Synopsis As Introduced Creates the Safe Public Drinking Water Act. Provides that, as soon as practicable after the effective date of the Act, the Department of Public Health shall propose, and the Illinois Pollution Control Board shall adopt, amendments to the Board rules that establish primary drinking water standards in order to implement a State-only maximum contaminant level (MCL) for carcinogens and toxic chemicals that are likely to pose a substantial health hazard to residents of the State. Requires the rules adopted by the Board to establish: (1) a State-only MCL for perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances in public drinking water systems; (2) a State-only MCL for hexavalent chromium in public drinking water systems; (3) a State-only MCL for 1,4 dioxane in public drinking water systems; and (4) a directive for the Department to propose implementing a State-only MCL for any other pollutants in public drinking water systems when 2 or more other states have set limits or issued guidance on a given pollutant. Directs the Department to review: (i) maximum contaminant levels adopted by other states; (ii) studies and scientific evidence reviewed by those states; (iii) material in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; and (iv) the latest peer-reviewed science and independent or government agency studies. Provides that the Department shall annually review the latest peer-reviewed science and independent or government studies.