts installed
under permit shall have the same or similar end treatment as specified by the
Department. Permit applicants may install such end treatment on any road
section at their option in lieu of equivalent culvert length.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.60 NONCOMMERCIAL DRIVEWAY REQUIREMENTS (ILLUSTRATIONS C AND D)
Section 550.60 Noncommercial
Driveway Requirements (Illustrations C and D)
a) Width of Drive. All noncommercial driveways shall have a
width between the minimum of 12 feet and the maximum of 24 feet. This width
shall be measured at right angles to the center line of the driveway. The
width may be increased by permissible radii to allow for smooth ingress and
egress at the highway connection. Where a driveway is to be used by large farm
equipment, a width of 20 feet should be considered. Although such arrangements
are discouraged, permits may be issued for common residential entrances to
serve adjacent properties. These entrances shall be centered on the property
line and shall not exceed the 24-foot maximum width. The permit will be issued
jointly to the two owners and must be executed by both owners.
b) Radius of Flare. The flare used to connect the driveway to
the roadway shall normally fall entirely within the right-of-way. The radii
for noncommercial entrances should be between 10 and 30 feet in rural areas and
5 to 15 feet in urban areas. In cases where the right-of-way is narrow,
traffic volumes are large, or speeds are high, radii outside these ranges may
be permitted to allow for efficient use of the driveway.
c) Angular Placement. The driveway center line should generally
be at a right angle to the pavement edge and follow this angle from the roadway
to the right-of-way line or, in rural areas, to a distance of 40 feet from the
edge of pavement, whichever is less. If the size and shape of the property are
such that the driveway must be at an angle to the pavement, this angle should
be parallel to the property line. However, no driveway shall be placed that
will have a center line angle measured from the roadway less than 45 degrees in
urban locations or less than 60 degrees in rural locations.
d) Location. No part of a driveway, including the flare, should
encroach on the frontage of the adjacent property. Where the driveway services
a corner property, a minimum distance shall be maintained to the public road
intersecting the highway. This distance shall be measured parallel to the edge
of pavement or curb of the highway from the edge of the intersecting road to
the beginning of the driveway flare. For rural locations, this distance shall
be a minimum of 50 feet, and for urban locations, this distance shall be
sufficient to allow a 5-foot section of undisturbed curb length. In both rural
and urban areas, no part of the driveway, including the flare, may be closer
than 5 feet to the extension of the near right-of-way line of the intersecting
road.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.70 COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAY REQUIREMENTS (ILLUSTRATIONS E AND F)
Section 550.70 Commercial
Driveway Requirements (Illustrations E and F)
a) Width of Drive. All commercial driveways shall be limited to
a maximum width of 35 feet measured at right angles to the center line of the
drive, exclusive of flares. The width may be increased by permissible radii to
allow for smooth ingress and egress at the highway connection. The maximum
permissible width for rural locations shall be 60 feet measured along a line 6
feet from and parallel to the roadway edge. For urban locations, the maximum
width shall be 85 feet measured at the face of the curb.
b) Radius of Flare. The flare used to connect the driveway to
the roadway shall normally fall entirely within the right-of-way. It may be
permitted to go outside the right-of-way if raised curbing extends into the
private property. In rural locations, the radii shall be between 10 and 40
feet, while in urban cases they shall be between 10 and 25 feet. In special
cases, after consideration of the right-of-way width, proposed volumes, types
of vehicles, speeds on the roadway, and parking regulations, radii outside
these ranges may be permitted to allow for the efficient use of the driveway.
The geometrics necessary for smooth operation of the driveway may require the
use of modified radii flares or three-center curves with or without island.
c) Angular Placement. The center line of a single driveway that
services a commercial property should generally be at a right angle to the
roadway or parallel to the property line. The angle of the center line with
the roadway may be reduced to 60 degrees for two-way driveways or 45 degrees
for multiple entrances where the driveways will be used for one-way traffic.
Angled driveways may be allowed for high-speed roadways and/or large volume
movements.
d) Location.
1) Sufficient distance must be maintained between the property
line and the edge of the driveway to allow for the construction of an adequate
island between drives should the adjacent property owner desire to build an
entrance. In rural locations, this distance shall be measured along a line 6
feet from and parallel to the roadway edge and should be a minimum of 5 feet.
In urban situations, a curb length of not less than 3 feet shall be left
undisturbed adjacent to each property line.
2) All commercial driveways shall be located to provide a
specified minimum distance from the intersecting public roads. This distance
shall be measured along a line parallel to but not greater than 5 feet from the
pavement edge. For rural locations, the minimum distance between the beginning
of the flare and the edge of the intersecting road shall be 50 feet. At urban
locations, the beginning of the flare must be at least 5 feet from the
extension of the near right-of-way line of the intersecting road. In no case
shall the distance between the point at which the edge of the driveway
intersects the pavement edge and the line of the through traffic lane extended
be greater than 5 feet. Where a separate right-turn lane is provided, no part
of the lane taper shall encroach on the highway flare.
e) Islands. Where a commercial establishment is serviced by more
than one driveway, an island separator shall be provided and maintained between
drives. The back edge of this island measured along the right-of-way line
should have a minimum length of 10 feet for rural and 6 feet for urban
locations. The island width 6 feet from the edge of the highway must also meet
these minimums. Where the island is less than 25 feet long or less than 10 feet
in width, its shape shall be defined by the use of concrete curb, masonry, or
other devices to restrict the path of vehicles using the driveways.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.80 INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL-RECREATIONAL HIGH-VOLUME TRAFFIC GENERATOR DRIVEWAY REQUIREMENTS (ILLUSTRATION G)
Section 550.80
Industrial-Commercial-Recreational High-Volume Traffic Generator Driveway
Requirements (Illustration G)
a) This category is for industrial or commercial complexes that
generate high-volume traffic, such as shopping centers, office buildings,
apartment or residential complexes, and also includes recreational facilities,
such as racetracks, athletic parks, and drive-in theaters.
b) It is difficult to establish standards for these types of
driveways because of the uniqueness of each one and the critical effect each
may have on the operation of the highway onto which the driveway is to be
constructed. They should meet the standards for public road intersections with
corresponding traffic, although each such entrance will need to be individually
designed.
c) It is recommended that a preliminary meeting between the
developer and the Department be held to discuss entrance location prior to the
final arrangement of buildings, internal driveways, and parking facilities
within the entire development.
d) The permit request must be accompanied with the final site
layout and other information necessary to review the proposed entrances.
Traffic and drainage studies may also be needed.
e) The following general requirements will pertain to these types
of driveways.
1) Width of Drive. A driveway for these types of developments
may have a maximum width of 35 feet when undivided or may consist of two
24-foot drives, one for entering and one for exiting traffic, divided by a
median. The entrance to the development shall be designed to avoid backing up
traffic on the highway so that traffic waiting to enter into the facility
blocks through traffic. The number of lanes exiting from the development and
turning in one direction shall not exceed the number of available traffic lanes
on the highway in that direction. For example, if the exit is on a two-lane
two-way pavement, no more than one lane will be allowed to exit at the same
time in each direction.
2) Radius of Flare. The flare used to connect the driveway to
the roadway shall normally fall entirely within the right-of-way. It may be
permitted to go outside the right-of-way if raised curbing extends into the
private property. The radii will generally be between 30 and 50 feet, except
that three-center curves, with or without island, may be required. Vehicle
turning paths should be used to design the flares to prevent vehicles using the
driveway from encroaching outside the right lane of the highway.
3) Angular Placement. The center line of a two-way driveway
shall either be at a right angle to the roadway or parallel to the property
line. The angle of the center line of the driveway is 60 degrees for a two-way
driveway or 45 degrees for multiple entrances where the driveways will be used
for one-way traffic.
4) Location.
A) A minimum distance of 10 feet shall be maintained between a
property line and any part of the driveway flare. The distance between the
beginning of the driveway flare and the near edge of an adjacent roadway
intersecting the State highway shall be 100 feet. Where volume projections
indicate a need, sufficient distance from adjacent roadways or property lines
should be allowed for the construction of a right or left-turn lane.
B) If multiple drives are provided for these facilities,
sufficient distance must be allowed between entrances for the construction of
turning lanes. This will also result in separating the points of conflict
created by such entrances and will encourage internal circulation. A minimum
distance of 440 feet between the center lines of adjacent entrances will be
required for these purposes.
5) Medians. Where a divided entrance separating entering and
exiting traffic is utilized, the median shall be between 4 and 18 feet wide and
extend into the property as far as necessary to promote smooth traffic
patterns. The median shall begin at the edge of the normal shoulder in an
uncurbed section or 4 to 10 feet from the face of the curb in a curbed section.
Section 550.APPENDIX A Highway Permit
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.APPENDIX A HIGHWAY PERMIT
Section 550.APPENDIX A Highway
Permit
STATE
OF ILLINOIS
DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
HIGHWAY
PERMIT
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District
Serial No.
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WHEREAS, I(We)
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(Name
of Applicant)
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(Mailing
Address)
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hereinafter termed the
Applicant,
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(City)
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(State)
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request permission and
authority to do certain work herein described on the right-of-way of the
State highway known as ______________ Route___________, Section___________,
from Station ____________ to Station ____________, ______________ County. The
work is described in detail on the attached sketch and/or as follows:
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It is understood that the work
authorized by this permit shall be completed within ____________ after the
date this permit is approved, otherwise the permit becomes null and void.
This permit is subject to the conditions and restrictions printed on the
reverse side of this sheet.
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This permit is hereby accepted
and its provisions agreed to this _____________ day of ____________19____.
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Signed
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Applicant
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Witness
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Mailing
Address
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Mailing
Address
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City
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State
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City
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State
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SIGN AND RETURN TO: Regional
or District Engineer_____________, Illinois
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Approved this________ day
of________19____.
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DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
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BY:
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Regional
or District Engineer
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BT 1045 (Rev. 9-72)
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First: The
applicant represents all parties in interest and shall furnish material, do all
work, pay all costs, and shall in a reasonable length of time restore the
damaged portions of the highway to a condition similar or equal to that
existing before the commencement of the described work, including any seeding
or sodding neccessary.
Second: The
proposed work shall be located and constructed to the satisfaction of the
Regional or District Engineer or his duly authorized representative. No
revisions or additions shall be made to the proposed work on the right-of-way
without the written permission of the Regional or District Engineer.
Third: The
applicant shall at all times conduct the work in such a manner as to minimize
hazards to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In performing this work, the
applicant shall provide a traffic control plan acceptable to the Regional or
District Engineer. All signs, barricades, flagmen etc., required for traffic
control shall be furnished by the applicant. The work may be done on any day
except Sunday, New Year's Day, Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day,
Veteran's Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Work shall be done only
during daylight hours.
Fourth: The work
performed by the applicant is for the bona fide purpose expressed and not for
the purpose of or result in parking or servicing vehicles on the highway
right-of-way. Signs that overhang the right-of-way shall be prohibited.
Fifth: The
applicant, his successors or assigns, agrees to hold harmless the State of
Illinois and its duly appointed agents and employees against any action for
personal injury or property damage sustained by reason of the exercise of this
permit.
Sixth: The
applicant shall not trim, cut, or in any way disturb any trees or shrubbery
along said highway without the approval of the Regional or District Engineer or
his duly authorized representative.
Seventh: The State
reserves the right to make such changes, additions, repairs, and relocations
within its statutory limits to the facilities constructed under this permit or
their appurtenances on the right-of-way as may at any time be considered
necessary to permit the relocation, reconstruction, widening, or maintaining of
the highway and/or to provide proper protection to life and property on or
adjacent to the State right-of-way. However, in the event this permit is
granted to construct, locate, operate, and maintain utility facilities on the
State right-of-way, the applicant, upon written request by the Regional or
District Engineer, shall perform such alterations or change of location of the
facilities, without expense to the State, and should the applicant fail to make
satisfactory arrangements to comply with this request within a reasonable time,
the State reserves the right to make such alterations or change of location or
remove the work, and the applicant agrees to pay for the cost incurred.
Eighth: This permit
is effective only insofar as the Department has jurisdiction and does not
presume to release the applicant from compliance with the provisions of any
existing statutes or local regulations relating to the construction of such
work.
Ninth: The
construction of access driveways is subject to the regulations listed in the
"Policy on Permits for Access Driveways to State Highways" (92 Ill.
Adm. Code 550). Utility installations shall be subject to "Policy on
Accommodations on Utilities on State Highways" (92 Ill. Adm. Code 580).
Tenth: The
applicant(s) affirms that the property lines shown on the attached sheet are
true and correct, and binds and obligates himself to perform the operation(s)
in accordance with the description and attached sketch and to abide by the
policy regulations.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.APPENDIX B INDIVIDUAL HIGHWAY PERMIT BOND
Section 550.APPENDIX B Individual
Highway Permit Bond
STATE
OF ILLINOS
DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
INDIVIDUAL
HIGHWAY PERMIT BOND
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Bond No.
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KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE
PRESENTS, That I(We)
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(Name
of Applicant)
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(Mailing
Address)
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as Principal, and
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(Surety
Company
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a corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the State of __________ and licensed to do
business in the State of Illinois, are held firmly bound unto the People of
the State of Illinois in the penal sum of___________ Dollars ($_____________)
lawful money of the United States well and truly to be paid unto said People
of the State of Illinois, for payment of which we bind ourselves, our
successors and assigns, jointly, severally, and firmly by these presents.
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WHEREAS, Highway Permit No.
_________________ issued by the Department of
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Transportation of the State of
Illinois grants to ______________________________ permission and authority to
construct, locate, operate, and maintain the work described in said Permit,
upon or adjacent to ________ Route _____________________________ in
_____________________ Conty as more fully described in said Permit and
Sketch, which by this reference are made a part hereof as if written herein
at length, in and by which Permit and Sketch the said Principal has promised
and agreed to perform said described operation and related activities in
accordance with the terms and conditions of and description in said Permit
and Sketch.
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NOW, THEREFORE, if the said
Principal shall well and truly perform said operation
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in accordance with the terms
and conditions of and description in said Permit and Sketch to the
satisfaction of said Department, and shall perform no other work or
construction at said location without first applying for and receiving
another permit from said Department, and shall indemnify and save harmless
the State of Illinois against all claims for damages that may occur to
persons or property, due to accidents or otherwise by reason of the location,
operation, or maintenance of the work authorized by the referenced highway
permit, including damages to property belonging to the State of Illinois
arising out of the performance of said described operation and related
activities during a period of five years from the date of approval of this
bond by the Department, then this obligation to be void. Otherwise, this bond
or so much thereof as may be necessary shall inure to the said Department as
cost and expense to change and correct said construction to conform to the
terms and conditions of and description in said Permit and Sketch.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, WE HAVE
DULY EXECUTED THE FOREGOING THIS _______
DAY OF ___________19____.
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Surety
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Principal
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Address
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Address
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City-State
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City-State
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By
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(Seal)
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By
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(Seal)
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Attorney
in Fact
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Department of Transportation
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Agent for Surety
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Address
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By
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District/Region
Engineer
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City-State
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By
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BT 1046 (Rev. 11-72)
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.APPENDIX C BLANKET BOND FOR HIGHWAY ACCESS PERMITS
Section 550.APPENDIX C Blanket
Bond for Highway Access Permits
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STATE
OF ILLINOIS
DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
SPRINGFIELD,
ILLINOIS
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BLANKET
BOND FOR HIGHWAY ACCESS PERMITS
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KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE
PRESENTS, That I(We)
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as Principal and
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a corporation organized and
existing under the laws of the State of ______________and licensed to do
business in the State of Illinois, as Surety, are held and firmly bound unto
the People of the State of Illinois in the penal sum of _____________ Dollars
($__________________________), lawful money of the United States, well and
truly to be paid until said People of the State of Illinois, for payment of
which we bind ourselves, our heirs, administrators, successors and assigns,
jointly, severally, and firmly by these presents.
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THE CONDITION OF THE
FOREGOING OBLIGATION IS SUCH that; whereas, the Department of Transportation of
the State of Illinois may, from time to time, issue to said Principal the
right, permission and authority to construct access driveways and appurtenances
thereto from private properties to and on State Highways, as fully described in
each Permit and Permit Sketch, which by this reference are each and everyone
made a part hereof as if written herein at length, in and by which Permits and
Permit Sketches the said Principal has promised and agreed to construct said
access driveways and appurtenances thereto in accordance with the terms and
conditions of said Permits and Permit Sketches.
NOW, THEREFORE: if
the said Principal shall well and truly perform said construction in accordance
with the terms and conditions of said Permits and Permit Sketches to the
satisfaction of said Department, and shall perform no other work or
construction at any of said locations without first applying for and receiving
other permits from said Department, then no claim or demand will be made
against the above obligation: otherwise, so much of this bond as may be
necessary shall inure to the benefit of said Department as cost and expense to
change said construction to conform to the terms and conditions of any
applicable Permit and Permit Sketch.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, WE have duly
executed the foregoing Obligation this ________day of _______________, A.D.
19____.
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(Seal)
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Surety
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(Seal)
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(Principal)
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By:
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By:
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Principal
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Attorney
in Fact
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Approved this _________day of
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Countersigned
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A.D. 19____
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By:
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Agent
for Surety
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STATE OF ILLINOIS
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Department of Transportation
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Address
of Agent
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By
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Engineer
of Traffic
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| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.APPENDIX D ACCESS AGREEMENT
Section 550.APPENDIX D Access
Agreement
STATE
OF ILLINOIS
DEPARTMENT
OF TRANSPORTATION
ACCESS
AGREEMENT
This agreement
covers the entire property served by entrance(s) described in Highway Permit,
District Serial No. __________. The entrance(s) to be constructed (is) (are)
to proved access to the following described property.
The undersigned
applicant (whether one or more) represents that he (they) is (are) the sole and
only owner(s) of the above described land and does (do) hereby covenant and
agree that the above described driveway(s) shall be the sole and only ingress
from and egress to the State highway for any or all of the above described land
whether same may now or hereafter be subdivided or owned in separate tracts or
parcels. Applicants further agree that the Department or its successors or
assigns may enforce such covenant by any proceedings deemed desirable at law or
in equity in addition to any other rights or privileges the Department has or
may have.
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This agreement is hereby
accepted and its provisions agreed to this day of _____________ 19____
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Approved this ___________ day
of
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, A.D. 19____
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Signed
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Applicant
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STATE OF ILLINOIS
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Department of Transportation
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Mailing
Address
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By
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Regional
or District Engineer
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City
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State
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STATE OF)
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)
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)SS
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COUNTY OF)
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)
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I,
______________________________, a Notary Public in and for said County and
State
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aforesaid, do hereby certify
that
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who ______________ personally
known to me to be the same person ___________ whose name ________________ subscribed
to the foregoing instrument appeared before me this day in person and
acknowledged that ______ he ______ signed, sealed and delivered the said
instrument as ______________ free and voluntary act, for the uses and
purposes therein set forth, including the release and waiver of the rights of
homestead.
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Given
under my hand and notarial seal this ______ day of _______________ A.D.
19____.
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Notary
Public
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(SEAL)
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My Commission expires
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, 19____.
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BT 1363
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.APPENDIX E BIBLIOGRAPHY
Section 550.APPENDIX E
Bibliography
American Association of State
Highway Officials, A Policy on Arterial Highways
in Urban Areas, Washington,
D.C., 1973.
American Association of State
Highway Officials, A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways, Washington,
D.C., 1973.
Highway Research Board, Special
Report 87, Highway Capacity Manual, Washington, D.C., 1965.
Illinois Department of
Transportation, Design Manual.
Illinois Department of
Transportation, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. (92 Ill. Adm. Code
546)
Illinois Department of
Transportation, Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 1973.
Illinois Highway Code, Chapter
121, Illinois Revised Statutes.
Illinois Vehicle Code, Chapter
95 1/2, Illinois Revised Statutes.
Institute of Traffic Engineers,
Guidelines for Driveway Design and Location, Washington, D.C., 1973.
National Cooperative Highway
Research Program, Report 93, Guidelines for Medial and Marginal Access Control
on Major Roadways, Washington, D.C., 1970.
Illinois Highway Drainage Policy
and Practice Manual.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION A DISTRICT AND REGION BOUNDARIES WITH OFFICE LOCATIONS
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION A District
and Region Boundaries with Office Locations
     
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION B TABLE OF ENTRANCE LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION B Table
of Entrance Layout Requirements
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NONCOMMERCIAL
RURAL
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NONCOMMERCIAL
URBAN
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COMMERCIAL
RURAL
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COMMERCIAL
URBAN
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INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL-RECREATIONAL
HGH-VOLUME TRAFFIC GENERATORS
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WIDTH OF DRIVE
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12'
Min.
24'
Max.
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35' Max.
(60' Max. 6' from Edge
of Pavement)
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35'
Max.
(85'
Max. at Curb)
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2@24'
or 35' Max.
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RADII OF FLARE
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10'
Min.
30'
Max.
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5' Min.
15' Max.
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10' Min.
40' Max.
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10' Min.
25' Max.
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30 – 50'
or 3 C.C.
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ANGLE OF DRIVE
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60º
- 90º
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*45º - 90º
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ISLAND AREA
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----
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10' Min. at ROW
5' Min. Radius
10' Min 6' from
Pavement
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6' Min. at Edge of
Pavement and at ROW
5' Min. Radius
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4' – 18" Wide
Median
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DISTANCE FROM PROPERTY LINE (To any part of
driveway or flare)
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0'
Min.
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5' Min.
(6' from Edge of
Pavement)
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3' Min.
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10' Min.
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DISTANCE FROM INTERSECTING STREET
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**50'
Min.
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***5' Min.
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**50' Min.
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----
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**100' Min.
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5'
Min. from beginning of flare to extension of intersecting road ROW
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DISTANCE BETWEEN DRIVES
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----
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10' Min.
(6' from Edge of
Pavement and at ROW)
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6' Min.
(at Edge of Pavement
and at ROW)
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440' Min.
660' Desirable
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* 45º
permitted only for one-way drives; 60º minimum for two-way drives.
** From
edge of intersecting road to beginning of driveway flare.
*** Undisturbed
length of curb between driveway flare and intersecting street flare.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION C NON-COMMERCIAL-RURAL
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION C Non-commercial-Rural
  
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION D NON-COMMERCIAL-URBAN
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION D Non-commercial-Urban
  
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION E COMMERCIAL-RURAL
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION E Commercial-Rural
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION F COMMERCIAL-URBAN
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION F Commercial-Urban
When the
island between drives is less than 25 feet long or less than 10 feet wide, it
shall be defined by curves, masonry, or other devices.
*45º min.
angle permitted only for one-way driveways.
60º min.
angle for two-way driveways.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION G INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL-RECREATIONAL HIGH VOLUME TRAFFIC GENERATOR
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION G Industrial-Commercial-Recreational
High Volume Traffic Generator
  
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION H TYPICAL LEFT-TURN LANE ON TWO-LANE HIGHWAY
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION H Typical
Left-Turn Lane on Two-Lane Highway
Note 1 –
Distances shown are based on 50 mph design speed.
Note 2 –
Double yellow thermoplastic or painted median diagonals.
12-inch
lines with spacing as indicated in Section 3-3.8 of MUTCD.
Note 3 –
Increased if necessary for storage requirements.
Note 4 – In rural areas, 500-foot minimum no-passing zone should be
marked on approaches.
| TITLE 92: TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER I: DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
SUBCHAPTER f: HIGHWAYS
PART 550
POLICY ON PERMITS FOR ACCESS DRIVEWAYS TO STATE HIGHWAYS
SECTION 550.ILLUSTRATION I LOCATION OF DRIVEWAYS ALONG PUBLIC ROAD INTERSECTING FREEWAY WITH PARTIAL ACCESS CONTROL
Section 550.ILLUSTRATION I Location
of Driveways Along Public Road Intersecting Freeway with Partial Access Control
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