SUBTITLE G: WASTE DISPOSAL
CHAPTER I: POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
SUBCHAPTER j: COAL COMBUSTION WASTE SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
PART 845 STANDARDS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUALS IN SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS
SECTION 845.120 DEFINITIONS
Except as stated in this Section, or unless a different meaning of a word or term is clear from the context, the definition of words or terms in this Part will be the same as that applied to the same words or terms in the Environmental Protection Act:
"1000-year flood" means a flood of magnitude (or greater) of 1 in 1000 probability of occurring in any given year.
"Act" means the Illinois Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS 5].
"Active facility" or "active electric utility" or "independent power producer" means any facility, subject to the requirements of this Part, that is in operation on or after October 19, 2015. An electric utility or independent power producer is in operation if it is generating electricity that is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems on or after October 19, 2015. An off-site CCR surface impoundment is in operation if it is accepting or managing CCR on or after October 19, 2015.
"Active life" or "in operation" means the period of operation beginning with the initial placement of CCR in the CCR surface impoundment and ending at completion of closure activities in accordance with Subpart G.
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency.
"Aquifer" means a geologic formation, group of formations, or portion of a formation capable of yielding usable quantities of groundwater to wells or springs.
"Area-capacity curves" means graphic curves that readily show the reservoir water surface area, in acres, at different elevations from the bottom of the reservoir to the maximum water surface, and the capacity or volume, in acre-feet, of the water contained in the reservoir at various elevations.
"Areas susceptible to mass movement" means those areas of influence (i.e., areas characterized as having an active or substantial possibility of mass movement) where, because of natural or human-induced events, the movement of earthen material at, beneath, or adjacent to the CCR surface impoundment may result in the downslope transport of soil and rock material by means of gravitational influence. Areas of mass movement include, but are not limited to, landslides, avalanches, debris slides and flows, soil fluctuation, block sliding, and rock fall.
"Board" means Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"Certified laboratory" means any laboratory certified under Section 4(o) of the Act or certified by USEPA for the specific constituents to be examined.
"Closed" for purposes of this Part means placement of CCR in a CCR surface impoundment has stopped, and the owner or operator has completed closure of the CCR surface impoundment and has initiated post-closure care in accordance with Subpart G.
"Coal combustion residuals" or "CCR" means fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization materials generated from burning coal for the purpose of generating electricity by electric utilities and independent power producers. [415 ILCS 5/3.142]
"CCR fugitive dust" means solid airborne particulate matter that contains or is derived from CCR, emitted from any source other than a stack or chimney.
"CCR storage pile" means any temporary accumulation of solid, non-flowing CCR placed on the land that is designed and managed to control releases of CCR to the environment. CCR contained in an enclosed structure is not a CCR storage pile. Examples of control measures to control releases from CCR storage piles include: periodic wetting, application of surfactants, tarps, or wind barriers to suppress dust; tarps or berms for preventing contact with precipitation and controlling run-on/run-off; and impervious storage pads or geomembrane liners for soil and groundwater protection.
"CCR surface impoundment" or "impoundment" means a natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area, which is designed to hold an accumulation of CCR and liquids, and the surface impoundment treats, stores, or disposes of CCR. [415 ILCS 5/3.143]
"Dike" means an embankment, berm, or ridge of either natural or man-made materials used to prevent the movement of liquids, sludges, solids, or other materials.
"Displacement" means the relative movement of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction.
"Disposal" means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste as defined in section 1004(27) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act into or on any land or water or into any well so that the solid waste, or constituent thereof, may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including groundwater. For purposes of this Part, disposal does not include the beneficial use of CCR.
"Downstream toe" means the junction of the downstream slope or face of the CCR surface impoundment with the ground surface.
"Enclosed structure" means:
A completely enclosed, self-supporting structure that is designed and constructed of manmade materials of sufficient strength and thickness to support itself, the CCR, and any personnel and heavy equipment that operate within the structure, and to prevent failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift; climatic conditions; and the stresses of daily operation, including the movement of heavy equipment within the structure and contact of that equipment with containment walls;
The structure has containment walls that are designed to be sufficiently durable to withstand any movement of personnel, CCR, and handling equipment within the structure;
The structure is designed and operated to ensure containment and prevent fugitive dust emissions from openings, such as doors, windows and vents, and the tracking of CCR from the structure by personnel or equipment.
"Exceedance of the groundwater protection standard" means:
For existing CCR surface impoundments and inactive CCR surface impoundments:
an analytical result with a concentration greater than the numerical value of the constituents listed in Section 845.600(a), in a down gradient well; or
when the up gradient background concentration of a constituent exceeds the numerical value listed in Section 845.600(a), an analytical result with a concentration at a statistically significant level above the up gradient background concentration, in a down gradient well.
For new CCR surface impoundments and lateral expansions of existing CCR surface impoundments, an analytical result with a constituent concentration at a statistically significant level above the up gradient background concentration, in a down gradient well.
"Existing CCR surface impoundment" means a CCR surface impoundment in which CCR is placed both before and after October 19, 2015, or for which construction started before October 19, 2015 and in which CCR is placed on or after October 19, 2015. A CCR surface impoundment has started construction if the owner or operator has obtained the federal, State, and local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction and a continuous on-site, physical construction program had begun before October 19, 2015.
"Facility" means all contiguous land, and structures, other appurtenances, and improvements on the land, used for treating, storing, disposing of, or otherwise conducting solid waste management of CCR. A facility may consist of several treatment, storage, or disposal operational units (e.g., one or more landfills, surface impoundments, or combinations of them).
"Factor of safety" or "safety factor" means the ratio of the forces tending to resist the failure of a structure to the forces tending to cause that failure, as determined by accepted engineering practice.
"Fault" means a fracture or a zone of fractures in any material along which strata on one side have been displaced with respect to that on the other side.
"Flood hydrograph" means a graph showing, for a given point on a stream, the discharge, height, or other characteristic of a flood as a function of time.
"Free liquids" means liquids that readily separate from the solid portion of a waste under ambient temperature and pressure.
"Groundwater" means water below the land surface in a zone of saturation.
"Hazard potential classification" means the possible adverse incremental consequences that result from the release of water or stored contents due to failure of the diked CCR surface impoundment or mis-operation of the diked CCR surface impoundment or its appurtenances. The hazardous potential classifications include Class 1 and Class 2, defined as follows:
Class 1 CCR surface impoundment means a diked surface impoundment where failure or mis-operation will probably cause loss of human life.
Class 2 CCR surface impoundment means a diked surface impoundment where failure or mis-operation results in no probable loss of human life, but can cause economic loss, environmental damage, disruption of lifeline facilities, or impact other concerns.
"Height" means the vertical measurement from the downstream toe of the CCR surface impoundment at its lowest point to the lowest elevation of the crest of the CCR surface impoundment, not including spillways.
"Holocene" means the most recent epoch of the Quaternary period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene Epoch, at 11,700 years before present, to present.
"Hydraulic conductivity" means the rate at which water can move through a permeable medium (i.e., the coefficient of permeability).
"Inactive CCR surface impoundment" means a CCR surface impoundment in which CCR was placed before but not after October 19, 2015 and still contains CCR on or after October 19, 2015. Inactive CCR surface impoundments may be located at an active facility or inactive facility.
"Inactive Closed CCR surface impoundment" means an inactive CCR surface impoundment that completed closure before October 19, 2015 with an Agency-approved closure plan.
"Inactive facility" or "inactive electric utilities or independent power producers" means any facility that is not in operation on or after October 19, 2015.
"Incised CCR surface impoundment" means a CCR surface impoundment that is constructed by excavating entirely below the natural ground surface, holds an accumulation of CCR entirely below the adjacent natural ground surface, and does not consist of any constructed diked portion.
"Inflow design flood" means the flood hydrograph that is used in the design or modification of the CCR surface impoundment and its appurtenant works.
"In operation" means the same as "active life".
"Karst terrain" means an area where karst topography, with its characteristic erosional surface and subterranean features, is developed as the result of dissolution of limestone, dolomite, or other soluble rock. Characteristic physiographic features present in karst terrains include, but are not limited to, dolines, collapsed shafts (sinkholes), sinking streams, caves, seeps, large springs, and blind valleys.
"Lateral expansion" means a horizontal or vertical expansion of the waste boundaries of an existing CCR surface impoundment made after October 19, 2015.
"Liquefaction factor of safety" means the factor of safety (safety factor) determined using analysis under liquefaction conditions.
"Lithified earth material" means all rock, including all naturally occurring and naturally formed aggregates or masses of minerals or small particles of older rock that formed by crystallization of magma or by induration of loose sediments. This term does not include man-made materials, such as fill, concrete, and asphalt, or unconsolidated earth materials, soil, or regolith lying at or near the earth surface.
"Maximum horizontal acceleration in lithified earth material" means the maximum expected horizontal acceleration at the ground surface as depicted on a seismic hazard map, with a 98% or greater probability that the acceleration will not be exceeded in 50 years, or the maximum expected horizontal acceleration based on a site-specific seismic risk assessment.
"New CCR surface impoundment" means a CCR surface impoundment or lateral expansion of an existing or new CCR surface impoundment that first receives CCR or starts construction after October 19, 2015. A new CCR surface impoundment has started construction if the owner or operator has obtained the federal, State, and local approvals or permits necessary to begin physical construction and a continuous on-site, physical construction program had begun after October 19, 2015.
"Operator" means the person or persons responsible for the overall operation of a CCR surface impoundment.
"Outermost damage zone of a fault" means the volume of deformed wall rocks around a fault surface that results from the initiation, propagation, interaction and build-up of slip along faults.
"Owner" means the person or persons who own a CCR surface impoundment or part of a CCR surface impoundment.
"Poor foundation conditions" means those areas where features exist which indicate that a natural or human-induced event may result in inadequate foundation support for the structural components of an existing or new CCR surface impoundment. For example, failure to maintain static and seismic factors of safety, as required in Section 845.460, would cause a poor foundation condition.
"Probable maximum flood" means the flood that may be expected from the most severe combination of critical meteorologic and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably possible in the drainage basin.
"Qualified person" means a person or persons trained to recognize specific appearances of structural weakness and other conditions that are disrupting, or have the potential to disrupt, the operation or safety of the CCR surface impoundment by visual observation and, if applicable, to monitor instrumentation.
"Qualified professional engineer" means an individual who is licensed under the Professional Engineering Practice Act of 1989 [225 ILCS 325] to practice one or more disciplines of engineering and who is qualified by education, technical knowledge and experience to complete the engineering analyses and make the specific technical certifications required under this Part.
"Recognized and generally accepted engineering practices" means engineering maintenance or operation activities based on established codes, widely accepted standards, published technical reports, or a practice widely recommended throughout the industry. These practices generally detail approved ways to perform specific engineering, inspection, or mechanical integrity activities.
"Retrofit" means to remove all CCR and contaminated soils and sediments from the CCR surface impoundment, and to ensure the surface impoundment complies with the requirements in Section 845.410.
"Run-off" means any rainwater, leachate, or other liquid that drains over land from any part of a CCR surface impoundment or lateral expansion of a CCR surface impoundment.
"Run-on" means any rainwater, leachate, or other liquid that drains over land onto any part of a CCR surface impoundment or lateral expansion of a CCR surface impoundment.
"Sand and gravel pit" or "quarry" means an excavation for the extraction of aggregate, minerals or metals. The term sand and gravel pit and/or quarry does not include subsurface or surface coal mines.
"Seismic factor of safety" means the factor of safety (safety factor) determined using analysis under earthquake conditions using the peak ground acceleration for a seismic event with a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, equivalent to a return period of approximately 2,500 years, based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) seismic hazard maps for seismic events with this return period for the region where the CCR surface impoundment is located.
"Seismic impact zone" means an area having a 2% or greater probability that the maximum expected horizontal acceleration, expressed as a percentage of the earth's gravitational pull (g), will exceed 0.10 g in 50 years.
"Slope protection" means engineered or non-engineered measures installed on the upstream or downstream slope of the CCR surface impoundment to protect the slope against wave action or erosion, including rock riprap, wooden pile, concrete revetments, vegetated wave berms, concrete facing, gabions, geotextiles, or fascines.
"Solid waste management" or "management" means the systematic administration of the activities that provide for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste.
"Static factor of safety" means the factor of safety (safety factor) determined using analysis under the long-term, maximum storage pool loading condition, the maximum surcharge pool loading condition, and the end-of-construction loading condition.
"Structural components" means liners, leachate collection and removal systems, final covers, run-on and run-off systems, inflow design flood control systems, and any other component used in the construction and operation of the CCR surface impoundment that is necessary to ensure the integrity of the surface impoundment and ensure that the contents of the surface impoundment are not released into the environment.
"Temporary accumulation" means an accumulation on the land that is neither permanent nor indefinite. To demonstrate that the accumulation on the land is temporary, all CCR must be removed from the pile at the site. The entity engaged in the activity must have a record in place, such as a contract, purchase order, facility operation and maintenance, or fugitive dust control plan, documenting that all the CCR in the pile will be completely removed according to a specific timeline.
"Unstable area" means a location that is susceptible to natural or human-induced events or forces capable of impairing the integrity of that area, including structural components of some or all the CCR surface impoundment that are responsible for preventing releases from the surface impoundment. Unstable areas can include poor foundation conditions, areas susceptible to mass movements, and karst terrains.
"Uppermost aquifer" means the geologic formation nearest the natural ground surface that is an aquifer, as well as lower aquifers that are hydraulically interconnected with this aquifer within the facility's property boundary. Upper limit is measured at a point nearest to the natural ground surface to which the aquifer rises during the wet season.
"Waste boundary" means a vertical surface located at the hydraulically downgradient limit of the CCR surface impoundment. The vertical surface extends down into the uppermost aquifer.
"Wetlands" means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.