|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | AN ACT concerning health.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | represented in the General Assembly:
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Section 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Affordable Health Care
Act.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Section 5. Findings and purpose.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | (a) The General Assembly recognizes that many consumers of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | health care
services
experience difficulty in trying to find | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | and obtain affordable health care
services. The General
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Assembly finds that many consumers of health care services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | experience high
out-of-pocket costs
when receiving those | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | services.
The General Assembly also finds that consumers should | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | have the right to
voluntarily
contract with and negotiate with | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | their health care providers in ways to
decrease their | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | out-of-pocket costs for health care services.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | The General Assembly acknowledges that jury awards in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Illinois have increased
substantially, far in excess of the | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | rate of inflation or the consumer price
index. Medical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | malpractice liability insurance costs have increased
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | dramatically,
causing physicians
to leave the State, retire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | early, and discontinue providing certain medical
services. The | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | fear of jury awards in excess of a physician's professional
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | medical malpractice insurance policy limits is dramatically | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | and negatively
affecting access to health care in the State. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | Threats of a potential jury
award
above a physician's policy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | limits are often used to coerce physicians into
out-of-court | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | settlements. These fears are placing physicians in an
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | adversarial relationship with their patients. The General | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Assembly finds this
is
contrary to the best interest of the | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | citizens of the State of Illinois.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Furthermore, the General Assembly acknowledges that many | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | health care
providers
order expensive diagnostic medical tests |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | and procedures on consumers based on
the
assumption that these | ||||||
2 | tests and procedures will decrease potential
liability in the | ||||||
3 | event a
claim is filed against them based upon allegations of | ||||||
4 | medical negligence. This
unnecessarily
increases the overall | ||||||
5 | costs for health care services. Health care providers are
| ||||||
6 | experiencing
difficulty in finding affordable medical | ||||||
7 | liability insurance because many
insurance companies have
| ||||||
8 | discontinued selling medical liability insurance in this | ||||||
9 | State. Many geographic
areas of the State
are unable to attract | ||||||
10 | health care providers, resulting in limited access to
heath | ||||||
11 | care services, due to the lack of affordable medical liability | ||||||
12 | insurance.
| ||||||
13 | Allegations of medical negligence often include requests | ||||||
14 | for economic damages
and non-economic
damages
such as pain and | ||||||
15 | suffering. The possibility of awards for economic damages and
| ||||||
16 | non-economic damages
have resulted in
many insurance companies | ||||||
17 | discontinuing business operations in the State. This
has | ||||||
18 | limited
access to affordable medical liability insurance and | ||||||
19 | resulted in higher
costs for liability
insurance, which are | ||||||
20 | ultimately passed on to the consumers of health care
services. | ||||||
21 | Inability to
obtain affordable medical malpractice liability | ||||||
22 | insurance has resulted in many
health care
providers
| ||||||
23 | discontinuing the provision of high risk medical services, | ||||||
24 | leaving the State,
and
discontinuing the provision of medical | ||||||
25 | services
altogether.
| ||||||
26 | (b) This Act is intended to:
| ||||||
27 | (1) Specifically authorize the right of consumers to | ||||||
28 | voluntarily contract
with
health care
providers in an | ||||||
29 | attempt to lower their costs for health care services by
| ||||||
30 | entering into agreements
that voluntarily limit the amount | ||||||
31 | of economic or non-economic damages, or both, that
may be | ||||||
32 | recovered
in a medical
negligence lawsuit, or that | ||||||
33 | contractually obligate the plaintiff in a
medical | ||||||
34 | negligence lawsuit to pay the defendants' reasonable legal | ||||||
35 | fees,
including costs and expenses, if the lawsuit fails to | ||||||
36 | establish liability on the
part of the defendants.
|
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | (2) Improve the overall quality of care delivered to | ||||||
2 | the public by health
care providers
throughout the State.
| ||||||
3 | (3) Improve access to health care services by allowing | ||||||
4 | consumers and
health
care
providers to voluntarily enter | ||||||
5 | into agreements, thereby encouraging health care
providers | ||||||
6 | to
continue to offer services in this State.
| ||||||
7 | (4) Lower the overall cost of health care services by | ||||||
8 | reducing the number
and
amount
of unnecessary diagnostic | ||||||
9 | tests and procedures that are performed on patients
based | ||||||
10 | on the
theory of "defensive medicine".
| ||||||
11 | (5) Encourage health care providers to offer and | ||||||
12 | provide services in
geographic areas
of the State that have | ||||||
13 | traditionally been underserved or experienced shortages
in | ||||||
14 | qualified health
care providers.
| ||||||
15 | Section 10. Definitions. In this Act:
| ||||||
16 | "Consumer" means any person, individual, corporation, | ||||||
17 | association,
partnership,
limited liability company, sole | ||||||
18 | proprietorship, or other legal entity.
| ||||||
19 | "Economic damages" means objectively verifiable monetary | ||||||
20 | losses incurred as a
result
of the provision of, use of, or | ||||||
21 | payment for health care services or medical
products, such as | ||||||
22 | past
and future medical expenses, loss of past and future | ||||||
23 | earnings, cost of
obtaining domestic
services, loss of | ||||||
24 | employment, and loss of business or employment opportunities.
| ||||||
25 | "Effective date" means the date on which a health care | ||||||
26 | agreement becomes
effective
and
binds the parties to the terms | ||||||
27 | of the agreement.
| ||||||
28 | "Emergency medical condition" means a medical condition | ||||||
29 | manifesting
itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity | ||||||
30 | (including, but not
limited to, severe pain) such that a | ||||||
31 | prudent layperson, who possesses an
average knowledge of health | ||||||
32 | and medicine, could reasonably expect the
absence of immediate | ||||||
33 | medical attention to result in:
| ||||||
34 | (1) placing the health of the individual (or, with | ||||||
35 | respect to
a pregnant woman, the health of the woman or her |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | unborn child) in
serious jeopardy;
| ||||||
2 | (2) serious impairment to bodily functions; or
| ||||||
3 | (3) serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.
| ||||||
4 | "Emergency services" means medical services furnished by a | ||||||
5 | health care
provider
that are needed to evaluate or stabilize | ||||||
6 | an emergency medical condition.
"Emergency services"
does not | ||||||
7 | refer to post-stabilization medical services.
| ||||||
8 | "Group of health care providers" means any group, | ||||||
9 | association, partnership,
corporation, limited liability | ||||||
10 | company, limited liability partnership,
organization, or | ||||||
11 | collection of health care providers that provide health care
| ||||||
12 | services to the general public or perform business operations | ||||||
13 | under a
common business name.
| ||||||
14 | "Health care agreement" means a written agreement entered | ||||||
15 | into between a
patient and a health care provider that (A) | ||||||
16 | prohibits or limits economic damages or
non-economic
damages | ||||||
17 | arising out
of (i) injuries alleged to have been received by a | ||||||
18 | patient as the result of
medical negligence or
(ii) the death | ||||||
19 | of a patient, due to alleged medical negligence services
| ||||||
20 | provided by a health care
provider or (B) contractually | ||||||
21 | obligates the plaintiff in a medical
negligence lawsuit to pay | ||||||
22 | the defendants' reasonable legal fees, including costs
and | ||||||
23 | expenses, if the lawsuit fails to establish liability on the | ||||||
24 | part of the
defendants.
| ||||||
25 | "Health care provider" means any physician, nurse, | ||||||
26 | licensed advanced
practice nurse, licensed physician | ||||||
27 | assistant, chiropractor, licensed hospital
facility, licensed
| ||||||
28 | ambulatory surgery center, or other person that is licensed or | ||||||
29 | otherwise
authorized to provide or
deliver health care | ||||||
30 | services.
| ||||||
31 | "Health care service" means any service provided to a | ||||||
32 | person by a health care
provider
that relates to, or is for the | ||||||
33 | purpose of, preventing, alleviating, curing, or
healing human | ||||||
34 | illness or
injury.
| ||||||
35 | "Non-economic damages" means damages for physical and | ||||||
36 | emotional pain,
suffering,
inconvenience, physical impairment, |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | mental anguish, disfigurement, loss of
enjoyment of life, loss
| ||||||
2 | of society and companionship, loss of consortium, hedonic | ||||||
3 | damages, injury to
reputation, and all
other non-pecuniary | ||||||
4 | losses of any kind or nature.
| ||||||
5 | "Nurse" means a person licensed under the Nursing and | ||||||
6 | Advanced Practice
Nursing
Act.
| ||||||
7 | "Party" means any person who is a plaintiff or a
defendant | ||||||
8 | in a medical negligence lawsuit.
| ||||||
9 | "Patient" means any person who receives health care | ||||||
10 | services from a health
care
provider.
| ||||||
11 | "Person" means any individual, corporation, association, | ||||||
12 | partnership,
limited
liability company, sole proprietorship, | ||||||
13 | or any other legal entity.
| ||||||
14 | "Physician" means a person licensed under the Medical | ||||||
15 | Practice Act of 1987 to
practice
medicine in all of its | ||||||
16 | branches or a chiropractic physician licensed to treat
human | ||||||
17 | ailments
without the use of drugs and without operative | ||||||
18 | surgery.
| ||||||
19 | "Post-stabilization medical services" means health care | ||||||
20 | services furnished by
a health care
provider to a patient after | ||||||
21 | stabilization of an emergency medical condition.
| ||||||
22 | "Stabilization" means, with respect to an emergency | ||||||
23 | medical
condition, to provide such medical treatment of the | ||||||
24 | condition as may be
necessary to ensure, within reasonable | ||||||
25 | medical probability, that no
material deterioration of the | ||||||
26 | condition is likely to result.
| ||||||
27 | "Termination date" means the date after which a health care | ||||||
28 | agreement
becomes
terminated and no longer binds the parties to | ||||||
29 | the agreement.
| ||||||
30 | Section 15. Applicability. This Act shall apply to and | ||||||
31 | shall
govern all health care agreements between a patient and a | ||||||
32 | health care
provider that (A) voluntarily limit economic | ||||||
33 | damages or non-economic damages
arising out of (i)
injuries | ||||||
34 | alleged to
have been received by a person as the result of | ||||||
35 | medical negligence, or (ii) the
death of a person,
due to |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | alleged medical negligence of a health care provider or (B)
| ||||||
2 | contractually obligate the plaintiff in a medical negligence | ||||||
3 | lawsuit to pay
the defendants' reasonable legal fees, including | ||||||
4 | costs and expenses, if the
lawsuit fails to establish liability | ||||||
5 | on the part of the defendants.
| ||||||
6 | Section 20. Minor parties. A minor child shall be bound by | ||||||
7 | a
health care agreement executed on his or her behalf by any
| ||||||
8 | parent or legal guardian of the minor child. A minor child | ||||||
9 | shall be
bound by such an agreement irrespective of whether | ||||||
10 | that parent is also
a minor. A minor child shall be bound by a | ||||||
11 | health care agreement
executed on his or her behalf | ||||||
12 | irrespective of whether the agreement was
entered into before | ||||||
13 | the birth of the minor child. An agreement so
executed shall | ||||||
14 | not be voidable because of the minority of the
parent, and for | ||||||
15 | such purposes a minor who is a parent shall be deemed
to have | ||||||
16 | the full legal capacity as if that parent were above
the age of | ||||||
17 | majority.
| ||||||
18 | Section 25. Conditions. Every health care agreement shall
| ||||||
19 | be subject to all of the following conditions:
| ||||||
20 | (1) The agreement shall be voluntarily executed by the | ||||||
21 | patient receiving
health care services or the patient's | ||||||
22 | legal parent or guardian prior to,
during, or after the | ||||||
23 | term of provision of services by a health care provider.
| ||||||
24 | (2) The agreement must be a separate instrument | ||||||
25 | complete in itself and
not a part of any other contract or | ||||||
26 | instrument.
| ||||||
27 | (3) The agreement may not limit, impair, or waive any | ||||||
28 | substantive rights
or
defenses of any
patient, other than | ||||||
29 | the right of a patient to (A) allege damages and receive an
| ||||||
30 | award for
economic damages or non-economic
damages in a | ||||||
31 | medical negligence lawsuit or (B) contractually obligate | ||||||
32 | the
plaintiff in a medical negligence lawsuit to pay the | ||||||
33 | defendants' reasonable
legal fees, including costs and | ||||||
34 | expenses, if the lawsuit fails to establish
liability on |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | the part of the defendants.
| ||||||
2 | (4) The agreement may not limit, impair, or waive the | ||||||
3 | procedural rights
to
be heard, to
present material | ||||||
4 | evidence, to cross-examine witnesses, and to be | ||||||
5 | represented by
an
attorney, or other procedural rights of | ||||||
6 | due process of any party.
| ||||||
7 | (5) The original agreement may be in written or | ||||||
8 | electronic format, and any
patient executing
such an | ||||||
9 | agreement shall be given a copy of the signed agreement | ||||||
10 | immediately
after executing
the agreement or at any time | ||||||
11 | when requested by the patient.
| ||||||
12 | (6) The agreement shall remain in effect and shall | ||||||
13 | apply to all health care
services
provided to the
patient | ||||||
14 | on or after the effective date by the health care provider | ||||||
15 | or providers
who is, or are, a
party to the
agreement.
| ||||||
16 | (7) The agreement shall include an effective date | ||||||
17 | clearly indicating the
date
the agreement is
to become | ||||||
18 | effective; the effective date may be a date prior to the | ||||||
19 | date the
agreement is
executed.
| ||||||
20 | (8) The agreement may be amended to include additional | ||||||
21 | health care
providers
with the written
consent of the | ||||||
22 | patient, by including a written amendment with the names of | ||||||
23 | the
additional
health care providers and the effective date | ||||||
24 | or dates of the amendment.
| ||||||
25 | (9) The agreement may be terminated by the patient at | ||||||
26 | any time by
notifying
the
health care
provider in writing | ||||||
27 | via certified mail, return receipt requested, at the
| ||||||
28 | address listed on the
original agreement, and the | ||||||
29 | termination shall become effective on the date the
| ||||||
30 | termination
letter is postmarked by the United States | ||||||
31 | Postal Service.
| ||||||
32 | (10) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Act, | ||||||
33 | an agreement under
this Act may limit economic damages only | ||||||
34 | to the extent those damages exceed
$500,000.
| ||||||
35 | Section 30. Termination of a health care agreement. Any |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | health
care agreement subject to this Act may be terminated at | ||||||
2 | any time by the
patient by notifying the health care provider | ||||||
3 | in writing via certified mail,
return receipt
requested, at the | ||||||
4 | address listed on the original agreement, and the termination
| ||||||
5 | shall become
effective on the date the termination letter is | ||||||
6 | postmarked by the United States
Postal Service.
After the | ||||||
7 | termination date of a health care agreement, a patient shall
| ||||||
8 | not be subject to any limitations on economic damages or | ||||||
9 | non-economic damages
for claims
based on medical negligence for | ||||||
10 | health care services provided after the
termination date. | ||||||
11 | Health care services provided to a patient by a
health care | ||||||
12 | provider prior to the termination date of a health care
| ||||||
13 | agreement shall be subject to the limitations regarding | ||||||
14 | economic damages or
non-economic
damages contained in the | ||||||
15 | agreement, and the plaintiff in a medical negligence
lawsuit | ||||||
16 | shall be contractually obligated to pay the defendants' | ||||||
17 | reasonable
legal fees, including costs and expenses, if the | ||||||
18 | lawsuit fails to establish
liability on the part of the | ||||||
19 | defendants in the agreement.
| ||||||
20 | Section 35. Emergencies. No patient with an emergency | ||||||
21 | medical
condition shall be asked to enter into a health care | ||||||
22 | agreement until
after stabilization of the patient's | ||||||
23 | condition. Nothing contained in
this Act shall prohibit a | ||||||
24 | health care provider from entering into a
health care agreement | ||||||
25 | with a patient after stabilization of the
emergency medical | ||||||
26 | condition or while providing post-stabilization
medical | ||||||
27 | services.
| ||||||
28 | Section 40. Groups of health care providers. Any patient | ||||||
29 | may enter into a
health care agreement with a group of health | ||||||
30 | care providers by including the
name of the group on the | ||||||
31 | agreement. The terms of the agreement shall apply
to the | ||||||
32 | patient and all members of the group, irrespective of whether | ||||||
33 | the
individual members of the group of health providers sign | ||||||
34 | the agreement. A
health care agreement signed by a patient and |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | any authorized representative of
a group of health care | ||||||
2 | providers shall apply to each and every member of the
group, | ||||||
3 | thereby restricting or limiting a patient's right to economic | ||||||
4 | damages
or non-economic damages that may result from negligence | ||||||
5 | caused by any
member of the group.
| ||||||
6 | Section 45. Hospitalization. A patient may sign a health | ||||||
7 | care agreement
with a hospital that limits or restricts a | ||||||
8 | patient's right to economic damages
or non-economic damages or | ||||||
9 | that contractually obligates the plaintiff
in a medical | ||||||
10 | negligence lawsuit to pay the defendants' reasonable legal | ||||||
11 | fees,
including costs and expenses, and the agreement may | ||||||
12 | include language that
applies to all health care providers who | ||||||
13 | provide health care
services to the patient during | ||||||
14 | hospitalizations up to and through discharge
from the hospital, | ||||||
15 | irrespective of whether those health care providers are
| ||||||
16 | employees, agents, or representatives of the hospital.
| ||||||
17 | Section 50. Required language. Every health care agreement
| ||||||
18 | shall contain, immediately above the signature lines, in | ||||||
19 | upper-case type in
printed letters of at
least 3/16-inch | ||||||
20 | height, captions and a paragraph as follows:
| ||||||
21 | AGREEMENT LIMITING DAMAGES IN NEGLIGENCE CLAIMS AND BINDING THE
| ||||||
22 | PLAINTIFF TO PAY THE DEFENDANTS' LEGAL FEES IN THE EVENT OF A
| ||||||
23 | TRIAL
| ||||||
24 | NOTICE TO PATIENT
| ||||||
25 | BY SIGNING THIS AGREEMENT, YOU ARE LIMITING YOUR RIGHT | ||||||
26 | TO DAMAGES THAT
MAY RESULT FROM NEGLIGENCE DURING YOUR | ||||||
27 | TREATMENT OR CARE BY THE HEALTH CARE
PROVIDER OR GROUP OF | ||||||
28 | HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS LISTED BELOW. YOU ARE ALSO ENTERING
INTO | ||||||
29 | AN AGREEMENT THAT WILL OBLIGATE THE PLAINTIFF TO PAY THE | ||||||
30 | DEFENDANTS'
REASONABLE LEGAL FEES, INCLUDING COSTS AND | ||||||
31 | EXPENSES, IN THE EVENT OF A TRIAL,
IF AT TRIAL THE JURY FAILS | ||||||
32 | TO ESTABLISH LIABILITY ON THE PART OF THE
DEFENDANTS. THIS | ||||||
33 | AGREEMENT MAY BE TERMINATED BY YOU AT ANY TIME BY SENDING A
| ||||||
34 | WRITTEN NOTICE VIA CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, TO |
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | YOUR HEALTH
CARE PROVIDER AT THE ADDRESS LISTED BELOW. HEALTH | ||||||
2 | CARE SERVICES PROVIDED TO YOU
AFTER TERMINATION OF THIS | ||||||
3 | AGREEMENT SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO DAMAGE LIMITATIONS
FOR CLAIMS | ||||||
4 | BASED ON ALLEGATIONS OF NEGLIGENCE. ALL HEALTH CARE SERVICES
| ||||||
5 | PROVIDED TO YOU AFTER SIGNING THIS DOCUMENT SHALL BE SUBJECT TO | ||||||
6 | THE LIMITATIONS
FOR DAMAGES CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT AND | ||||||
7 | SHALL OBLIGATE YOU TO PAY THE
DEFENDANTS' LEGAL COSTS AND | ||||||
8 | EXPENSES IF YOU FAIL TO ESTABLISH DEFENDANTS'
LIABILITY AT | ||||||
9 | TRIAL. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT THIS AGREEMENT, YOU SHOULD
| ||||||
10 | CONTACT AN ATTORNEY TO DISCUSS THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF | ||||||
11 | SIGNING THIS
DOCUMENT.
| ||||||
12 | Section 55. Admissibility as evidence. A health care | ||||||
13 | agreement subject to
this Act shall be admissible as evidence | ||||||
14 | in any court, mediation panel,
or arbitration hearing or before | ||||||
15 | any tribunal, board, agency, or person. Any person
challenging | ||||||
16 | the validity of a health care agreement shall have the burden | ||||||
17 | of
proving that the agreement was not voluntarily entered into | ||||||
18 | or that consent to
the agreement was based on willful and | ||||||
19 | wanton fraud or deceit.
| ||||||
20 | Section 60. Threats to health care providers. No person, | ||||||
21 | attorney, agent, or
representative shall orally, or in writing, | ||||||
22 | attempt to coerce, threaten,
intimidate, or extort another | ||||||
23 | person to induce settlement of a medical
negligence lawsuit by | ||||||
24 | referring to, implying, or stating the plaintiff will
seek | ||||||
25 | damages in excess of a health care provider's medical | ||||||
26 | malpractice
liability insurance policy limits. No person, | ||||||
27 | attorney, agent, or representative
shall orally, or in writing, | ||||||
28 | attempt to coerce, threaten, intimidate, or extort
another | ||||||
29 | person to induce settlement of a medical negligence lawsuit by
| ||||||
30 | referring to, implying, or stating the plaintiff will seek the | ||||||
31 | health care
provider's personal assets to satisfy any judgment | ||||||
32 | rendered in a medical
negligence lawsuit. Any person convicted | ||||||
33 | of violating any of the provisions of
this Section 60 is guilty | ||||||
34 | of a Class A misdemeanor.
|
| |||||||
| |||||||
1 | Section 90. The Medical Practice Act of 1987 is amended by
| ||||||
2 | changing Section 29 as follows:
| ||||||
3 | (225 ILCS 60/29)
(from Ch. 111, par. 4400-29)
| ||||||
4 | (Section scheduled to be repealed on January 1, 2007)
| ||||||
5 | Sec. 29. Except as otherwise provided in this Section, any | ||||||
6 | contract or
agreement signed by any
person prior to, or as a | ||||||
7 | condition of, such person receiving
medical treatment in any | ||||||
8 | form, which releases from liability
any physician, hospital or | ||||||
9 | other health care provider for
any malfeasance, misfeasance or | ||||||
10 | nonfeasance in the course of
administering any medical | ||||||
11 | treatment or service is void and
against the public policy of | ||||||
12 | the State of Illinois. A health care agreement
that complies | ||||||
13 | with the Affordable Health Care Act does not violate this | ||||||
14 | Section
and is not void or against the public policy of the | ||||||
15 | State of Illinois.
| ||||||
16 | (Source: P.A. 85-4.)
|