735 ILCS 5/ Code of Civil Procedure.

(735 ILCS 5/Art. I heading) ARTICLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS

(735 ILCS 5/1-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-101)

Sec. 1-101. Short titles.

(a) This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Code of Civil Procedure".

(b) Article II shall be known as the "Civil Practice Law" and may be referred to by that designation.

(c) Article III shall be known as the "Administrative Review Law" and may be referred to by that designation.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-102)

Sec. 1-102. Continuation of prior statutes. The provisions of this Act insofar as they are the same or substantially the same as those of any prior statute, shall be construed as a continuation of such prior statute and not as a new enactment.

If in any other statute reference is made to an Act of the General Assembly, or an Article or a Section of such an Act, which is continued in this Act, such reference shall refer to the Act, Article, or Section thereof so continued in this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-103)

Sec. 1-103. Effect of headings. Article, Part and Section headings contained herein shall not be deemed to govern, limit, modify or in any manner affect the scope, meaning or intent of the provisions of any Article, Part or Section of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-104)

Sec. 1-104. Power of courts to make rules. (a) The Supreme Court of this State has power to make rules of pleading, practice and procedure for the circuit, Appellate and Supreme Courts supplementary to, but not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, and to amend the same, for the purpose of making this Act effective for the convenient administration of justice, and otherwise simplifying judicial procedure, and power to make rules governing pleading, practice and procedure in small claims actions, including service of process in connection therewith. Unless otherwise indicated by the text, references in this Act to rules are to rules of the Supreme Court.

(b) Subject to the rules of the Supreme Court, the circuit and Appellate Courts may make rules regulating their dockets, calendars, and business.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-105)

Sec. 1-105. Enforcement of Act and rules. The Supreme Court may provide by rule for the orderly and expeditious administration and enforcement of this Act and of the rules, including the striking of pleadings, the dismissal of claims, the entry of defaults, the assessment of costs, the assessment against an offending party of the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, which any violation causes another party to incur, or other action that may be appropriate.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-106)

Sec. 1-106. Act to be liberally construed. This Act shall be liberally construed, to the end that controversies may be speedily and finally determined according to the substantive rights of the parties. The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law must be strictly construed does not apply to this Act or to the rules made in relation thereto.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-107)

Sec. 1-107. Appeals. Appeals may be taken as provided for civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-108)

Sec. 1-108. Civil Practice Law applies. (a) The provisions of Article II of this Act apply to all proceedings covered by Articles III through XIX of this Act except as otherwise provided in each of the Articles III through XIX, respectively.

(b) In proceedings in which the procedure is regulated by statutes other than those contained in this Act, such other statutes control to the extent to which they regulate procedure but Article II of this Act applies to matters of procedure not regulated by such other statutes.

(c) As to all matters not regulated by statute or rule of court, the practice at common law prevails.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/1-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 1-109)

Sec. 1-109. Verification by certification. Unless otherwise expressly provided by rule of the Supreme Court, whenever in this Code any complaint, petition, answer, reply, bill of particulars, answer to interrogatories, affidavit, return or proof of service, or other document or pleading filed in any court of this State is required or permitted to be verified, or made, sworn to or verified under oath, such requirement or permission is hereby defined to include a certification of such pleading, affidavit or other document under penalty of perjury as provided in this Section.

Whenever any such pleading, affidavit or other document is so certified, the several matters stated shall be stated positively or upon information and belief only, according to the fact. The person or persons having knowledge of the matters stated in a pleading, affidavit or other document certified in accordance with this Section shall subscribe to a certification in substantially the following form: Under penalties as provided by law pursuant to Section 1-109 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the undersigned certifies that the statements set forth in this instrument are true and correct, except as to matters therein stated to be on information and belief and as to such matters the undersigned certifies as aforesaid that he verily believes the same to be true.

Any pleading, affidavit, or other document certified in accordance with this Section may be used in the same manner and with the same force and effect as though subscribed and sworn to under oath, and there is no further requirement that the pleading, affidavit, or other document be sworn before an authorized person.

Any person who makes a false statement, material to the issue or point in question, which he does not believe to be true, in any pleading, affidavit or other document certified by such person in accordance with this Section shall be guilty of a Class 3 felony.

(Source: P.A. 100-1086, eff. 1-1-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II heading) ARTICLE II CIVIL PRACTICE

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. Venue

(735 ILCS 5/2-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-101)

Sec. 2-101. Generally. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, every action must be commenced (1) in the county of residence of any defendant who is joined in good faith and with probable cause for the purpose of obtaining a judgment against him or her and not solely for the purpose of fixing venue in that county, or (2) in the county in which the transaction or some part thereof occurred out of which the cause of action arose.

If a check, draft, money order, or other instrument for the payment of child support payable to or delivered to the State Disbursement Unit established under Section 10-26 of the Illinois Public Aid Code is returned by the bank or depository for any reason, venue for the enforcement of any criminal proceedings or civil cause of action for recovery and attorney fees shall be in the county where the principal office of the State Disbursement Unit is located.

If all defendants are nonresidents of the State, an action may be commenced in any county.

If the corporate limits of a city, village or town extend into more than one county, then the venue of an action or proceeding instituted by that municipality to enforce any fine, imprisonment, penalty or forfeiture for violation of any ordinance of that municipality, regardless of the county in which the violation was committed or occurred, may be in the appropriate court (i) in the county wherein the office of the clerk of the municipality is located or (ii) in any county in which at least 35% of the territory within the municipality's corporate limits is located.

(Source: P.A. 91-212, eff. 7-20-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-101.5)

Sec. 2-101.5. Venue in actions asserting constitutional claims against the State.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Code, if an action is brought against the State or any of its officers, employees, or agents acting in an official capacity on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly seeking declaratory or injunctive relief against any State statute, rule, or executive order based on an alleged violation of the Constitution of the State of Illinois or the Constitution of the United States, venue in that action is proper only in the County of Sangamon and the County of Cook.

(b) The doctrine of forum non conveniens does not apply to actions subject to this Section.

(c) As used in this Section, "State" has the meaning given to that term in Section 1 of the State Employee Indemnification Act.

(d) The provisions of this Section do not apply to claims arising out of collective bargaining disputes between the State of Illinois and the representatives of its employees.

(Source: P.A. 103-5, eff. 6-6-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-102)

Sec. 2-102. Residence of corporations, voluntary unincorporated associations and partnerships defined. For purposes of venue, the following definitions apply:

(a) Any private corporation or railroad or bridge company, organized under the laws of this State, and any foreign corporation authorized to transact business in this State is a resident of any county in which it has its registered office or other office or is doing business. A foreign corporation not authorized to transact business in this State is a nonresident of this State.

(b) A partnership sued in its firm name is a resident of any county in which any partner resides or in which the partnership has an office or is doing business. A partnership sued in its firm name, of which all partners are nonresidents of this State and which does not have an office or do business in this State, is a nonresident of this State.

(c) A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name is a resident of any county in which the association has an office or, if on due inquiry no office can be found, in which any officer of the association resides. A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name, of which all its members are nonresidents of this State and which does not have an office or do business in this State, is a nonresident of this State.

(Source: P.A. 83-901.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-103)

Sec. 2-103. Public corporations - Local actions - Libel - Insurance companies.

(a) Actions must be brought against a public, municipal, governmental or quasi-municipal corporation in the county in which its principal office is located or in the county in which the transaction or some part thereof occurred out of which the cause of action arose. Except as otherwise provided in Section 7-102 of this Code, if the cause of action is related to an airport owned by a unit of local government or the property or aircraft operations thereof, however, including an action challenging the constitutionality of this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly, the action must be brought in the county in which the unit of local government's principal office is located. Actions to recover damage to real estate which may be overflowed or otherwise damaged by reason of any act of the corporation may be brought in the county where the real estate or some part of it is situated, or in the county where the corporation is located, at the option of the party claiming to be injured. Except as otherwise provided in Section 7-102 of this Code, any cause of action that is related to an airport owned by a unit of local government, and that is pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly in a county other than the county in which the unit of local government's principal office is located, shall be transferred, upon motion of any party under Section 2-106 of this Code, to the county in which the unit of local government's principal office is located.

(b) Any action to quiet title to real estate, or to partition or recover possession thereof or to foreclose a mortgage or other lien thereon, must be brought in the county in which the real estate or some part of it is situated.

(c) Any action which is made local by any statute must be brought in the county designated in the statute.

(d) Every action against any owner, publisher, editor, author or printer of a newspaper or magazine of general circulation for libel contained in that newspaper or magazine may be commenced only in the county in which the defendant resides or has his, her or its principal office or in which the article was composed or printed, except when the defendant resides or the article was printed without this State, in either of which cases the action may be commenced in any county in which the libel was circulated or published.

(e) Actions against any insurance company incorporated under the law of this State or doing business in this State may also be brought in any county in which the plaintiff or one of the plaintiffs may reside.

(Source: P.A. 93-450, eff. 8-6-03.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-104)

Sec. 2-104. Wrong venue - Waiver - Motion to transfer. (a) No order or judgment is void because rendered in the wrong venue, except in case of judgment by confession as provided in subsection (c) of Section 2-1301 of this Act. No action shall abate or be dismissed because commenced in the wrong venue if there is a proper venue to which the cause may be transferred.

(b) All objections of improper venue are waived by a defendant unless a motion to transfer to a proper venue is made by the defendant on or before the date upon which he or she is required to appear or within any further time that may be granted him or her to answer or move with respect to the complaint, except that if a defendant upon whose residence venue depends is dismissed upon motion of plaintiff, a remaining defendant may promptly move for transfer as though the dismissed defendant had not been a party.

(c) Motions for transfer to a proper venue may be supported and opposed by affidavit. In determining issues of fact raised by affidavits, any competent evidence adduced by the parties shall also be considered. The determination of any issue of fact in connection with a motion to transfer does not constitute a determination of the merits of the case or any aspect thereof.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-105)

Sec. 2-105. Defendants in different counties - Review. In any action involving defendants residing in different counties in which venue is based on residence and an appropriate and timely motion to transfer is made by a defendant not residing in the county, the overruling of the motion is not ground for reversal if he or she proceeds to trial on the merits, unless he or she renews the motion at the close of all the evidence and it appears from the record or the evidence that the defendant residing within the county was joined without probable cause and not in good faith for the purpose of obtaining a judgment against him or her but solely for the purpose of fixing venue in that county.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-106)

Sec. 2-106. Transfer. (a) Transfer for wrong venue. If a motion to transfer is allowed on the ground that the action was commenced in a wrong venue, the cause shall be transferred to the court in a proper venue, subject to any equitable terms and conditions that may be prescribed.

(b) Method of transfer. The clerk of the court from which a transfer is granted shall immediately certify and transmit to the clerk of the court to which the transfer is ordered the originals of all papers filed in the case together with copies of all orders entered therein. In the event of a severance, certified copies of papers filed and orders entered shall be transmitted. The clerk of the court to which the transfer is ordered shall file the papers and transcript transmitted to him or her and docket the case, and the action shall proceed and be determined as if it had originated in that court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-107)

Sec. 2-107. Costs and expenses of transfer. The costs attending a transfer shall be taxed by the clerk of the court from which the transfer is granted, and, together with the filing fee in the transferee court, shall be paid by plaintiff. If the court granting the transfer finds that venue was fixed by plaintiff in bad faith and without probable cause, then it may order the reasonable expenses of defendant in attending and obtaining a transfer to a proper venue, including a reasonable attorney's fee, to be paid by plaintiff. If the costs and expenses are not paid within a reasonable time, the transferring court shall on motion dismiss the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-108)

Sec. 2-108. Place of trial. All actions shall be tried in the county in which they are commenced, except as otherwise provided by law.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-109)

Sec. 2-109. Malicious prosecution - medical malpractice. In all cases alleging malicious prosecution arising out of proceedings which sought damages for injuries or death by reason of medical, hospital, or other healing art malpractice, the plaintiff need not plead or prove special injury to sustain his or her cause of action. In all such cases alleging malicious prosecution, no exemplary or punitive damages shall be allowed.

(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Process

(735 ILCS 5/2-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-201)

Sec. 2-201. Commencement of actions - Forms of process.

(a) Every action, unless otherwise expressly provided by statute, shall be commenced by the filing of a complaint. The clerk shall issue summons upon request of the plaintiff. The form and substance of the summons, and of all other process, and the issuance of alias process, and the service of copies of pleadings shall be according to rules.

(b) One or more duplicate original summonses may be issued, marked "First Duplicate," "Second Duplicate," etc., as the case may be, whenever it will facilitate the service of summons in any one or more counties, including the county of venue.

(c) A court's jurisdiction is not affected by a technical error in format of a summons if the summons has been issued by a clerk of the court, the person or entity to be served is identified as a defendant on the summons, and the summons is properly served. This subsection is declarative of existing law.

(Source: P.A. 100-1048, eff. 8-23-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-202) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-202)

(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 103-671)

Sec. 2-202. Persons authorized to serve process; place of service; failure to make return.

(a) Process shall be served by a sheriff, or if the sheriff is disqualified, by a coroner of some county of the State. In matters where the county or State is an interested party, process may be served by a special investigator appointed by the State's Attorney of the county, as defined in Section 3-9005 of the Counties Code. A sheriff of a county with a population of less than 2,000,000 may employ civilian personnel to serve process. In counties with a population of less than 2,000,000, process may be served, without special appointment, by a person who is licensed or registered as a private detective under the Private Detective, Private Alarm, Private Security, Fingerprint Vendor, and Locksmith Act of 2004 or by a registered employee of a private detective agency certified under that Act as defined in Section (a-5). A private detective or licensed employee must supply the sheriff of any county in which he serves process with a copy of his license or certificate; however, the failure of a person to supply the copy shall not in any way impair the validity of process served by the person. The court may, in its discretion upon motion, order service to be made by a private person over 18 years of age and not a party to the action. It is not necessary that service be made by a sheriff or coroner of the county in which service is made. If served or sought to be served by a sheriff or coroner, he or she shall endorse his or her return thereon, and if by a private person the return shall be by affidavit.

(a-5) Upon motion and in its discretion, the court may appoint as a special process server a private detective agency certified under the Private Detective, Private Alarm, Private Security, Fingerprint Vendor, and Locksmith Act of 2004. Under the appointment, any employee of the private detective agency who is registered under that Act may serve the process. The motion and the order of appointment must contain the number of the certificate issued to the private detective agency by the Department of Professional Regulation under the Private Detective, Private Alarm, Private Security, Fingerprint Vendor, and Locksmith Act of 2004. A private detective or private detective agency shall send, one time only, a copy of his, her, or its individual private detective license or private detective agency certificate to the county sheriff in each county in which the detective or detective agency or his, her, or its employees serve process, regardless of the size of the population of the county. As long as the license or certificate is valid and meets the requirements of the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, a new copy of the current license or certificate need not be sent to the sheriff. A private detective agency shall maintain a list of its registered employees. Registered employees shall consist of:

(1) an employee who works for the agency holding a valid Permanent Employee Registration Card;

(2) a person who has applied for a Permanent Employee Registration Card, has had his or her fingerprints processed and cleared by the Illinois State Police and the FBI, and as to whom the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation website shows that the person's application for a Permanent Employee Registration Card is pending;

(3) a person employed by a private detective agency who is exempt from a Permanent Employee Registration Card requirement because the person is a current peace officer; and

(4) a private detective who works for a private detective agency as an employee.

A detective agency shall maintain this list and forward it to any sheriff's department that requests this list within 5 business days after the receipt of the request.

(b) Summons may be served upon the defendants wherever they may be found in the State, by any person authorized to serve process. An officer may serve summons in his or her official capacity outside his or her county, but fees for mileage outside the county of the officer cannot be taxed as costs. The person serving the process in a foreign county may make return by mail.

(c) If any sheriff, coroner, or other person to whom any process is delivered, neglects or refuses to make return of the same, the plaintiff may petition the court to enter a rule requiring the sheriff, coroner, or other person, to make return of the process on a day to be fixed by the court, or to show cause on that day why that person should not be attached for contempt of the court. The plaintiff shall then cause a written notice of the rule to be served on the sheriff, coroner, or other person. If good and sufficient cause be not shown to excuse the officer or other person, the court shall adjudge him or her guilty of a contempt, and shall impose punishment as in other cases of contempt.

(d) Except as provided in Sections 1-19, 3-17, 4-14, and 5-252 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987, if process is served by a sheriff, coroner, or special investigator appointed by the State's Attorney, the court may tax the fee of the sheriff, coroner, or State's Attorney's special investigator as costs in the proceeding. If process is served by a private person or entity, the court may establish a fee therefor and tax such fee as costs in the proceedings.

(e) In addition to the powers stated in Section 8.1a of the Housing Authorities Act, in counties with a population of 3,000,000 or more inhabitants, members of a housing authority police force may serve process for eviction actions commenced by that housing authority and may execute eviction orders for that housing authority.

(f) In counties with a population of 3,000,000 or more, process may be served, with special appointment by the court, by a private process server or a law enforcement agency other than the county sheriff in proceedings instituted under Article IX of this Code as a result of a lessor or lessor's assignee declaring a lease void pursuant to Section 11 of the Controlled Substance and Cannabis Nuisance Act.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 103-379, eff. 7-28-23.)

(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 103-671)

Sec. 2-202. Persons authorized to serve process; place of service; failure to make return.

(a) Process shall be served by a sheriff, or if the sheriff is disqualified, by a coroner of some county of the State. In matters where the county or State is an interested party, process may be served by a special investigator appointed by the State's Attorney of the county, as defined in Section 3-9005 of the Counties Code. A sheriff of a county with a population of less than 2,000,000 may employ civilian personnel to serve process. Process may be served by a person who is licensed or registered as a private detective under the Private Detective, Private Alarm, Private Security, Fingerprint Vendor, and Locksmith Act of 2004 or by a registered employee of a private detective agency certified under that Act. A private detective or licensed employee must supply the sheriff of any county in which he serves process with a copy of his license or certificate; however, the failure of a person to supply the copy shall not in any way impair the validity of process served by the person. The court may, in its discretion upon motion, order service to be made by a private person over 18 years of age and not a party to the action. It is not necessary that service be made by a sheriff or coroner of the county in which service is made. If served or sought to be served by a sheriff or coroner, he or she shall endorse his or her return thereon, and if by a private person the return shall be by affidavit. In a county of 3,000,000 or more, any person who is licensed or registered as a private detective under the Private Detective, Private Alarm, Private Security, Fingerprint Vendor, and Locksmith Act of 2004 or by a registered employee of a private detective agency certified under that Act and hired to serve summons shall remit $5 of each service fee to the county sheriff.

(a-5) A private detective or private detective agency shall send, one time only, a copy of his, her, or its individual private detective license or private detective agency certificate to the county sheriff in each county in which the detective or detective agency or his, her, or its employees serve process, regardless of the size of the population of the county. As long as the license or certificate is valid and meets the requirements of the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, a new copy of the current license or certificate need not be sent to the sheriff. A private detective agency shall maintain a list of its registered employees. Registered employees shall consist of:

(1) an employee who works for the agency holding a valid Permanent Employee Registration Card;

(2) a person who has applied for a Permanent Employee Registration Card, has had his or her fingerprints processed and cleared by the Illinois State Police and the FBI, and as to whom the Department of Financial and Professional Regulation website shows that the person's application for a Permanent Employee Registration Card is pending;

(3) a person employed by a private detective agency who is exempt from a Permanent Employee Registration Card requirement because the person is a current peace officer; and

(4) a private detective who works for a private detective agency as an employee.

A detective agency shall maintain this list and forward it to any sheriff's department that requests this list within 5 business days after the receipt of the request.

(b) Summons may be served upon the defendants wherever they may be found in the State, by any person authorized to serve process. An officer may serve summons in his or her official capacity outside his or her county, but fees for mileage outside the county of the officer cannot be taxed as costs. The person serving the process in a foreign county may make return by mail.

(c) If any sheriff, coroner, or other person to whom any process is delivered, neglects or refuses to make return of the same, the plaintiff may petition the court to enter a rule requiring the sheriff, coroner, or other person, to make return of the process on a day to be fixed by the court, or to show cause on that day why that person should not be attached for contempt of the court. The plaintiff shall then cause a written notice of the rule to be served on the sheriff, coroner, or other person. If good and sufficient cause be not shown to excuse the officer or other person, the court shall adjudge him or her guilty of a contempt, and shall impose punishment as in other cases of contempt.

(d) Except as provided in Sections 1-19, 3-17, 4-14, and 5-252 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987, if process is served by a sheriff, coroner, or special investigator appointed by the State's Attorney, the court may tax the fee of the sheriff, coroner, or State's Attorney's special investigator as costs in the proceeding. If process is served by a private person or entity, the court may establish a fee therefor and tax such fee as costs in the proceedings.

(e) In addition to the powers stated in Section 8.1a of the Housing Authorities Act, in counties with a population of 3,000,000 or more inhabitants, members of a housing authority police force may serve process for eviction actions commenced by that housing authority and may execute eviction orders for that housing authority.

(f) In counties with a population of 3,000,000 or more, process may be served, with special appointment by the court, by a private process server or a law enforcement agency other than the county sheriff in proceedings instituted under Article IX of this Code as a result of a lessor or lessor's assignee declaring a lease void pursuant to Section 11 of the Controlled Substance and Cannabis Nuisance Act.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 103-379, eff. 7-28-23; 103-671, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-203) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-203)

Sec. 2-203. Service on individuals.

(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided, service of summons upon an individual defendant shall be made (1) by leaving a copy of the summons with the defendant personally, (2) by leaving a copy at the defendant's usual place of abode, with some person of the family or a person residing there, of the age of 13 years or upwards, and informing that person of the contents of the summons, provided the officer or other person making service shall also send a copy of the summons in a sealed envelope with postage fully prepaid, addressed to the defendant at his or her usual place of abode, or (3) as provided in Section 1-2-9.2 of the Illinois Municipal Code with respect to violation of an ordinance governing parking or standing of vehicles in cities with a population over 500,000. The certificate of the officer or affidavit of the person that he or she has sent the copy in pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so. No employee of a facility licensed under the Nursing Home Care Act, the Specialized Mental Health Rehabilitation Act of 2013, the ID/DD Community Care Act, or the MC/DD Act shall obstruct an officer or other person making service in compliance with this Section. An employee of a gated residential community shall grant entry into the community, including its common areas and common elements, to a process server authorized under Section 2-202 of this Code who is attempting to serve process on a defendant or witness who resides within or is known to be within the community. As used in this Section, "gated residential community" includes a condominium association, housing cooperative, or private community.

(b) The officer, in his or her certificate or in a record filed and maintained in the Sheriff's office, or other person making service, in his or her affidavit or in a record filed and maintained in his or her employer's office, shall (1) identify as to sex, race, and approximate age the defendant or other person with whom the summons was left and (2) state the place where (whenever possible in terms of an exact street address) and the date and time of the day when the summons was left with the defendant or other person.

(c) Any person who knowingly sets forth in the certificate or affidavit any false statement, shall be liable in civil contempt. When the court holds a person in civil contempt under this Section, it shall award such damages as it determines to be just and, when the contempt is prosecuted by a private attorney, may award reasonable attorney's fees.

(Source: P.A. 98-104, eff. 7-22-13; 98-966, eff. 1-1-15; 99-180, eff. 7-29-15.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-203.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-203.1)

Sec. 2-203.1. Service by special order of court. If service upon an individual defendant is impractical under items (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of Section 2-203, the plaintiff may move, without notice, that the court enter an order directing a comparable method of service. The motion shall be accompanied with an affidavit stating the nature and extent of the investigation made to determine the whereabouts of the defendant and the reasons why service is impractical under items (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of Section 2-203, including a specific statement showing that a diligent inquiry as to the location of the individual defendant was made and reasonable efforts to make service have been unsuccessful. The court may order service to be made in any manner consistent with due process.

(Source: P.A. 87-1165.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-203.2)

Sec. 2-203.2. Service on an inmate. For the security of a correctional institution or facility or jail, a process server may be refused entry into that correctional institution or facility or jail. Each correctional institution or facility or jail shall designate a representative to accept service from a licensed or registered private detective or agency for purposes of effectuating service upon an inmate in the custody of the institution, facility, or jail. With respect to an inmate incarcerated in an Illinois Department of Corrections facility, the process server shall contact the chief administrative officer in advance to arrange and designate the time and date, during regularly scheduled business hours, that the facility representative will meet with and accept service from the process server. Service upon a warden's or sheriff's representative shall constitute substitute service and a mailing to the inmate of the process shall be completed by the server in accordance with Section 2-202. A warden's or sheriff's representative accepting substitute service shall forward the process to the inmate, but if for any reason the process is not forwarded to the inmate, the sheriff, sheriff's representative, warden, or warden's representative shall not be responsible for any civil fine or penalty, or have other liability. If for any reason an inmate is not in the correctional institution or facility or jail at the time of the service of process, a warden's or sheriff's representative may refuse to accept service for the inmate. If it is determined after the process has been left with the designated representative, that the inmate is not present at that institution or facility or jail, the designated representative shall promptly return it to the licensed or registered private detective or agency, indicating that the substitute service could not be effectuated. The process server shall promptly notify the court of the unsuccessful service.

(Source: P.A. 96-1451, eff. 8-20-10.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-204) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-204)

Sec. 2-204. Service on private corporations. A private corporation may be served (1) by leaving a copy of the process with its registered agent or any officer or agent of the corporation found anywhere in the State; or (2) in any other manner now or hereafter permitted by law. A private corporation may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-205) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-205)

Sec. 2-205. Service on partnership and partners. (a) A partnership sued in its firm name may be served by leaving a copy of the process with any partner personally or with any agent of the partnership found anywhere in the State. A partnership sued in its firm name may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

(b) When a personal judgment is sought against a known partner for a partnership liability the partner may be served (1) in any manner provided for service on individuals or (2) by leaving a copy of the summons for him or her with any other partner and mailing a copy of the summons in a sealed envelope with postage prepaid, addressed to the partner against whom the judgment is sought at his or her usual place of abode as shown by an affidavit filed in the cause. The certificate of the officer or the affidavit of the other person making service that he or she has mailed the copy in pursuance of this section is evidence that he or she has done so. Service on a nonresident partner against whom a personal judgment is sought may be made by leaving a copy with any other partner, and mailing, as provided herein, only if the cause of action sued on is a partnership liability arising out of the transaction of business within the State.

(c) When a personal judgment is sought against an unknown owner in an action authorized under Section 6 of "An Act in relation to the use of an assumed name in the conduct or transaction of business in this State", approved July 17, 1941, as amended, service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons with any agent of the business and publishing notice in the manner provided by Section 2-206 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-205.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-205.1)

Sec. 2-205.1. Service on voluntary unincorporated associations. A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name may be served by leaving a copy of the process with any officer of the association personally or by leaving a copy of the process at the office of the association with an agent of the association. A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

(Source: P.A. 83-901.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-206) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-206)

Sec. 2-206. Service by publication; affidavit; mailing; certificate.

(a) Whenever, in any action affecting property or status within the jurisdiction of the court, including an action to obtain the specific performance, reformation, or rescission of a contract for the conveyance of land, except for an action brought under Part 15 of Article XV of this Code that is subject to subsection (a-5), the plaintiff or his or her attorney shall file, at the office of the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, an affidavit showing that the defendant resides or has gone out of this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State, so that process cannot be served upon him or her, and stating the place of residence of the defendant, if known, or that upon diligent inquiry his or her place of residence cannot be ascertained, the clerk shall cause publication to be made in some newspaper published in the county in which the action is pending. If there is no newspaper published in that county, then the publication shall be in a newspaper published in an adjoining county in this State, having a circulation in the county in which action is pending. The publication shall contain notice of the pendency of the action, the title of the court, the title of the case, showing the names of the first named plaintiff and the first named defendant, the number of the case, the names of the parties to be served by publication, and the date on or after which default may be entered against such party. The clerk shall also, within 10 days of the first publication of the notice, send a copy thereof by mail, addressed to each defendant whose place of residence is stated in such affidavit. The certificate of the clerk that he or she has sent the copy in pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so.

(a-5) If, in any action brought under Part 15 of Article XV of this Code, the plaintiff, or his or her attorney, shall file, at the office of the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, an affidavit showing that the defendant resides outside of or has left this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State so that process cannot be served upon him or her, and stating the place of residence of the defendant, if known, or that upon diligent inquiry his or her place of residence cannot be ascertained, the plaintiff, or his or her attorney, shall cause publication to be made in some newspaper published in the county in which the action is pending. If there is no newspaper published in that county, then the publication shall be in a newspaper published in an adjoining county in this State, having a circulation in the county in which action is pending. The publication shall contain notice of the pendency of the action, the title of the court, the title of the case, showing the names of the first named plaintiff and the first named defendant, the number of the case, the names of the parties to be served by publication, and the date on or after which default may be entered against such party. It shall be the non-delegable duty of the plaintiff, or his or her attorney, within 10 days of the first publication of the notice, to send a copy thereof by mail, addressed to each defendant whose place of residence is stated in such affidavit. The certificate of the plaintiff, or his or her attorney, that he or she has sent the copy in pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so. A copy of the certificate shall be filed at the office of the clerk of the court where the action is pending.

(b) In any action brought by a unit of local government to cause the demolition, repair, or enclosure of a dangerous and unsafe or uncompleted or abandoned building, notice by publication under this Section may be commenced during the time during which attempts are made to locate the defendant for personal service. In that case, the unit of local government shall file with the clerk an affidavit stating that the action meets the requirements of this subsection and that all required attempts are being made to locate the defendant. Upon the filing of the affidavit, the clerk shall cause publication to be made under this Section. Upon completing the attempts to locate the defendant required by this Section, the municipality shall file with the clerk an affidavit meeting the requirements of subsection (a). Service under this subsection shall not be deemed to have been made until the affidavit is filed and service by publication in the manner prescribed in subsection (a) is completed.

(Source: P.A. 101-539, eff. 1-1-20; 102-156, eff. 1-1-22; 102-558, eff. 8-20-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-207) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-207)

Sec. 2-207. Period of Publication - Default. The notice required in the preceding section may be given at any time after the commencement of the action, and shall be published at least once in each week for 3 successive weeks. No default or proceeding shall be taken against any defendant not served with summons, or a copy of the complaint, and not appearing, unless the first publication be at least 30 days prior to the time when the default or other proceeding is sought to be taken.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-208) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-208)

Sec. 2-208. Personal service outside State. (a) Personal service of summons may be made upon any party outside the State. If upon a citizen or resident of this State or upon a person who has submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State, it shall have the force and effect of personal service of summons within this State; otherwise it shall have the force and effect of service by publication.

(b) The service of summons shall be made in like manner as service within this State, by any person over 18 years of age not a party to the action. No order of court is required. An affidavit of the server shall be filed stating the time, manner and place of service. The court may consider the affidavit, or any other competent proofs, in determining whether service has been properly made.

(c) No default shall be entered until the expiration of at least 30 days after service. A default judgment entered on such service may be set aside only on a showing which would be timely and sufficient to set aside a default judgment entered on personal service within this State.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-209) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-209)

Sec. 2-209. Act submitting to jurisdiction - Process.

(a) Any person, whether or not a citizen or resident of this State, who in person or through an agent does any of the acts hereinafter enumerated, thereby submits such person, and, if an individual, his or her personal representative, to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State as to any cause of action arising from the doing of any of such acts:

(1) The transaction of any business within this State;

(2) The commission of a tortious act within this State;

(3) The ownership, use, or possession of any real estate situated in this State;

(4) Contracting to insure any person, property or risk located within this State at the time of contracting;

(5) With respect to actions of dissolution of marriage, declaration of invalidity of marriage and legal separation, the maintenance in this State of a matrimonial domicile at the time this cause of action arose or the commission in this State of any act giving rise to the cause of action;

(6) With respect to actions brought under the Illinois Parentage Act of 1984, as now or hereafter amended, or under the Illinois Parentage Act of 2015 on and after the effective date of that Act, the performance of an act of sexual intercourse within this State during the possible period of conception;

(7) The making or performance of any contract or promise substantially connected with this State;

(8) The performance of sexual intercourse within this State which is claimed to have resulted in the conception of a child who resides in this State;

(9) The failure to support a child, spouse or former spouse who has continued to reside in this State since the person either formerly resided with them in this State or directed them to reside in this State;

(10) The acquisition of ownership, possession or control of any asset or thing of value present within this State when ownership, possession or control was acquired;

(11) The breach of any fiduciary duty within this State;

(12) The performance of duties as a director or officer of a corporation organized under the laws of this State or having its principal place of business within this State;

(13) The ownership of an interest in any trust administered within this State; or

(14) The exercise of powers granted under the authority of this State as a fiduciary.

(b) A court may exercise jurisdiction in any action arising within or without this State against any person who:

(1) Is a natural person present within this State when served;

(2) Is a natural person domiciled or resident within this State when the cause of action arose, the action was commenced, or process was served;

(3) Is a corporation organized under the laws of this State; or

(4) Is a natural person or corporation doing business within this State.

(b-5) Foreign defamation judgment. The courts of this State shall have personal jurisdiction over any person who obtains a judgment in a defamation proceeding outside the United States against any person who is a resident of Illinois or, if not a natural person, has its principal place of business in Illinois, for the purposes of rendering declaratory relief with respect to that resident's liability for the judgment, or for the purpose of determining whether said judgment should be deemed non-recognizable pursuant to this Code, to the fullest extent permitted by the United States Constitution, provided:

(1) the publication at issue was published in Illinois, and

(2) that resident (i) has assets in Illinois which might be used to satisfy the foreign defamation judgment, or (ii) may have to take actions in Illinois to comply with the foreign defamation judgment.

The provisions of this subsection (b-5) shall apply to persons who obtained judgments in defamation proceedings outside the United States prior to, on, or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly.

(c) A court may also exercise jurisdiction on any other basis now or hereafter permitted by the Illinois Constitution and the Constitution of the United States.

(d) Service of process upon any person who is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State, as provided in this Section, may be made by personally serving the summons upon the defendant outside this State, as provided in this Act, with the same force and effect as though summons had been personally served within this State.

(e) Service of process upon any person who resides or whose business address is outside the United States and who is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State, as provided in this Section, in any action based upon product liability may be made by serving a copy of the summons with a copy of the complaint attached upon the Secretary of State. The summons shall be accompanied by a $5 fee payable to the Secretary of State. The plaintiff shall forthwith mail a copy of the summons, upon which the date of service upon the Secretary is clearly shown, together with a copy of the complaint to the defendant at his or her last known place of residence or business address. Plaintiff shall file with the circuit clerk an affidavit of the plaintiff or his or her attorney stating the last known place of residence or the last known business address of the defendant and a certificate of mailing a copy of the summons and complaint to the defendant at such address as required by this subsection (e). The certificate of mailing shall be prima facie evidence that the plaintiff or his or her attorney mailed a copy of the summons and complaint to the defendant as required. Service of the summons shall be deemed to have been made upon the defendant on the date it is served upon the Secretary and shall have the same force and effect as though summons had been personally served upon the defendant within this State.

(f) Only causes of action arising from acts enumerated herein may be asserted against a defendant in an action in which jurisdiction over him or her is based upon subsection (a).

(g) Nothing herein contained limits or affects the right to serve any process in any other manner now or hereafter provided by law.

(Source: P.A. 99-85, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-209.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-209.1)

Sec. 2-209.1. Actions by and against voluntary associations. A voluntary unincorporated association may sue and be sued in its own name, and may complain and defend in all actions. For the purposes of this Code, "voluntary unincorporated association" means any organization of 2 or more individuals formed for a common purpose, excluding a partnership or corporation.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-210) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-210)

Sec. 2-210. Aircraft and Watercraft. (a) For the purposes of this Section:

"aircraft" means any contrivance now known, or hereafter invented, used or designed for flight in the air;

"watercraft" means any boat, vessel, craft or floating thing designed for navigation in the water; and

"waters of this State" means the Illinois portion of all boundary lakes and rivers, and all lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and canals within the State of Illinois.

(b) The use and operation by any person of an aircraft on the land of or in the air over this State or the use and operation by any person of a watercraft in the waters of this State, shall be deemed an appointment by such person of the Secretary of State, to be his or her true and lawful attorney upon whom may be served all legal process in any action or proceeding against him or her, growing out of such use or resulting in damage or loss to person or property, and such use or operation shall be signification of his or her agreement that any such process against him or her which is so served, shall be of the same legal force and validity as though served upon him or her personally if such person is a nonresident of this State or at the time a cause of action arises is a resident of this State but subsequently becomes a nonresident of this State. Service of such process shall be made by serving a copy upon the Secretary of State, or by filing such copy in his or her office, together with a fee of $2.00, and such service shall be sufficient service upon such person; if notice of such service and a copy of the process are, within 10 days thereafter, sent by registered mail by the plaintiff to the defendant, at the last known address of the defendant, and the plaintiff's affidavit of compliance herewith is appended to the summons. The court in which the action is pending may order such continuances as may be necessary to afford the defendant reasonable opportunity to defend the action. The fee of $2.00 paid by the plaintiff to the Secretary of State at the time of the service shall be taxed in his or her costs, if he or she prevails in the action. The Secretary of State shall keep a record of all such processes, which shall show the day and hours of such services.

(c) When a final judgment is entered against any non-resident defendant who has not received notice of service and a copy of the process by registered mail, required to be sent to him or her as above provided, and such person, his or her heirs, legatees, executor, administrator or other legal representatives, as the case may require, shall within one year after the written notice is given to him or her of such judgment, or within 5 years after such judgment, if no such notice has been given, as above stated, appear and petition the court to be heard regarding such judgment, and shall pay such costs as the court may deem reasonable in that behalf, the person so petitioning may appear and answer the plaintiff's allegations, and thereupon such proceeding shall be had as if the defendant had appeared in due time and no judgment had been entered. If it appears upon the hearing that the judgment ought not to have been entered against the defendant, the judgment may be set aside, altered or amended as shall appear just; otherwise, it shall be ordered that the judgment stands confirmed against such defendant. The judgment shall after 5 years from the entry thereof, if not set aside in the manner stated above, be deemed and adjudged confirmed against such defendant, and all persons claiming under him or her by virtue of any act done subsequent to the commencement of such action, and at the end of the 5 years, the court may enter such further orders as shall be required for the enforcement of the judgment.

(Source: P.A. 84-549.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-211) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-211)

Sec. 2-211. Service on public, municipal, governmental and quasi-municipal corporations. In actions against public, municipal, governmental or quasi-municipal corporations, summons may be served by leaving a copy with the chairperson of the county board or county clerk in the case of a county, with the mayor or city clerk in the case of a city, with the president of the board of trustees or village clerk in the case of a village, with the supervisor or town clerk in the case of a town, and with the president or clerk or other officer corresponding thereto in the case of any other public, municipal, governmental or quasi-municipal corporation or body.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-212) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-212)

Sec. 2-212. Service on trustee of corporation or receiver. Any trustee of a corporation or its property or any receiver may be served with summons (1) in any manner provided for service on individuals or corporations, as is appropriate, or (2) by leaving a copy thereof with any agent in the employ of the trustee or receiver anywhere in the State. The trustee or receiver may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-213) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-213)

Sec. 2-213. Waiver of service.

(a) Notice and request for waiver. A plaintiff may notify a defendant of the commencement of an action and request that the defendant waive service of a summons. The notice and request shall be in writing in a form prescribed by Supreme Court rule. The notice and request shall:

(1) be addressed to an individual who is the defendant or who could be served as representative of an entity that is the defendant;

(2) be dispatched through first class U.S. mail or other equally reliable means;

(3) contain a copy of the complaint and identify the court in which it has been filed;

(4) inform the defendant of the consequences of compliance and of a failure to comply with the request;

(5) allow the defendant a reasonable time to return the waiver, which shall be at least (i) 30 days from the date on which the request is sent or (ii) 60 days if the defendant is addressed outside the United States; and

(6) provide the defendant with an extra copy of the notice and request and prepaid means of compliance in writing.

(b) Limits on waiver. A defendant who waives service of a summons in the manner provided in subsection (a) does not thereby waive any objection to the venue or to the jurisdiction of the court over the person of the defendant.

(c) Time to appear or answer. A defendant who returns a timely waiver of service is not required to appear or serve an answer to the complaint until (i) 60 days from the date on which the request for waiver of service was sent or (ii) 90 days if the defendant was addressed outside of the United States.

(d) Effect of filing. When a waiver of service is filed by the plaintiff with the court, the action shall proceed as if a summons and complaint had been served at the time of filing of the waiver, and no proof of service shall be required.

(e) Right to refuse to waive service; effect of refusal. A defendant may refuse to waive service of a summons. If a defendant does not return the waiver provided for in subsection (a), the plaintiff must serve summons on that defendant as otherwise provided by this Code and Supreme Court rules.

(Source: P.A. 87-352.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 3 heading) Part 3. Appearance

(735 ILCS 5/2-301) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-301)

Sec. 2-301. Objections to jurisdiction over the person.

(a) Prior to the filing of any other pleading or motion other than as set forth in subsection (a-6), a party may object to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person, either on the ground that the party is not amenable to process of a court of this State or on the ground of insufficiency of process or insufficiency of service of process, by filing a motion to dismiss the entire proceeding or any cause of action involved in the proceeding or by filing a motion to quash service of process. Such a motion may be made singly or included with others in a combined motion, but the parts of a combined motion must be identified in the manner described in Section 2-619.1. Unless the facts that constitute the basis for the objection are apparent from papers already on file in the case, the motion must be supported by an affidavit setting forth those facts.

(a-5) (Blank).

(a-6) A party filing any other pleading or motion prior to the filing of a motion objecting to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person as set forth in subsection (a) waives all objections to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person prospectively, unless the initial motion filed is one of the following:

(1) A motion for an extension of time to answer or otherwise plead.

(2) A motion filed under Section 2-1301, 2-1401, or 2-1401.1.

Any motion objecting to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person as set forth in subsection (a) shall be filed within 60 days of the court's order disposing of the initial motion filed under Section 2-1301, 2-1401, or 2-1401.1. Nothing in this subsection precludes a party from filing a motion under subsection (a) combined with a motion under Section 2-1301, 2-1401, or 2-1401.1. If such a combined motion is filed, any objection to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person is not waived.

(b) In disposing of a motion objecting to the court's jurisdiction over the person of the objecting party, the court shall consider all matters apparent from the papers on file in the case, affidavits submitted by any party, and any evidence adduced upon contested issues of fact. The court shall enter an appropriate order sustaining or overruling the objection. No determination of any issue of fact in connection with the objection is a determination of the merits of the case or any aspect thereof. A decision adverse to the objector does not preclude the objector from making any motion or defense which he or she might otherwise have made.

(c) Error in ruling against the objecting party on the objection is waived by the party's taking part in further proceedings unless the objection is on the ground that the party is not amenable to process issued by a court of this State.

(Source: P.A. 100-291, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 4 heading) Part 4. Parties

(735 ILCS 5/2-401) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-401)

Sec. 2-401. Designation of parties - Misnomer. (a) The party commencing an action shall be called the plaintiff. The adverse party shall be called the defendant.

(b) Misnomer of a party is not a ground for dismissal but the name of any party may be corrected at any time, before or after judgment, on motion, upon any terms and proof that the court requires.

(c) A party shall set forth in the body of his or her pleading the names of all parties for and against whom relief is sought thereby.

(d) Unless a contrary meaning is indicated, wherever used in this Act and in rules adopted pursuant hereto the term "plaintiff" includes counterclaimants and third-party plaintiffs, and the term "defendant" includes third-party defendants and parties against whom relief is sought by counterclaim.

(e) Upon application and for good cause shown the parties may appear under fictitious names.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-402) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-402)

Sec. 2-402. Respondents in discovery. The plaintiff in any civil action may designate as respondents in discovery in his or her pleading those individuals or other entities, other than the named defendants, believed by the plaintiff to have information essential to the determination of who should properly be named as additional defendants in the action.

Persons or entities so named as respondents in discovery shall be required to respond to discovery by the plaintiff in the same manner as are defendants and may, on motion of the plaintiff, be added as defendants if the evidence discloses the existence of probable cause for such action.

A person or entity named a respondent in discovery may upon his or her own motion be made a defendant in the action, in which case the provisions of this Section are no longer applicable to that person.

A copy of the complaint shall be served on each person or entity named as a respondent in discovery.

Each respondent in discovery shall be paid expenses and fees as provided for witnesses.

A person or entity named as a respondent in discovery in any civil action may be made a defendant in the same action at any time within 6 months after being named as a respondent in discovery, even though the time during which an action may otherwise be initiated against him or her may have expired during such 6 month period. An extension from the original 6-month period for good cause may be granted only once for up to 90 days for (i) withdrawal of plaintiff's counsel or (ii) good cause. Notwithstanding the limitations in this Section, the court may grant additional reasonable extensions from this 6-month period for a failure or refusal on the part of the respondent to comply with timely filed discovery.

The plaintiff shall serve upon the respondent or respondents a copy of the complaint together with a summons in a form substantially as follows:

"STATE OF ILLINOIS

COUNTY OF ..................

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ................ COUNTY, ILLINOIS COUNTY DEPARTMENT, LAW DIVISION (or, In the Circuit Court of the ............ Judicial Circuit) ...................

Plaintiff(s),

v. No.

.................

.................,

Defendant(s),

and PLEASE SERVE:

.................

.................,

Respondent(s) in Discovery.

SUMMONS FOR DISCOVERY

TO RESPONDENT IN DISCOVERY:

YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED that on ................, 20..... , a complaint, a copy of which is attached, was filed in the above Court naming you as a Respondent in Discovery. Pursuant to the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure Section 2-402 and Supreme Court Rules 201 et. seq., and/or Court Order entered on .................................., the above named Plaintiff(s) are authorized to proceed with the discovery of the named Respondent(s) in Discovery.

YOU ARE SUMMONED AND COMMANDED to appear for deposition, before a notary public (answer the attached written interrogatories), (respond to the attached request to produce), (or other appropriate discovery tool).

We are scheduled to take the oral discovery deposition of the above named Respondent, .................................., on ........................, 20..., at the hour of ..... a.m./p.m., at the office ..........................................., Illinois, in accordance with the rules and provisions of this Court. Witness and mileage fees in the amount of ....................... are attached (or)

(serve the following interrogatories, request to produce, or other appropriate discovery tool upon Respondent, ....................... to be answered under oath by Respondent, ............................, and delivered to the office of ................................., Illinois, within 28 days from date of service).

TO THE OFFICER/SPECIAL PROCESS SERVER:

This summons must be returned by the officer or other person to whom it was given for service, with endorsement or affidavit of service and fees and an endorsement or affidavit of payment to the Respondent of witness and mileage fees, if any, immediately after service. If service cannot be made, this summons shall be returned so endorsed.

WITNESS, .....................

..............................

Clerk of Court

Date of Service: .........., 20...

(To be inserted by officer on copy left

with Respondent or other person)

Attorney No.

Name:

Attorney for:

Address:

City/State/Zip:

Telephone:".

This amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly applies to causes of action pending on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 94-582, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-403) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-403)

Sec. 2-403. Who may be plaintiff - Assignments - Subrogation. (a) The assignee and owner of a non-negotiable chose in action may sue thereon in his or her own name. Such person shall in his or her pleading on oath allege that he or she is the actual bona fide owner thereof, and set forth how and when he or she acquired title. The action is subject to any defense or set-off existing before notice of the assignment.

(b) In all cases in which the chose in action consists of wages due or to become due to the assignor thereof from the defendant in the action, at least 5 days' written notice of the pendency of the action shall be served upon the assignor, before the trial of the same. Upon application of the assignor of the chose in action the court shall allow him or her to intervene and be made a party to the action. The assignor, or the defendant to the action on behalf of the assignor, shall be allowed to set up or affirmatively maintain any just setoff, discount or defense which the assignor may have to the assignment of the chose in action, or to the indebtedness, the payment of which is secured by the assignment of the chose in action. The court, by jury or otherwise, shall ascertain the amount of the indebtedness remaining due and unpaid from the assignor to the assignee of the chose in action. The judgment, if any, against the defendant shall not exceed the amount so found to be due and unpaid from the assignor to the assignee of the chose in action. Judgment for the balance, if any, remaining due from the defendant, upon the assigned chose in action, shall be rendered in favor of the assignor and against the defendant in the action or proceeding. The court may enter any order as to costs in the proceeding that may be equitable.

(c) Any action hereafter brought by virtue of the subrogation provision of any contract or by virtue of subrogation by operation of law shall be brought either in the name or for the use of the subrogee; and the subrogee shall in his or her pleading on oath, or by his or her affidavit if pleading is not required, allege that he or she is the actual bona fide subrogee and set forth how and when he or she became subrogee.

(d) A judgment in an action brought and conducted by a subrogee by virtue of the subrogation provision of any contract or by virtue of any subrogation by operation of law, whether in the name of the subrogor or otherwise, is not a bar or a determination on the merits of the case or any aspect thereof in an action by the subrogor to recover upon any other cause of action arising out of the same transaction or series of transactions.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-404) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-404)

Sec. 2-404. Joinder of plaintiffs. All persons may join in one action as plaintiffs, in whom any right to relief in respect of or arising out of the same transaction or series of transactions is alleged to exist, whether jointly, severally or in the alternative, whenever if those persons had brought separate actions any common question of law or fact would arise. If upon the application of any party it shall appear that joinder may embarrass or delay the trial of the action, the court may order separate trials or enter any other order that may be expedient. Judgment may be entered for any one or more of the plaintiffs who may be found to be entitled to relief, for the relief to which he or she or they may be entitled.

If any one who is a necessary plaintiff, counterclaimant or third-party plaintiff declines to join, he or she may be made a defendant, cross defendant or third-party defendant, as the case may be, the reason therefor being stated in the complaint, counterclaim or third-party complaint.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-405) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-405)

Sec. 2-405. Joinder of defendants. (a) Any person may be made a defendant who, either jointly, severally or in the alternative, is alleged to have or claim an interest in the controversy, or in any part thereof, or in the transaction or series of transactions out of which the controversy arose, or whom it is necessary to make a party for the complete determination or settlement of any question involved therein, or against whom a liability is asserted either jointly, severally or in the alternative arising out of the same transaction or series of transactions, regardless of the number of causes of action joined.

(b) It is not necessary that each defendant be interested as to all the relief prayed for, or as to every cause of action included in any proceeding against him or her; but the court may make any order that may be just to prevent any defendant from being embarrassed or put to expense by being required to attend any proceedings in which such defendant may have no interest.

(c) If the plaintiff is in doubt as to the person from whom he or she is entitled to redress, he or she may join two or more defendants, and state his or her claim against them in the alternative in the same count or plead separate counts in the alternative against different defendants, to the intent that the question which, if any, of the defendants is liable, and to what extent, may be determined as between the parties.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-406) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-406)

Sec. 2-406. Bringing in new parties - Third-party proceedings. (a) If a complete determination of a controversy cannot be had without the presence of other parties, the court may direct them to be brought in. If a person, not a party, has an interest or title which the judgment may affect, the court, on application, shall direct such person to be made a party.

(b) Within the time for filing his or her answer or thereafter by leave of court, a defendant may by third-party complaint bring in as a defendant a person not a party to the action who is or may be liable to him or her for all or part of the plaintiff's claim against him or her. Subsequent pleadings shall be filed as in the case of a complaint and with like designation and effect. The third-party defendant may assert any defenses which he or she has to the third-party complaint or which the third-party plaintiff has to the plaintiff's claim and shall have the same right to file a counterclaim or third-party complaint as any other defendant. If the plaintiff desires to assert against the third-party defendant any claim which the plaintiff might have asserted against the third-party defendant had he or she been joined originally as a defendant, the plaintiff shall do so by an appropriate pleading. When a counterclaim is filed against a party, the party may in like manner proceed against third parties. Nothing herein applies to liability insurers.

(c) An action is commenced against a new party by the filing of an appropriate pleading or the entry of an order naming him or her a party. Service of process shall be had upon a new party in like manner as is provided for service on a defendant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-407) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-407)

Sec. 2-407. Nonjoinder and misjoinder of parties - Change of parties. No action shall be dismissed for misjoinder of parties, or dismissed for nonjoinder of necessary parties without first affording reasonable opportunity to add them as parties. New parties may be added and parties misjoined may be dropped by order of the court, at any stage of the cause, before or after judgment, as the ends of justice may require and on terms which the court may fix.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-408) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-408)

Sec. 2-408. Intervention. (a) Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted as of right to intervene in an action: (1) when a statute confers an unconditional right to intervene; or (2) when the representation of the applicant's interest by existing parties is or may be inadequate and the applicant will or may be bound by an order or judgment in the action; or (3) when the applicant is so situated as to be adversely affected by a distribution or other disposition of property in the custody or subject to the control or disposition of the court or a court officer.

(b) Upon timely application anyone may in the discretion of the court be permitted to intervene in an action: (1) when a statute confers a conditional right to intervene; or (2) when an applicant's claim or defense and the main action have a question of law or fact in common.

(c) In all cases involving the validity of a constitutional provision, statute or regulation of this State and affecting the public interest, the State upon timely application may in the discretion of the court be permitted to intervene.

(d) In all cases involving the validity of an ordinance or regulation of a municipality or governmental subdivision of this State and affecting the public interest, the municipality or governmental subdivision upon timely application may in the discretion of the court be permitted to intervene.

(e) A person desiring to intervene shall present a petition setting forth the grounds for intervention, accompanied by the initial pleading or motion which he or she proposes to file. In cases in which the allowance of intervention is discretionary, the court shall consider whether the intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the original parties.

(f) An intervenor shall have all the rights of an original party, except that the court may in its order allowing intervention, whether discretionary or a matter of right, provide that the applicant shall be bound by orders or judgments, theretofore entered or by evidence theretofore received, that the applicant shall not raise issues which might more properly have been raised at an earlier stage of the proceeding, that the applicant shall not raise new issues or add new parties, or that in other respects the applicant shall not interfere with the control of the litigation, as justice and the avoidance of undue delay may require.

(Source: P.A. 82-783.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-409) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-409)

Sec. 2-409. Interpleader. Persons having claims against the plaintiff arising out of the same or related subject matter may be joined as defendants and required to interplead when their claims may expose plaintiff to double or multiple liability. It is not a ground for objection to interpleader that the claims of the several claimants or the titles upon which their claims depend do not have a common origin or are not identical, or are adverse to or independent of one another, or that the plaintiff avers that he or she is not liable in whole or in part to any of or all the claimants. A defendant under similar circumstances may obtain like relief by counterclaim. The provisions hereof are not a limitation upon the joinder of parties or causes of action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-410) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-410)

Sec. 2-410. Actions against joint debtors or partners. All parties to a joint obligation, including a partnership obligation, may be sued jointly, or separate actions may be brought against one or more of them. A judgment against fewer than all the parties to a joint or partnership obligation does not bar an action against those not included in the judgment or not sued. Nothing herein permits more than one satisfaction.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-411) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-411)

Sec. 2-411. Actions by or against partnerships. (a) A partnership may sue or be sued in the names of the partners as individuals doing business as the partnership, or in the firm name, or both.

(b) An unsatisfied judgment against a partnership in its firm name does not bar an action to enforce the individual liability of any partner.

(Source: P.A. 86-483.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-412) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-412)

Sec. 2-412. Saving clause as to change of parties. No change in parties, made by order of court or otherwise, impairs any previous attachment of the estate or body of any person remaining a defendant in the action, or bonds or recognizances of any person remaining a party, either as against such person or his or her sureties, or receipts to an officer for property attached; and, when parties are changed, the court may order new bonds if new bonds are necessary.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-413) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-413)

Sec. 2-413. Unknown parties. If in any action there are persons interested therein whose names are unknown, it shall be lawful to make them parties to the action by the name and description of unknown owners, or unknown heirs or legatees of any deceased person, who may have been interested in the subject matter of the action previous to his or her death; but an affidavit shall be filed by the party desiring to make those persons parties stating that their names are unknown. Process may then issue and publication may be had against those persons by the name and description so given, and judgments entered in respect to them shall be of the same effect as though they had been designated by their proper names. If there has been a person who may have been interested in the action, and upon diligent inquiry it cannot be ascertained whether the person is living or dead, it shall be lawful to make those persons who would be his or her heirs and legatees parties defendant as unknown owners, the same as if he or she were known to be dead, but in all those cases an affidavit shall be filed by the party desiring to make any unknown persons who would be the heirs or legatees of the person not known to be living or dead parties, stating that upon due and diligent inquiry it cannot be ascertained whether or not the person is living or dead and further stating that the names of the persons who would be his or her heirs or legatees are unknown. Process may then issue and publication may be had against all parties by the name and description of unknown owners, and judgments entered in respect to the unknown parties shall be of the same effect as though they had been designated by their proper names. Only one affidavit is necessary under the provisions of this section for the purpose of making persons described herein parties to the action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-414) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-414)

Sec. 2-414. Joint or consolidated affidavits - validation of judgments. (a) If in any action or proceeding the affidavits required by Section 2-206 and Section 2-413 of this Act are joined and submitted as a single affidavit, or as two affidavits on one sheet, the fact of joinder or of consolidation of the two affidavits into one shall not deprive the court of the jurisdiction it would have had if the affidavits had been filed as two distinct affidavits; however, the facts with reference to the nonresident defendants required by Section 2-206 of this Act, and the facts relative to the unknown parties required by Section 2-413 of this Act, are otherwise correctly set forth and properly related in the one affidavit.

(b) Any judgment heretofore entered by the court based upon joint affidavits or a consolidated affidavit which is regular in other respects is validated as though the affidavits were separate and distinct.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-415) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-415)

Sec. 2-415. Appointment of and actions against receivers. (a) Before any receiver shall be appointed the party making the application shall give bond to the adverse party in such penalty as the court may order and with security to be approved by the court conditioned to pay all damages including reasonable attorney's fees sustained by reason of the appointment and acts of such receiver, in case the appointment of such receiver is revoked or set aside. Bond need not be required, when for good cause shown, and upon notice and full hearing, the court is of the opinion that a receiver ought to be appointed without such bond.

(b) On an application for the appointment of a receiver, the court may, in lieu of appointing a receiver, permit the party in possession to retain such possession upon giving bond with such penalty and with such security and upon such condition as the court may order and approve; and the court may remove a receiver and restore the property to the possession of the party from whom it was taken upon the giving of a like bond.

(c) Every receiver of any property appointed by any court of this State may be sued in respect of any act or transaction of the receiver in carrying on the business connected with the property, without the previous leave of the court in which the receiver was appointed; but the action shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the court in which the receiver was appointed, so far as the same is necessary to the ends of justice.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-416) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-416)

Sec. 2-416. Representation of corporations in small claims. A corporation may prosecute as plaintiff or defend as defendant any small claims proceeding in any court of this State through any officer, director, manager, department manager or supervisor of the corporation, as though such corporation were appearing in its proper person.

No corporation may appear as assignee or subrogee in a small claims proceeding.

For the purposes of this Section, the term "officer" means the president, vice-president, registered agent or other person vested with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the corporation, and "small claims proceeding" means a civil action based on either tort or contract for money not in excess of $2,500, exclusive of interests and costs, or for collection of taxes not in excess of that amount.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-417) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-417)

Sec. 2-417. Actions under Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act. Whenever the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board commences an action under subsection (b) of Section 16 of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act seeking to enforce a final order of the Board or alleging a violation of a final order, such action shall be commenced by petition filed in the name of the people of the State of Illinois as Petitioner and any persons charged with alleged violation of such final order shall be designated Respondents. Persons charged with alleged violation of such final order may not raise as defenses in such action any matters that such persons could have raised by initiating judicial review of such final order in accordance with subsection (a) of Section 16 of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Act and Section 3-104 of the Administrative Review Law.

(Source: P.A. 84-123.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 5 heading) Part 5. Appointment of Guardians

(735 ILCS 5/2-501) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-501)

Sec. 2-501. Guardian for persons not in being. In any action, whether a trust is involved or not, any person or persons not in being are or may become entitled to, or may upon coming into being claim to be entitled to, any future interest, legal or equitable, whether arising by way of remainder, reversion, possibility of reverter, executory devise, upon the happening of a condition subsequent, or otherwise, in any property, real or personal, involved in such action, the court may, whenever it may deem it necessary for the proper and complete determination of such cause, appoint some competent and disinterested person as guardian ad litem of such person or persons not in being; and any judgment or order entered in such action shall be as binding and effectual for all purposes as though such person or persons were in being and were parties to such action. By such appointment, the person so appointed guardian ad litem, shall not be rendered liable to pay costs of the action; and shall be allowed a reasonable fee for the services as such guardian, to be fixed by the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-502) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-502)

Sec. 2-502. Guardians for minors. Guardianships for minors shall be governed by Section 11-13 of the "Probate Act of 1975", as amended.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 6 heading) Part 6. Pleading

(735 ILCS 5/2-601) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-601)

Sec. 2-601. Substance of pleadings. In all actions, pleadings shall be as specified in Article II of this Act and the rules. This section does not affect in any way the substantial allegations of fact necessary to state any cause of action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-602) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-602)

Sec. 2-602. Designation and order of pleadings. The first pleading by the plaintiff shall be designated a complaint. The first pleading by the defendant shall be designated an answer. If new matter by way of defense is pleaded in the answer, a reply shall be filed by the plaintiff, but the filing of a reply is not an admission of the legal sufficiency of the new matter. Further pleadings may be permitted as required by the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-603) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-603)

Sec. 2-603. Form of pleadings. (a) All pleadings shall contain a plain and concise statement of the pleader's cause of action, counterclaim, defense, or reply.

(b) Each separate cause of action upon which a separate recovery might be had shall be stated in a separate count or counterclaim, as the case may be and each count, counterclaim, defense or reply, shall be separately pleaded, designated and numbered, and each shall be divided into paragraphs numbered consecutively, each paragraph containing, as nearly as may be, a separate allegation.

(c) Pleadings shall be liberally construed with a view to doing substantial justice between the parties.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-604) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-604)

Sec. 2-604. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 93-387, eff. 7-25-03. Repealed by P.A. 101-403, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-604.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-604.1)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-604.1. Pleading of punitive damages. In all actions on account of bodily injury or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on any theory or doctrine, where punitive damages are permitted no complaint shall be filed containing a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages. However, a plaintiff may, pursuant to a pretrial motion and after a hearing before the court, amend the complaint to include a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages. The court shall allow the motion to amend the complaint if the plaintiff establishes at such hearing a reasonable likelihood of proving facts at trial sufficient to support an award of punitive damages. Any motion to amend the complaint to include a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages shall be made not later than 30 days after the close of discovery. A prayer for relief added pursuant to this Section shall not be barred by lapse of time under any statute prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted if the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original pleading was filed.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-604.1. Pleading of punitive damages. In all actions on account of bodily injury or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on strict tort liability, where punitive damages are permitted no complaint shall be filed containing a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages. However, a plaintiff may, pursuant to a pretrial motion and after a hearing before the court, amend the complaint to include a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages. The court shall allow the motion to amend the complaint if the plaintiff establishes at such hearing a reasonable likelihood of proving facts at trial sufficient to support an award of punitive damages. Any motion to amend the complaint to include a prayer for relief seeking punitive damages shall be made not later than 30 days after the close of discovery. A prayer for relief added pursuant to this Section shall not be barred by lapse of time under any statute prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted if the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original pleading was filed.

(Source: P.A. 84-1431.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-604.2)

Sec. 2-604.2. Requesting remedies from the court.

(a) Except in personal injury actions, every count in every complaint and counterclaim must request specific remedies the party believes it should receive from the court.

In a personal injury action, a party may not claim an amount of money unless necessary to comply with the circuit court rules about where a case is assigned. In a personal injury action, if a complaint is filed that contains an amount claimed and the claim is not necessary to comply with the circuit court rules about where a case is assigned, the complaint shall be dismissed without prejudice on the defendant's motion or on the court's own motion.

(b) A party may request remedies from the court in the alternative. A request for a remedy from the court that is not supported by allegations in the complaint or counterclaim may be objected to by motion or in the answering pleading.

(c) Except in the case of default, the remedies requested from the court do not limit the remedies available. Except in the case of default, if a party seeks remedies other than those listed in the complaint or counterclaim, the court may, by proper order, and upon terms that may be just, protect the adverse party against prejudice by reason of surprise.

In the case of default, if a remedy is sought in the pleading, whether by amendment, counterclaim, or otherwise, that is beyond what the defaulted party requested, notice shall be given to the defaulted party as provided by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 105.

(d) The defendant is not prohibited from requesting from the plaintiff, by interrogatory, the amount of damages sought.

(Source: P.A. 101-403, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-605) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-605)

Sec. 2-605. Verification of pleadings. (a) Any pleading, although not required to be sworn to, may be verified by the oath of the party filing it or of any other person or persons having knowledge of the facts pleaded. Corporations may verify by the oath of any officer or agent having knowledge of the facts. If any pleading is so verified, every subsequent pleading must also be verified, unless verification is excused by the court. In pleadings which are so verified, the several matters stated shall be stated positively or upon information and belief only, according to the fact. Verified allegations do not constitute evidence except by way of admission.

(b) The allegation of the execution or assignment of any written instrument is admitted unless denied in a pleading verified by oath, except in cases in which verification is excused by the court. If the party making the denial is not the person alleged to have executed or assigned the instrument, the denial may be made on the information and belief of that party.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-606) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-606)

Sec. 2-606. Exhibits. If a claim or defense is founded upon a written instrument, a copy thereof, or of so much of the same as is relevant, must be attached to the pleading as an exhibit or recited therein, unless the pleader attaches to his or her pleading an affidavit stating facts showing that the instrument is not accessible to him or her. In pleading any written instrument a copy thereof may be attached to the pleading as an exhibit. In either case the exhibit constitutes a part of the pleading for all purposes.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-607) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-607)

Sec. 2-607. Bills of particulars. (a) Within the time a party is to respond to a pleading, that party may, if allegations are so wanting in details that the responding party should be entitled to a bill of particulars, file and serve a notice demanding it. The notice shall point out specifically the defects complained of or the details desired. The pleader shall have 28 days to file and serve the bill of particulars, and the party who requested the bill shall have 28 days to plead after being served with the bill.

(b) If the pleader does not file and serve a bill of particulars within 28 days of the demand, or if the bill of particulars delivered is insufficient, the court may, on motion and in its discretion, strike the pleading, allow further time to furnish the bill of particulars or require a more particular bill to be filed and served.

(c) If a bill of particulars, in an action based on a contract, contains the statement of items of indebtedness and is verified by oath, the items thereof are admitted except in so far as the opposite party files an affidavit specifically denying them, and as to each item denied states the facts upon which the denial is based, unless the affidavit is excused by the court.

(d) If the party on whom a demand for a bill of particulars has been made believes that the party demanding it is not entitled to the particulars asked for, he or she may move the court that the demand be denied or modified.

(Source: P.A. 86-646.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-608) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-608)

Sec. 2-608. Counterclaims. (a) Any claim by one or more defendants against one or more plaintiffs, or against one or more codefendants, whether in the nature of setoff, recoupment, cross claim or otherwise, and whether in tort or contract, for liquidated or unliquidated damages, or for other relief, may be pleaded as a cross claim in any action, and when so pleaded shall be called a counterclaim.

(b) The counterclaim shall be a part of the answer, and shall be designated as a counterclaim. Service of process on parties already before the court is not necessary.

(c) Every counterclaim shall be pleaded in the same manner and with the same particularity as a complaint, and shall be complete in itself, but allegations set forth in other parts of the answer may be incorporated by specific reference instead of being repeated.

(d) An answer to a counterclaim and pleadings subsequent thereto shall be filed as in the case of a complaint and with like designation and effect.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-609) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-609)

Sec. 2-609. Supplemental pleadings. Supplemental pleadings, setting up matters which arise after the original pleadings are filed, may be filed within a reasonable time by either party by leave of court and upon terms.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-610) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-610)

Sec. 2-610. Pleadings to be specific. (a) Every answer and subsequent pleading shall contain an explicit admission or denial of each allegation of the pleading to which it relates.

(b) Every allegation, except allegations of damages, not explicitly denied is admitted, unless the party states in his or her pleading that he or she has no knowledge thereof sufficient to form a belief, and attaches an affidavit of the truth of the statement of want of knowledge, or unless the party has had no opportunity to deny.

(c) Denials must not be evasive, but must fairly answer the substance of the allegation denied.

(d) If a party wishes to raise an issue as to the amount of damages only, he or she may do so by stating in his or her pleading that he or she desires to contest only the amount of the damages.

(Source: P.A. 83-354.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-612) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-612)

Sec. 2-612. Insufficient pleadings. (a) If any pleading is insufficient in substance or form the court may order a fuller or more particular statement. If the pleadings do not sufficiently define the issues the court may order other pleadings prepared.

(b) No pleading is bad in substance which contains such information as reasonably informs the opposite party of the nature of the claim or defense which he or she is called upon to meet.

(c) All defects in pleadings, either in form or substance, not objected to in the trial court are waived.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-613) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-613)

Sec. 2-613. Separate counts and defenses. (a) Parties may plead as many causes of action, counterclaims, defenses, and matters in reply as they may have, and each shall be separately designated and numbered.

(b) When a party is in doubt as to which of two or more statements of fact is true, he or she may, regardless of consistency, state them in the alternative or hypothetically in the same or different counts or defenses. A bad alternative does not affect a good one.

(c) Defenses to jurisdiction of the subject matter or in abatement or in bar may be pleaded together, without waiving any defense so pleaded, but the court may order defenses to jurisdiction of the subject matter or in abatement to be tried first. An answer containing only defenses to jurisdiction of the subject matter or in abatement does not constitute an admission of the facts alleged in the complaint, counterclaim or third-party complaint.

(d) The facts constituting any affirmative defense, such as payment, release, satisfaction, discharge, license, fraud, duress, estoppel, laches, statute of frauds, illegality, that the negligence of a complaining party contributed in whole or in part to the injury of which he complains, that an instrument or transaction is either void or voidable in point of law, or cannot be recovered upon by reason of any statute or by reason of nondelivery, want or failure of consideration in whole or in part, and any defense which by other affirmative matter seeks to avoid the legal effect of or defeat the cause of action set forth in the complaint, counterclaim, or third-party complaint, in whole or in part, and any ground or defense, whether affirmative or not, which, if not expressly stated in the pleading, would be likely to take the opposite party by surprise, must be plainly set forth in the answer or reply.

(Source: P.A. 84-624.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-614) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-614)

Sec. 2-614. Joinder of causes of action and use of counterclaims. (a) Any plaintiff or plaintiffs may join any causes of action, against any defendant or defendants; and the defendant may set up in his or her answer any and all cross claims whatever, whether in the nature of recoupment, setoff or otherwise, which shall be designated counterclaims.

(b) The court may, in its discretion, order separate trial of any causes of action, counterclaim or third-party claim if it cannot be conveniently disposed of with the other issues in the case. Legal and equitable issues may be tried together if no jury is employed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-615) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-615)

Sec. 2-615. Motions with respect to pleadings. (a) All objections to pleadings shall be raised by motion. The motion shall point out specifically the defects complained of, and shall ask for appropriate relief, such as: that a pleading or portion thereof be stricken because substantially insufficient in law, or that the action be dismissed, or that a pleading be made more definite and certain in a specified particular, or that designated immaterial matter be stricken out, or that necessary parties be added, or that designated misjoined parties be dismissed, and so forth.

(b) If a pleading or a division thereof is objected to by a motion to dismiss or for judgment or to strike out the pleading, because it is substantially insufficient in law, the motion must specify wherein the pleading or division thereof is insufficient.

(c) Upon motions based upon defects in pleadings, substantial defects in prior pleadings may be considered.

(d) After rulings on motions, the court may enter appropriate orders either to permit or require pleading over or amending or to terminate the litigation in whole or in part.

(e) Any party may seasonably move for judgment on the pleadings.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-616) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-616)

Sec. 2-616. Amendments.

(a) At any time before final judgment amendments may be allowed on just and reasonable terms, introducing any party who ought to have been joined as plaintiff or defendant, dismissing any party, changing the cause of action or defense or adding new causes of action or defenses, and in any matter, either of form or substance, in any process, pleading, bill of particulars or proceedings, which may enable the plaintiff to sustain the claim for which it was intended to be brought or the defendant to make a defense or assert a cross claim.

(b) The cause of action, cross claim or defense set up in any amended pleading shall not be barred by lapse of time under any statute or contract prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted, if the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original pleading was filed, and if it shall appear from the original and amended pleadings that the cause of action asserted, or the defense or cross claim interposed in the amended pleading grew out of the same transaction or occurrence set up in the original pleading, even though the original pleading was defective in that it failed to allege the performance of some act or the existence of some fact or some other matter which is a necessary condition precedent to the right of recovery or defense asserted, if the condition precedent has in fact been performed, and for the purpose of preserving the cause of action, cross claim or defense set up in the amended pleading, and for that purpose only, an amendment to any pleading shall be held to relate back to the date of the filing of the original pleading so amended.

(c) A pleading may be amended at any time, before or after judgment, to conform the pleadings to the proofs, upon terms as to costs and continuance that may be just.

(d) A cause of action against a person not originally named a defendant is not barred by lapse of time under any statute or contract prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted, if all the following terms and conditions are met: (1) the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original action was commenced; (2) the person, within the time that the action might have been brought or the right asserted against him or her plus the time for service permitted under Supreme Court Rule 103(b), received such notice of the commencement of the action that the person will not be prejudiced in maintaining a defense on the merits and knew or should have known that, but for a mistake concerning the identity of the proper party, the action would have been brought against him or her; and (3) it appears from the original and amended pleadings that the cause of action asserted in the amended pleading grew out of the same transaction or occurrence set up in the original pleading, even though the original pleading was defective in that it failed to allege the performance of some act or the existence of some fact or some other matter which is a necessary condition precedent to the right of recovery when the condition precedent has in fact been performed, and even though the person was not named originally as a defendant. For the purpose of preserving the cause of action under those conditions, an amendment adding the person as a defendant relates back to the date of the filing of the original pleading so amended.

(e) A cause of action against a beneficiary of a land trust not originally named a defendant is not barred by lapse of time under any statute or contract prescribing or limiting the time within which an action may be brought or right asserted, if all the following terms and conditions are met: (1) the cause of action arises from the ownership, use or possession of real estate, record title whereto is held by a land trustee; (2) the time prescribed or limited had not expired when the original action was commenced; (3) the land trustee of record is named as a defendant; and (4) the plaintiff proceeds with reasonable diligence subsequent to the commencement of the action to serve process upon the land trustee, to determine the identity of the beneficiary, and to amend the complaint to name the beneficiary as a defendant.

(f) The changes made by this amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly apply to all complaints filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act, and to complaints filed before the effective date of this amendatory Act if the limitation period has not ended before the effective date.

(Source: P.A. 92-116, eff. 1-1-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-617) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-617)

Sec. 2-617. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitled the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which the plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-618) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-618)

Sec. 2-618. Lost pleadings. If any pleading or paper filed in a cause has been lost or mislaid, the court may permit the filing of a copy authenticated by such affidavits as the court may require.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-619) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-619)

Sec. 2-619. Involuntary dismissal based upon certain defects or defenses. (a) Defendant may, within the time for pleading, file a motion for dismissal of the action or for other appropriate relief upon any of the following grounds. If the grounds do not appear on the face of the pleading attacked the motion shall be supported by affidavit:

(1) That the court does not have jurisdiction of the subject matter of the action, provided the defect cannot be removed by a transfer of the case to a court having jurisdiction.

(2) That the plaintiff does not have legal capacity to sue or that the defendant does not have legal capacity to be sued.

(3) That there is another action pending between the same parties for the same cause.

(4) That the cause of action is barred by a prior judgment.

(5) That the action was not commenced within the time limited by law.

(6) That the claim set forth in the plaintiff's pleading has been released, satisfied of record, or discharged in bankruptcy.

(7) That the claim asserted is unenforceable under the provisions of the Statute of Frauds.

(8) That the claim asserted against defendant is unenforceable because of his or her minority or other disability.

(9) That the claim asserted against defendant is barred by other affirmative matter avoiding the legal effect of or defeating the claim.

(b) A similar motion may be made by any other party against whom a claim is asserted.

(c) If, upon the hearing of the motion, the opposite party presents affidavits or other proof denying the facts alleged or establishing facts obviating the grounds of defect, the court may hear and determine the same and may grant or deny the motion. If a material and genuine disputed question of fact is raised the court may decide the motion upon the affidavits and evidence offered by the parties, or may deny the motion without prejudice to the right to raise the subject matter of the motion by answer and shall so deny it if the action is one in which a party is entitled to a trial by jury and a jury demand has been filed by the opposite party in apt time.

(d) The raising of any of the foregoing matters by motion under this Section does not preclude the raising of them subsequently by answer unless the court has disposed of the motion on its merits; and a failure to raise any of them by motion does not preclude raising them by answer.

(e) Pleading over after denial by the court of a motion under this Section is not a waiver of any error in the decision denying the motion.

(f) The form and contents of and procedure relating to affidavits under this Section shall be as provided by rule.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-619.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-619.1)

Sec. 2-619.1. Combined motions. Motions with respect to pleadings under Section 2-615, motions for involuntary dismissal or other relief under Section 2-619, and motions for summary judgment under Section 2-1005 may be filed together as a single motion in any combination. A combined motion, however, shall be in parts. Each part shall be limited to and shall specify that it is made under one of Sections 2-615, 2-619, or 2-1005. Each part shall also clearly show the points or grounds relied upon under the Section upon which it is based.

(Source: P.A. 86-1156.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-620) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-620)

Sec. 2-620. Practice on motions. The form and contents of motions, notices regarding the same, hearings on motions, and all other matters of procedure relative thereto, shall be according to rules.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-621) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-621)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-621. Product liability actions.

(a) In any product liability action based on any theory or doctrine commenced or maintained against a defendant or defendants other than the manufacturer, that party shall upon answering or otherwise pleading file an affidavit certifying the correct identity of the manufacturer of the product allegedly causing injury, death or damage. The commencement of a product liability action based on any theory or doctrine against such defendant or defendants shall toll the applicable statute of limitation and statute of repose relative to the defendant or defendants for purposes of asserting a strict liability in tort cause of action.

(b) Once the plaintiff has filed a complaint against the manufacturer or manufacturers, and the manufacturer or manufacturers have or are required to have answered or otherwise pleaded, the court shall order the dismissal of a product liability action based on any theory or doctrine against the certifying defendant or defendants, provided the certifying defendant or defendants are not within the categories set forth in subsection (c) of this Section. Due diligence shall be exercised by the certifying defendant or defendants in providing the plaintiff with the correct identity of the manufacturer or manufacturers, and due diligence shall be exercised by the plaintiff in filing an action and obtaining jurisdiction over the manufacturer or manufacturers.

The plaintiff may at any time subsequent to the dismissal move to vacate the order of dismissal and reinstate the certifying defendant or defendants, provided plaintiff can show one or more of the following:

(1) That the applicable period of statute of limitation or statute of repose bars the assertion of a cause of action against the manufacturer or manufacturers of the product allegedly causing the injury, death or damage; or

(2) That the identity of the manufacturer given to the plaintiff by the certifying defendant or defendants was incorrect. Once the correct identity of the manufacturer has been given by the certifying defendant or defendants the court shall again dismiss the certifying defendant or defendants; or

(3) That the manufacturer no longer exists, cannot be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State, or, despite due diligence, the manufacturer is not amenable to service of process; or

(4) That the manufacturer is unable to satisfy any judgment as determined by the court; or

(5) That the court determines that the manufacturer would be unable to satisfy a reasonable settlement or other agreement with plaintiff.

(c) A court shall not enter a dismissal order relative to any certifying defendant or defendants other than the manufacturer even though full compliance with subsection (a) of this Section has been made where the plaintiff can show one or more of the following:

(1) That the defendant has exercised some significant control over the design or manufacture of the product, or has provided instructions or warnings to the manufacturer relative to the alleged defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage; or

(2) That the defendant had actual knowledge of the defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage; or

(3) That the defendant created the defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage.

(d) Nothing contained in this Section shall be construed to grant a cause of action on any legal theory or doctrine, or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.

(e) This Section applies to all causes of action accruing on or after September 24, 1979.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-621. Product liability actions.

(a) In any product liability action based in whole or in part on the doctrine of strict liability in tort commenced or maintained against a defendant or defendants other than the manufacturer, that party shall upon answering or otherwise pleading file an affidavit certifying the correct identity of the manufacturer of the product allegedly causing injury, death or damage. The commencement of a product liability action based in whole or in part on the doctrine of strict liability in tort against such defendant or defendants shall toll the applicable statute of limitation and statute of repose relative to the defendant or defendants for purposes of asserting a strict liability in tort cause of action.

(b) Once the plaintiff has filed a complaint against the manufacturer or manufacturers, and the manufacturer or manufacturers have or are required to have answered or otherwise pleaded, the court shall order the dismissal of a strict liability in tort claim against the certifying defendant or defendants, provided the certifying defendant or defendants are not within the categories set forth in subsection (c) of this Section. Due diligence shall be exercised by the certifying defendant or defendants in providing the plaintiff with the correct identity of the manufacturer or manufacturers, and due diligence shall be exercised by the plaintiff in filing an action and obtaining jurisdiction over the manufacturer or manufacturers.

The plaintiff may at any time subsequent to the dismissal move to vacate the order of dismissal and reinstate the certifying defendant or defendants, provided plaintiff can show one or more of the following:

(1) That the applicable period of statute of limitation or statute of repose bars the assertion of a strict liability in tort cause of action against the manufacturer or manufacturers of the product allegedly causing the injury, death or damage; or

(2) That the identity of the manufacturer given to the plaintiff by the certifying defendant or defendants was incorrect. Once the correct identity of the manufacturer has been given by the certifying defendant or defendants the court shall again dismiss the certifying defendant or defendants; or

(3) That the manufacturer no longer exists, cannot be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State, or, despite due diligence, the manufacturer is not amenable to service of process; or

(4) That the manufacturer is unable to satisfy any judgment as determined by the court; or

(5) That the court determines that the manufacturer would be unable to satisfy a reasonable settlement or other agreement with plaintiff.

(c) A court shall not enter a dismissal order relative to any certifying defendant or defendants other than the manufacturer even though full compliance with subsection (a) of this Section has been made where the plaintiff can show one or more of the following:

(1) That the defendant has exercised some significant control over the design or manufacture of the product, or has provided instructions or warnings to the manufacturer relative to the alleged defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage; or

(2) That the defendant had actual knowledge of the defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage; or

(3) That the defendant created the defect in the product which caused the injury, death or damage.

(d) Nothing contained in this Section shall be construed to grant a cause of action in strict liability in tort or any other legal theory, or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.

(e) This Section applies to all causes of action accruing on or after September 24, 1979.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-622) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-622)

Sec. 2-622. Healing art malpractice.

(a) In any action, whether in tort, contract or otherwise, in which the plaintiff seeks damages for injuries or death by reason of medical, hospital, or other healing art malpractice, the plaintiff's attorney or the plaintiff, if the plaintiff is proceeding pro se, shall file an affidavit, attached to the original and all copies of the complaint, declaring one of the following:

1. That the affiant has consulted and reviewed the facts of the case with a health professional who the affiant reasonably believes: (i) is knowledgeable in the relevant issues involved in the particular action; (ii) practices or has practiced within the last 6 years or teaches or has taught within the last 6 years in the same area of health care or medicine that is at issue in the particular action; and (iii) is qualified by experience or demonstrated competence in the subject of the case; that the reviewing health professional has determined in a written report, after a review of the medical record and other relevant material involved in the particular action that there is a reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of such action; and that the affiant has concluded on the basis of the reviewing health professional's review and consultation that there is a reasonable and meritorious cause for filing of such action. If the affidavit is filed as to a defendant who is a physician licensed to treat human ailments without the use of drugs or medicines and without operative surgery, a dentist, a podiatric physician, a psychologist, or a naprapath, the written report must be from a health professional licensed in the same profession, with the same class of license, as the defendant. For affidavits filed as to all other defendants, the written report must be from a physician licensed to practice medicine in all its branches. In either event, the affidavit must identify the profession of the reviewing health professional. A copy of the written report, clearly identifying the plaintiff and the reasons for the reviewing health professional's determination that a reasonable and meritorious cause for the filing of the action exists, must be attached to the affidavit, but information which would identify the reviewing health professional may be deleted from the copy so attached.

2. That the affiant was unable to obtain a consultation required by paragraph 1 because a statute of limitations would impair the action and the consultation required could not be obtained before the expiration of the statute of limitations. If an affidavit is executed pursuant to this paragraph, the certificate and written report required by paragraph 1 shall be filed within 90 days after the filing of the complaint. The defendant shall be excused from answering or otherwise pleading until 30 days after being served with a certificate required by paragraph 1.

3. That a request has been made by the plaintiff or his attorney for examination and copying of records pursuant to Part 20 of Article VIII of this Code and the party required to comply under those Sections has failed to produce such records within 60 days of the receipt of the request. If an affidavit is executed pursuant to this paragraph, the certificate and written report required by paragraph 1 shall be filed within 90 days following receipt of the requested records. All defendants except those whose failure to comply with Part 20 of Article VIII of this Code is the basis for an affidavit under this paragraph shall be excused from answering or otherwise pleading until 30 days after being served with the certificate required by paragraph 1.

(b) Where a certificate and written report are required pursuant to this Section a separate certificate and written report shall be filed as to each defendant who has been named in the complaint and shall be filed as to each defendant named at a later time.

(c) Where the plaintiff intends to rely on the doctrine of "res ipsa loquitur", as defined by Section 2-1113 of this Code, the certificate and written report must state that, in the opinion of the reviewing health professional, negligence has occurred in the course of medical treatment. The affiant shall certify upon filing of the complaint that he is relying on the doctrine of "res ipsa loquitur".

(d) When the attorney intends to rely on the doctrine of failure to inform of the consequences of the procedure, the attorney shall certify upon the filing of the complaint that the reviewing health professional has, after reviewing the medical record and other relevant materials involved in the particular action, concluded that a reasonable health professional would have informed the patient of the consequences of the procedure.

(e) Allegations and denials in the affidavit, made without reasonable cause and found to be untrue, shall subject the party pleading them or his attorney, or both, to the payment of reasonable expenses, actually incurred by the other party by reason of the untrue pleading, together with reasonable attorneys' fees to be summarily taxed by the court upon motion made within 30 days of the judgment or dismissal. In no event shall the award for attorneys' fees and expenses exceed those actually paid by the moving party, including the insurer, if any. In proceedings under this paragraph (e), the moving party shall have the right to depose and examine any and all reviewing health professionals who prepared reports used in conjunction with an affidavit required by this Section.

(f) A reviewing health professional who in good faith prepares a report used in conjunction with an affidavit required by this Section shall have civil immunity from liability which otherwise might result from the preparation of such report.

(g) The failure to file a certificate required by this Section shall be grounds for dismissal under Section 2-619.

(h) (Blank).

(i) (Blank).

(Source: P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13; 98-214, eff. 8-9-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-623)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-623. Certificate of merit; product liability.

(a) In a product liability action, as defined in Section 2-2101, in which the plaintiff seeks damages for harm, the plaintiff's attorney or the plaintiff, if the plaintiff is proceeding pro se, shall file an affidavit, attached to the original and all copies of the complaint, declaring one of the following:

(1) That the affiant has consulted and reviewed the facts of the case with a qualified expert, as defined in subsection (c), who has completed a written report, after examination of the product or a review of literature pertaining to the product, in accordance with the following requirements:

(A) In an action based on strict liability in tort or implied warranty, the report must:

(i) identify specific defects in the product that have a potential for harm beyond that which would be objectively contemplated by the ordinary user of the product; and

(ii) contain a determination that the product was unreasonably dangerous and in a defective condition when it left the control of the manufacturer.

(B) In any other product liability action, the report must identify the specific act or omission or other fault, as defined in Section 2-1116, on the part of the defendant.

(C) In any product liability action, the report must contain a determination that the defective condition of the product or other fault was a proximate cause of the plaintiff's harm.

(2) That the plaintiff has not previously voluntarily dismissed an action based upon the same or substantially the same acts, omissions, or occurrences and that the affiant was unable to obtain a consultation required by paragraph (1) because either a statute of limitations would impair the action and the consultation required could not be obtained before the expiration of the statute of limitations or despite a good faith effort to comply with this Section, the plaintiff was prevented by another person from inspecting or conducting nondestructive testing of the product. If an affidavit is executed pursuant to this paragraph, the affidavit required by paragraph (1) shall be filed within 90 days after the filing of the complaint. The defendant shall be excused from answering or otherwise pleading until 30 days after being served with an affidavit required by paragraph (1). No plaintiff shall be afforded the 90-day extension of time provided by this paragraph (2) if he or she has voluntarily dismissed an action for the same harm against the same defendant.

(b) When the defective condition referred to in the written report required under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) is based on a design defect, the affiant shall further state that the qualified expert, as defined in subsection (c), has identified in the written report required under subsection (a) either: (i) a feasible alternative design that existed at the time the product left the manufacturer's control; or (ii) an applicable government or industry standard to which the product did not conform.

(c) A qualified expert, for the purposes of subsections (a) and (b), is someone who possesses scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge regarding the product at issue or similar products and who is qualified to prepare the report required by subsections (a) and (b).

(d) A copy of the written report required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be attached to the original and all copies of the complaint. The report shall include the name and address of the expert.

(e) The failure to file an affidavit required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be grounds for dismissal under Section 2-619.

(f) Any related allegations concerning healing art malpractice must include an affidavit under Section 2-622.

(g) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies only to causes of action filed on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-624)

Sec. 2-624. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95. Repealed by P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 7 heading) Part 7. Action for Declaratory Judgment

(735 ILCS 5/2-701) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-701)

Sec. 2-701. Declaratory judgments. (a) No action or proceeding is open to objection on the ground that a merely declaratory judgment or order is sought thereby. The court may, in cases of actual controversy, make binding declarations of rights, having the force of final judgments, whether or not any consequential relief is or could be claimed, including the determination, at the instance of anyone interested in the controversy, of the construction of any statute, municipal ordinance, or other governmental regulation, or of any deed, will, contract or other written instrument, and a declaration of the rights of the parties interested. The foregoing enumeration does not exclude other cases of actual controversy. The court shall refuse to enter a declaratory judgment or order, if it appears that the judgment or order, would not terminate the controversy or some part thereof, giving rise to the proceeding. In no event shall the court entertain any action or proceeding for a declaratory judgment or order involving any political question where the defendant is a State officer whose election is provided for by the Constitution; however, nothing herein shall prevent the court from entertaining any such action or proceeding for a declaratory judgment or order if such question also involves a constitutional convention or the construction of a statute involving a constitutional convention.

(b) Declarations of rights, as herein provided for, may be obtained by means of a pleading seeking that relief alone, or as incident to or part of a complaint, counterclaim or other pleading seeking other relief as well, and if a declaration of rights is the only relief asked, the case may be set for early hearing as in the case of a motion.

(c) If further relief based upon a declaration of right becomes necessary or proper after the declaration has been made, application may be made by petition to any court having jurisdiction for an order directed to any party or parties whose rights have been determined by the declaration to show cause why the further relief should not be granted forthwith, upon reasonable notice prescribed by the court in its order.

(d) If a proceeding under this Section involves the determination of issues of fact triable by a jury, they shall be tried and determined in the same manner as issues of fact are tried and determined in other civil actions in the court in which the proceeding is pending.

(e) Unless the parties agree by stipulation as to the allowance thereof, costs in proceedings authorized by this Section shall be allowed in accordance with rules. In the absence of rules the practice in other civil actions shall be followed if applicable, and if not applicable, the costs may be taxed as to the court seems just.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-702)

(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 103-1046)

Sec. 2-702. Petition for a certificate of innocence that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated.

(a) The General Assembly finds and declares that innocent persons who have been wrongly convicted of crimes in Illinois and subsequently imprisoned have been frustrated in seeking legal redress due to a variety of substantive and technical obstacles in the law and that such persons should have an available avenue to obtain a finding of innocence so that they may obtain relief through a petition in the Court of Claims. The General Assembly further finds misleading the current legal nomenclature which compels an innocent person to seek a pardon for being wrongfully incarcerated. It is the intent of the General Assembly that the court, in exercising its discretion as permitted by law regarding the weight and admissibility of evidence submitted pursuant to this Section, shall, in the interest of justice, give due consideration to difficulties of proof caused by the passage of time, the death or unavailability of witnesses, the destruction of evidence or other factors not caused by such persons or those acting on their behalf.

(b) Any person convicted and subsequently imprisoned for one or more felonies by the State of Illinois which he or she did not commit may, under the conditions hereinafter provided, file a petition for certificate of innocence in the circuit court of the county in which the person was convicted. The petition shall request a certificate of innocence finding that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated.

(c) In order to present the claim for certificate of innocence of an unjust conviction and imprisonment, the petitioner must attach to his or her petition documentation demonstrating that:

(1) he or she has been convicted of one or more felonies by the State of Illinois and subsequently sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and has served all or any part of the sentence; and

(2) his or her judgment of conviction was reversed or vacated, and the indictment or information dismissed or, if a new trial was ordered, either he or she was found not guilty at the new trial or he or she was not retried and the indictment or information dismissed; or the statute, or application thereof, on which the indictment or information was based violated the Constitution of the United States or the State of Illinois; and

(3) his or her claim is not time barred by the provisions of subsection (i) of this Section.

(d) The petition shall state facts in sufficient detail to permit the court to find that the petitioner is likely to succeed at trial in proving that the petitioner is innocent of the offenses charged in the indictment or information or his or her acts or omissions charged in the indictment or information did not constitute a felony or misdemeanor against the State of Illinois, and the petitioner did not by his or her own conduct voluntarily cause or bring about his or her conviction. The petition shall be verified by the petitioner.

(e) A copy of the petition shall be served on the Attorney General and the State's Attorney of the county where the conviction was had. The Attorney General and the State's Attorney of the county where the conviction was had shall have the right to intervene as parties.

(f) In any hearing seeking a certificate of innocence, the court may take judicial notice of prior sworn testimony or evidence admitted in the criminal proceedings related to the convictions which resulted in the alleged wrongful incarceration, if the petitioner was either represented by counsel at such prior proceedings or the right to counsel was knowingly waived.

(g) In order to obtain a certificate of innocence the petitioner must prove by a preponderance of evidence that:

(1) the petitioner was convicted of one or more felonies by the State of Illinois and subsequently sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and has served all or any part of the sentence;

(2)(A) the judgment of conviction was reversed or vacated, and the indictment or information dismissed or, if a new trial was ordered, either the petitioner was found not guilty at the new trial or the petitioner was not retried and the indictment or information dismissed; or (B) the statute, or application thereof, on which the indictment or information was based violated the Constitution of the United States or the State of Illinois;

(3) the petitioner is innocent of the offenses charged in the indictment or information or his or her acts or omissions charged in the indictment or information did not constitute a felony or misdemeanor against the State; and

(4) the petitioner did not by his or her own conduct voluntarily cause or bring about his or her conviction.

(h) If the court finds that the petitioner is entitled to a judgment, it shall enter a certificate of innocence finding that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated. Upon entry of the certificate of innocence or pardon from the Governor stating that such pardon was issued on the ground of innocence of the crime for which he or she was imprisoned, (1) the clerk of the court shall transmit a copy of the certificate of innocence to the clerk of the Court of Claims, together with the claimant's current address; and (2) the court shall enter an order expunging the record of arrest from the official records of the arresting authority and order that the records of the clerk of the circuit court and the Illinois State Police be sealed until further order of the court upon good cause shown or as otherwise provided herein, and the name of the defendant obliterated from the official index requested to be kept by the circuit court clerk under Section 16 of the Clerks of Courts Act in connection with the arrest and conviction for the offense but the order shall not affect any index issued by the circuit court clerk before the entry of the order. The court shall enter the expungement order regardless of whether the petitioner has prior criminal convictions.

All records sealed by the Illinois State Police may be disseminated by the Department only as required by law or to the arresting authority, the State's Attorney, the court upon a later arrest for the same or similar offense, or for the purpose of sentencing for any subsequent felony. Upon conviction for any subsequent offense, the Department of Corrections shall have access to all sealed records of the Department pertaining to that individual.

Upon entry of the order of expungement, the clerk of the circuit court shall promptly mail a copy of the order to the person whose records were expunged and sealed.

(i) Any person seeking a certificate of innocence under this Section based on the dismissal of an indictment or information or acquittal that occurred before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly shall file his or her petition within 2 years after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly. Any person seeking a certificate of innocence under this Section based on the dismissal of an indictment or information or acquittal that occurred on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly shall file his or her petition within 2 years after the dismissal.

(j) The decision to grant or deny a certificate of innocence shall be binding only with respect to claims filed in the Court of Claims and shall not have a res judicata effect on any other proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21.)

(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 103-1046)

Sec. 2-702. Petition for a certificate of innocence that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated.

(a) The General Assembly finds and declares that innocent persons who have been wrongly convicted of crimes in Illinois and subsequently imprisoned have been frustrated in seeking legal redress due to a variety of substantive and technical obstacles in the law and that such persons should have an available avenue to obtain a finding of innocence so that they may obtain relief through a petition in the Court of Claims. The General Assembly further finds misleading the current legal nomenclature which compels an innocent person to seek a pardon for being wrongfully incarcerated. It is the intent of the General Assembly that the court, in exercising its discretion as permitted by law regarding the weight and admissibility of evidence submitted pursuant to this Section, shall, in the interest of justice, give due consideration to difficulties of proof caused by the passage of time, the death or unavailability of witnesses, the destruction of evidence or other factors not caused by such persons or those acting on their behalf.

(b) Any person convicted and subsequently imprisoned for one or more felonies by the State of Illinois which he or she did not commit may, under the conditions hereinafter provided, file a petition for certificate of innocence in the circuit court of the county in which the person was convicted. The petition shall request a certificate of innocence finding that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated.

(c) In order to present the claim for certificate of innocence of an unjust conviction and imprisonment, the petitioner must attach to his or her petition documentation demonstrating that:

(1) he or she has been convicted of one or more felonies by the State of Illinois and subsequently sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and has served all or any part of the sentence; and

(2) his or her judgment of conviction was reversed or vacated, and the indictment or information dismissed or, if a new trial was ordered, either he or she was found not guilty at the new trial or he or she was not retried and the indictment or information dismissed; or the statute, or application thereof, on which the indictment or information was based violated the Constitution of the United States or the State of Illinois; and

(3) his or her claim is not time barred by the provisions of subsection (i) of this Section.

(d) The petition shall state facts in sufficient detail to permit the court to find that the petitioner is likely to succeed at trial in proving that the petitioner is innocent of the offenses charged in the indictment or information or his or her acts or omissions charged in the indictment or information did not constitute a felony or misdemeanor against the State of Illinois, and the petitioner did not by his or her own conduct voluntarily cause or bring about his or her conviction. The petition shall be verified by the petitioner.

(e) A copy of the petition shall be served on the Attorney General and the State's Attorney of the county where the conviction was had. The Attorney General and the State's Attorney of the county where the conviction was had shall have the right to intervene as parties.

(f) In any hearing seeking a certificate of innocence, the court may take judicial notice of prior sworn testimony or evidence admitted in the criminal proceedings related to the convictions which resulted in the alleged wrongful incarceration, if the petitioner was either represented by counsel at such prior proceedings or the right to counsel was knowingly waived.

(g) In order to obtain a certificate of innocence the petitioner must prove by a preponderance of evidence that:

(1) the petitioner was convicted of one or more felonies by the State of Illinois and subsequently sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and has served all or any part of the sentence;

(2)(A) the judgment of conviction was reversed or vacated, and the indictment or information dismissed or, if a new trial was ordered, either the petitioner was found not guilty at the new trial or the petitioner was not retried and the indictment or information dismissed; or (B) the statute, or application thereof, on which the indictment or information was based violated the Constitution of the United States or the State of Illinois;

(3) the petitioner is innocent of the offenses charged in the indictment or information or his or her acts or omissions charged in the indictment or information did not constitute a felony or misdemeanor against the State; and

(4) the petitioner did not by his or her own conduct voluntarily cause or bring about his or her conviction.

(h) If the court finds that the petitioner is entitled to a judgment, it shall enter a certificate of innocence finding that the petitioner was innocent of all offenses for which he or she was incarcerated. Upon entry of the certificate of innocence or pardon from the Governor stating that such pardon was issued on the ground of innocence of the crime for which he or she was imprisoned, (1) the clerk of the court shall transmit a copy of the certificate of innocence to the clerk of the Court of Claims, together with the claimant's current address; and (2) the court shall enter an order expunging the record of arrest from the official records of the arresting authority and order that the records of the clerk of the circuit court and the Illinois State Police be sealed until further order of the court upon good cause shown or as otherwise provided herein, and the name of the defendant obliterated from the official index requested to be kept by the circuit court clerk under Section 16 of the Clerks of Courts Act in connection with the arrest and conviction for the offense but the order shall not affect any index issued by the circuit court clerk before the entry of the order. The court shall enter the expungement order regardless of whether the petitioner has prior criminal convictions.

All records sealed by the Illinois State Police may be disseminated by the Department only as required by law or to the arresting authority, the State's Attorney, the court upon a later arrest for the same or similar offense, or for the purpose of sentencing for any subsequent felony. Upon conviction for any subsequent offense, the Department of Corrections shall have access to all sealed records of the Department pertaining to that individual.

Upon entry of the order of expungement, the clerk of the circuit court shall promptly mail a copy of the order to the person whose records were expunged and sealed. The clerk shall post in the common areas of the courthouse a notice containing information about grants for exonerated persons and their dependents under Section 62 of the Higher Education Student Assistance Act, including the Internet address of the Illinois Student Assistance Commission. The Illinois Student Assistance Commission shall develop a uniform statewide notice and provide the format of the notice to each clerk.

(i) Any person seeking a certificate of innocence under this Section based on the dismissal of an indictment or information or acquittal that occurred before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly shall file his or her petition within 2 years after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly. Any person seeking a certificate of innocence under this Section based on the dismissal of an indictment or information or acquittal that occurred on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly shall file his or her petition within 2 years after the dismissal.

(j) The decision to grant or deny a certificate of innocence shall be binding only with respect to claims filed in the Court of Claims and shall not have a res judicata effect on any other proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 103-1046, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 8 heading) Part 8. Class Action

(735 ILCS 5/2-801) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-801)

Sec. 2-801. Prerequisites for the maintenance of a class action. An action may be maintained as a class action in any court of this State and a party may sue or be sued as a representative party of the class only if the court finds:

(1) The class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable.

(2) There are questions of fact or law common to the class, which common questions predominate over any questions affecting only individual members.

(3) The representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interest of the class.

(4) The class action is an appropriate method for the fair and efficient adjudication of the controversy.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-802) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-802)

Sec. 2-802. Order and findings relative to the class. (a) Determination of Class. As soon as practicable after the commencement of an action brought as a class action, the court shall determine by order whether it may be so maintained and describe those whom the court finds to be members of the class. This order may be conditional and may be amended before a decision on the merits.

(b) Class Action on Limited Issues and Sub-classes. When appropriate, an action may be brought or maintained as a class action with respect to particular issues, or divided into sub-classes and each sub-class treated as a class. The provisions of this rule shall then be construed and applied accordingly.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-803) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-803)

Sec. 2-803. Notice in class cases. Upon a determination that an action may be maintained as a class action, or at any time during the conduct of the action, the court in its discretion may order such notice that it deems necessary to protect the interests of the class and the parties.

An order entered under subsection (a) of Section 2-802 of this Act, determining that an action may be maintained as a class action, may be conditioned upon the giving of such notice as the court deems appropriate.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-804) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-804)

Sec. 2-804. Intervention by and exclusion of class members. (a) Intervention. Any class member seeking to intervene or otherwise appear in the action may do so with leave of court and such leave shall be liberally granted except when the court finds that such intervention will disrupt the conduct of the action or otherwise prejudice the rights of the parties or the class.

(b) Exclusion. Any class member seeking to be excluded from a class action may request such exclusion and any judgment entered in the action shall not apply to persons who properly request to be excluded.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-805) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-805)

Sec. 2-805. Judgments in class cases. Any judgment entered in a class action brought under Section 2-801 of this Act shall be binding on all class members, as the class is defined by the court, except those who have been properly excluded from the class under subsection (b) of Section 2-804 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-806) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-806)

Sec. 2-806. Dismissal or compromise of class cases. Any action brought as a class action under Section 2-801 of this Act shall not be compromised or dismissed except with the approval of the court and, unless excused for good cause shown, upon notice as the court may direct.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-807)

Sec. 2-807. Residual funds in a common fund created in a class action.

(a) Definitions. As used in this Section:

"Eligible organization" means a not-for-profit organization that:

(i) has been in existence for no less than 3 years;

(ii) has been tax exempt for no less than 3 years from the payment of federal taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code;

(iii) is in compliance with registration and filing requirements applicable pursuant to the Charitable Trust Act and the Solicitation for Charity Act; and

(iv) has a principal purpose of promoting or providing services that would be eligible for funding under the Illinois Equal Justice Act.

"Residual funds" means all unclaimed funds, including uncashed checks or other unclaimed payments, that remain in a common fund created in a class action after court-approved payments are made for the following:

(i) class member claims;

(ii) attorney's fees and costs; and

(iii) any reversions to a defendant agreed upon by the parties.

(b) Settlement. An order approving a proposed settlement of a class action that results in the creation of a common fund for the benefit of the class shall, consistent with the other Sections of this Part, establish a process for the administration of the settlement and shall provide for the distribution of any residual funds to one or more eligible organizations, except that up to 50% of the residual funds may be distributed to one or more other nonprofit charitable organizations or other organizations that serve the public good if the court finds there is good cause to approve such a distribution as part of a settlement.

(c) Judgment. A judgment in favor of the plaintiff in a class action that results in the creation of a common fund for the benefit of the class shall provide for the distribution of any residual funds to one or more eligible organizations.

(d) State and its political subdivisions. This Section does not apply to any class action lawsuit against the State of Illinois or any of its political subdivisions.

(e) Application. This Section applies to all actions commenced on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly and to all actions pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly for which no court order has been entered preliminarily approving a proposed settlement for a class of plaintiffs.

(Source: P.A. 95-479, eff. 7-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 9 heading) Part 9. Action on Penal Bond

(735 ILCS 5/2-901) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-901)

Sec. 2-901. Actions on penal bonds. In an action on a penal bond the plaintiff may allege as many breaches as the plaintiff may think fit. Damages shall be assessed for the breaches which are proved. The judgment for the penalty stands as security for all other breaches which may occur thereafter. The court may at any time thereafter, upon motion of plaintiff and 10 days' notice, assess damages for each subsequent breach. An order shall be entered after each assessment of damages for the enforcement of the judgment for the amount of the additional damages assessed, until the full amount of the judgment is paid.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 10 heading) Part 10. Pre-trial Steps

(735 ILCS 5/2-1001) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1001)

Sec. 2-1001. Substitution of judge.

(a) A substitution of judge in any civil action may be had in the following situations:

(1) Involvement of judge. When the judge is a party or interested in the action, or his or her testimony is material to either of the parties to the action, or he or she is related to or has been counsel for any party in regard to the matter in controversy. In any such situation a substitution of judge may be awarded by the court with or without the application of either party.

(2) Substitution as of right. When a party timely exercises his or her right to a substitution without cause as provided in this paragraph (2).

(i) Each party shall be entitled to one substitution of judge without cause as a matter of right.

(ii) An application for substitution of judge as of right shall be made by motion and shall be granted if it is presented before trial or hearing begins and before the judge to whom it is presented has ruled on any substantial issue in the case, or if it is presented by consent of the parties.

(iii) If any party has not entered an appearance in the case and has not been found in default, rulings in the case by the judge on any substantial issue before the party's appearance shall not be grounds for denying an otherwise timely application for substitution of judge as of right by the party.

(3) Substitution for cause. When cause exists.

(i) Each party shall be entitled to a substitution or substitutions of judge for cause.

(ii) Every application for substitution of judge for cause shall be made by petition, setting forth the specific cause for substitution and praying a substitution of judge. The petition shall be verified by the affidavit of the applicant.

(iii) Upon the filing of a petition for substitution of judge for cause, a hearing to determine whether the cause exists shall be conducted as soon as possible by a judge other than the judge named in the petition. The judge named in the petition need not testify but may submit an affidavit if the judge wishes. If the petition is allowed, the case shall be assigned to a judge not named in the petition. If the petition is denied, the case shall be assigned back to the judge named in the petition.

(4) Substitution in contempt proceedings. When any defendant in a proceeding for contempt arising from an attack upon the character or conduct of a judge occurring otherwise than in open court, and the proceeding is pending before the judge whose character or conduct was impugned, fears that he or she will not receive a fair and impartial trial before that judge. In any such situation the application shall be by petition, verified by the applicant, and shall be filed before the trial of the contempt proceeding.

(b) An application for substitution of judge may be made to the court in which the case is pending, reasonable notice of the application having been given to the adverse party or his or her attorney.

(c) When a substitution of judge is granted, the case may be assigned to some other judge in the same county, or in some other convenient county, to which there is no valid objection. If the case is assigned to a judge in some other county, the provisions of subsections (f) through (m) of Section 2-1001.5 shall apply.

(Source: P.A. 94-531, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1001.5) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1001.5)

Sec. 2-1001.5. Change of venue.

(a) A change of venue in any civil action may be had when the court determines that any party may not receive a fair trial in the court in which the action is pending because the inhabitants of the county are prejudiced against the party, or his or her attorney, or the adverse party has an undue influence over the minds of the inhabitants.

(b) Every application for a change of venue by a party or his or her attorney shall be by petition, verified by the affidavit of the applicant. The petition shall set forth the facts upon which the petitioner bases his or her belief of prejudice of the inhabitants of the county or the undue influence of the adverse party over their minds, and must be supported by the affidavits of at least 2 other reputable persons residing in the county. The adverse party may controvert the petition by counter affidavits, and the court may grant or deny the petition as shall appear to be according to the right of the case.

(c) A petition for change of venue shall not be granted unless it is presented before trial or hearing begins and before the judge to whom it is presented has ruled on any substantial issue in the case, but if any ground for change of venue occurs thereafter, a petition for change of venue may be presented based upon that ground.

(d) The application may be made to the court in which the case is pending, reasonable notice thereof having been given to the adverse party or his or her attorney.

(e) When a change of venue is granted, it shall be to some other convenient county to which there is no valid objection.

(f) The order for a change of venue may be made subject to such equitable terms and conditions as safety to the rights of the parties may seem to require, and the court in its discretion may prescribe.

(g) The expenses attending a change of venue shall be taxed by the clerk of the court from which the case is certified according to the rates established by law for like services, and shall be paid by the petitioner and not allowed as part of the costs in the action.

(h) The order shall be void unless the party obtaining a change of venue shall, within 15 days, or such shorter time as the court may prescribe, pay to the clerk the expenses attending the change.

(i) Where the venue is changed without the application of either party, the costs of such change shall abide the event of the action.

(j) In all cases of change of venue, the clerk of the court from which the change is granted shall immediately prepare a full transcript of the record and proceedings in the case, and of the petition, affidavits and order for the change of venue, and transmit the same, together with all the papers filed in the case, to the proper court, but when the venue is changed, on behalf of a part of the defendants in a condemnation proceeding, it shall not be necessary to transmit the original papers in the case, and it shall be sufficient to transmit certified copies of so much thereof as pertains to the case so changed. Such transcript and papers or copies may be transmitted by mail, or in such other ways as the court may direct.

(k) The clerk of the court to which the change of venue is granted shall file the transcript and papers transmitted and docket the cause, and such cause shall be proceeded in and determined before and after judgment, as if it had originated in such court.

(l) All questions concerning the regularity of the proceedings in a change of venue, and the right of the court to which the change is made to try the cause and enforce the judgment, shall be considered as waived after trial and verdict.

(m) Upon the entry of judgment of any civil cause in which the venue has been changed, it shall be lawful for the party in whose favor judgment is entered, to file in the office of the clerk of the court where the action was instituted a transcript of such judgment, and the clerk shall file the same of record, and enforcement may be had thereon, and the same shall, from the time of filing such transcript, have the same operation and effect as if originally recovered in such court.

(Source: P.A. 87-949.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1003) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1003)

Sec. 2-1003. Discovery and depositions.

(a) Discovery, such as admissions of fact and of genuineness of documents, physical and mental examinations of parties and other persons, the taking of any depositions, and interrogatories, shall be in accordance with rules.

(b) (Blank).

(c) (Blank).

(d) Whenever the defendant in any litigation in this State has the right to demand a physical or mental examination of the plaintiff pursuant to statute or Supreme Court Rule, relative to the occurrence and extent of injuries or damages for which claim is made, or in connection with the plaintiff's capacity to exercise any right plaintiff has, or would have but for a finding based upon such examination, the plaintiff has the right to have his or her attorney, or such other person as the plaintiff may wish, present at such physical or mental examination. The plaintiff also has the right to designate an additional person to be present and video record the examination. The changes to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly apply to actions commenced or pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly.

(e) No person or organization shall be required to furnish claims, loss or risk management information held or provided by an insurer, which information is described in Section 143.10a of the "Illinois Insurance Code".

(Source: P.A. 103-388, eff. 7-28-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1004) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1004)

Sec. 2-1004. Pretrial procedure. The holding of pretrial conferences shall be in accordance with rules.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1005) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1005)

Sec. 2-1005. Summary judgments. (a) For plaintiff. Any time after the opposite party has appeared or after the time within which he or she is required to appear has expired, a plaintiff may move with or without supporting affidavits for a summary judgment in his or her favor for all or any part of the relief sought.

(b) For defendant. A defendant may, at any time, move with or without supporting affidavits for a summary judgment in his or her favor as to all or any part of the relief sought against him or her.

(c) Procedure. The opposite party may prior to or at the time of the hearing on the motion file counteraffidavits. The judgment sought shall be rendered without delay if the pleadings, depositions, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. A summary judgment, interlocutory in character, may be rendered on the issue of liability alone although there is a genuine issue as to the amount of damages.

(d) Summary determination of major issues. If the court determines that there is no genuine issue of material fact as to one or more of the major issues in the case, but that substantial controversy exists with respect to other major issues, or if a party moves for a summary determination of one or more, but less than all, of the major issues in the case, and the court finds that there is no genuine issue of material fact as to that issue or those issues, the court shall thereupon draw an order specifying the major issue or issues that appear without substantial controversy, and directing such further proceedings upon the remaining undetermined issues as are just. Upon the trial of the case, the facts so specified shall be deemed established, and the trial shall be conducted accordingly.

(e) Form of affidavits. The form and contents of and procedure relating to affidavits under this Section shall be as provided by rule.

(f) Affidavits made in bad faith. If it appears to the satisfaction of the court at any time that any affidavit presented pursuant to this Section is presented in bad faith or solely for the purpose of delay, the court shall without delay order the party employing it to pay to the other party the amount of the reasonable expenses which the filing of the affidavit caused him or her to incur, including reasonable attorney's fees, and any offending party or attorney may be adjudged guilty of contempt.

(g) Amendment of pleading. Before or after the entry of a summary judgment, the court shall permit pleadings to be amended upon just and reasonable terms.

(Source: P.A. 84-316.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1006) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1006)

Sec. 2-1006. Consolidation and severance of cases. An action may be severed, and actions pending in the same court may be consolidated, as an aid to convenience, whenever it can be done without prejudice to a substantial right.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1007) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1007)

Sec. 2-1007. Extension of time and continuances. On good cause shown, in the discretion of the court and on just terms, additional time may be granted for the doing of any act or the taking of any step or proceeding prior to judgment.

The circumstances, terms and conditions under which continuances may be granted, the time and manner in which application therefor shall be made, and the effect thereof, shall be according to rules. However, in actions involving building code violations or violations of municipal ordinances caused by the failure of a building or structure to conform to the minimum standards of health and safety, the court shall grant a continuance only upon a written motion by the party seeking the continuance specifying the reason why such continuance should be granted.

It is sufficient cause for the continuance of any action that any party applying therefor or his or her attorney is a member of either house of the General Assembly during the time the General Assembly is in session, or if any party's attorney is a bona fide member of a religious faith that dictates that the individual refrain from normal business activity or attend religious services as a part of the observance of a religious holiday and requests a continuance to observe such religious holiday when the date of a scheduled court proceeding conflicts with the date of such holiday, or if any party applying therefor or his or her attorney is a delegate to a State Constitutional Convention during the time the Constitutional Convention is in session, if the presence of such party is necessary for the full and fair trial of the action and, in the case of his or her attorney, if such attorney was retained by such party prior to the time the cause was set for trial.

(Source: P.A. 84-931.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1007.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1007.1)

Sec. 2-1007.1. Preference in setting for trial.

(a) A party who is an individual or, in the case of a wrongful death action, is the surviving spouse or next of kin and who has reached the age of 67 years shall, upon motion by that party or the administrator of the estate of the deceased person or special administrator, be entitled to preference in setting for trial, which shall commence within one year of the hearing on the motion, unless the court finds that the party does not have a substantial interest in the case as a whole. The trial setting shall apply only to the moving party and to those defendants who have appeared and answered the complaint at the time notice of the motion for preference in setting for trial is served. If any new party is added to a lawsuit after the setting of a trial under this Section, any party may move the court to amend the trial setting to allow for trial to commence up to one year after the date a new defendant appeared and answered the complaint or up to one year after the date a plaintiff was added to the lawsuit.

(b) The court shall grant a motion for preference in setting for trial where a party or, in the case of a wrongful death action, the surviving spouse or next of kin shows substantial physical or financial hardship or alternatively shows good cause that the interests of justice will be served by granting a preference in setting for trial within one year of the hearing on the motion.

(c) Any party may move for a trial continuance of up to 6 months for good cause shown. Any subsequent motions for trial continuance under this Section shall be granted only to the extent necessary for trial to commence as soon as practicable.

(d) The changes to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly apply to actions commenced or pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 103-388, eff. 7-28-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1008) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1008)

Sec. 2-1008. Abatement; change of interest or liability; substitution of parties.

(a) Change of interest or liability. If by reason of marriage, bankruptcy, assignment, or any other event occurring after the commencement of a cause or proceeding, either before or after judgment, causing a change or transmission of interest or liability, or by reason of any person interested coming into existence after commencement of the action, it becomes necessary or desirable that any person not already a party be before the court, or that any person already a party be made party in another capacity, the action does not abate, but on motion an order may be entered that the proper parties be substituted or added, and that the cause or proceeding be carried on with the remaining parties and new parties, with or without a change in the title of the cause.

(b) Death. If a party to an action dies and the action is one which survives, the proper party or parties may be substituted by order of court upon motion as follows:

(1) If no petition for letters of office for the decedent's estate has been filed, the court may appoint a special representative for the deceased for the purpose of prosecuting the action. The appointment shall be on verified motion of any party who appears entitled to participate in the deceased's estate, reciting the names and last known addresses of all known heirs and the legatees and executor named in any will that has been filed. The court's determination that a person appears entitled to participate in the deceased's estate shall be solely for purposes of this Section and not determinative of rights in final disposition. Within 90 days after appointment, the special representative shall notify the heirs and legatees of the following information by mail: that an appointment has been made, the court in which the case was filed, the caption of the case, and a description of the nature of the case. The special representative shall publish notice to unknown heirs and legatees as provided in the Probate Act of 1975. If a will is filed within 90 days after the appointment of the special representative, the same notice shall be given to any additional executors and legatees named in the will. At any time that an estate is opened with a representative other than the special representative, the court may upon motion substitute the representative for the special representative. In this case, the court shall allow disbursements and fees of the special representative and his or her attorney as a claim against any proceeds received. The proceeds of any judgment or settlement shall be distributed under the provisions of the Probate Act of 1975. This paragraph (1) does not apply to actions pending under the Wrongful Death Act.

(2) If a person against whom an action has been brought dies, and the cause of action survives and is not otherwise barred, his or her personal representative shall be substituted as a party. If no petition has been filed for letters of office for the deceased's estate, the court, upon the motion of a person bringing an action and after the notice to the party's heirs or legatees as the court directs and without opening an estate, may appoint a special representative for the deceased party for the purposes of defending the action. If a party elects to have a special representative appointed under this paragraph (2), the recovery shall be limited to the proceeds of any liability insurance protecting the estate and shall not bar the estate from enforcing any claims that might have been available to it as counterclaims.

If a motion to substitute is not filed within 90 days after the death is suggested of record, the action may be dismissed as to the deceased party.

In the event of the death of a party in an action in which the right sought to be enforced survives only as to the remaining parties to the action, the action does not abate. The death shall be suggested of record and the action shall proceed in favor of or against the remaining parties.

No action brought for the use of another abates by reason of the death of the plaintiff whose name is used but may be maintained by the party for whose use it was brought in his or her own name upon suggesting the death of record and the entry of an order of substitution.

(c) Legal disability. If a party is declared to be a person under legal disability, that fact shall be suggested of record and the prosecution or defense shall be maintained by his or her representative, guardian ad litem or next friend, as may be appropriate.

(d) Trustees; public officers. If any trustee or any public officer ceases to hold the trust or office and that fact is suggested of record, the action shall proceed in favor of or against his or her successor.

(e) Service of process. Parties against whom relief is sought, substituted under subsection (a) hereof, shall be brought in by service of process. Service of process on parties substituted under subsections (b), (c), and (d) hereof is not required, but notice shall be given as the court may direct.

(Source: P.A. 90-111, eff. 7-14-97.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1009) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1009)

Sec. 2-1009. Voluntary dismissal.

(a) The plaintiff may, at any time before trial or hearing begins, upon notice to each party who has appeared or each such party's attorney, and upon payment of costs, dismiss his or her action or any part thereof as to any defendant, without prejudice, by order filed in the cause.

(b) The court may hear and decide a motion that has been filed prior to a motion filed under subsection (a) of this Section when that prior filed motion, if favorably ruled on by the court, could result in a final disposition of the cause.

(c) After trial or hearing begins, the plaintiff may dismiss, only on terms fixed by the court (1) upon filing a stipulation to that effect signed by the defendant, or (2) on motion specifying the ground for dismissal, which shall be supported by affidavit or other proof.

(d) A dismissal under subsection (a) of this Section does not dismiss a pending counterclaim or third party complaint.

(e) Counterclaimants and third-party plaintiffs may dismiss upon the same terms and conditions as plaintiffs.

(Source: P.A. 88-157.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1010) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1010)

Sec. 2-1010. (a) In any action, whether in tort, contract or otherwise, in which the plaintiff seeks damages for injuries or death by reason of medical, hospital, or other healing art malpractice, a party may, in lieu of answering or otherwise pleading, file an affidavit certifying that he or she was not directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence or occurrences alleged in the action. In the event such an affidavit is filed, the court shall order the dismissal of the claim against the certifying party, except as provided for in subparagraph (b).

(b) Any party may oppose the dismissal or move to vacate the order of dismissal and reinstate the certifying party, provided he or she can show that the certifying party was directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence or occurrences alleged in the action. The party opposing the dismissal may, after the filing of an affidavit under this Section, have discovery with respect to the involvement or noninvolvement of the party filing the affidavit, provided that such discovery is completed within 60 days of the filing of such affidavit.

(c) This Section does not apply to or affect any actions pending at the time of its effective date, but applies to cases filed on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1011) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1011)

Sec. 2-1011. Deposits with Court.

(a) In any action in which any part of the relief sought is a judgment for a sum of money or a determination by the court as to the disposition of a sum of money and a party to the action deposits all or part of that sum with the clerk of the court, the clerk shall deposit that money in an interest bearing account as provided in this Section. When a judgment is entered as to the disposition of the principal deposited, the court shall also direct disposition of the interest accrued to the parties as it deems appropriate.

(b) Unless otherwise ordered by the court as to a specified deposit or deposits, all funds so deposited with the court may be intermingled. The accounts established by the clerk of the circuit court under this Section shall be in banks or savings and loan associations doing business in this State. The accounts must be insured by an agency of the United States to the full extent of the amounts held in the accounts. The clerk shall keep complete and accurate records of the amounts deposited with the court in each action and of the accounts containing those deposits. The records and accounts shall be subject to audit, as provided by law. The clerk shall, upon request of any party in an action in which a sum of money has been deposited with the court under this Section, furnish to that party a statement showing the condition of the deposit or of the account containing the deposit.

(c) Payment out of money deposited with the court shall be made only upon order of the court after a finding that:

(1) the order is consistent with the account records as to the amount involved; and

(2) the order correctly identifies affected parties and specifies to whom payments are to be made and the amount each is to receive.

(d) No moneys on deposit under this Section shall be paid out except by a check of the clerk.

(e) Orders to pay out may be made under terms and conditions as the court may, in its discretion, deem appropriate, subject to the provisions of this Section. The orders may be stayed pending appeal upon application under Supreme Court Rule 305.

(Source: P.A. 86-1329.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 10A heading) PART 10A. MANDATORY ARBITRATION SYSTEM

(735 ILCS 5/2-1001A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1001A)

Sec. 2-1001A. Authorization. The Supreme Court of Illinois, by rule, may provide for mandatory arbitration of such civil actions as the Court deems appropriate in order to expedite in a less costly manner any litigation wherein a party asserts a claim not exceeding $75,000 or any lesser amount as authorized by the Supreme Court for a particular Circuit, or a judge of the circuit court, at a pretrial conference, determines that no greater amount than that authorized for the Circuit appears to be genuinely in controversy.

(Source: P.A. 102-89, eff. 7-9-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1002A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1002A)

Sec. 2-1002A. Implementation by Supreme Court Rules. The Supreme Court shall by rule adopt procedures adapted to each judicial circuit to implement mandatory arbitration under this Act.

(Source: P.A. 84-844.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1003A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1003A)

Sec. 2-1003A. Qualification, Appointment, and Compensation of Arbitrators. The qualification and the method of appointment of arbitrators shall be prescribed by rule. Arbitrators shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for their services. Arbitration hearings shall be conducted by arbitrators sitting in panels of three or of such lesser number as may be stipulated by the parties.

(Source: P.A. 84-844.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1004A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1004A)

Sec. 2-1004A. Decision and Award. Following an arbitration hearing as prescribed by rule, the arbitrators' decision shall be filed with the circuit court, together with proof of service on the parties. Within the time prescribed by rule, any party to the proceeding may file with the clerk of the court a written notice of the rejection of the award. In case of such rejection, the parties may, upon payment of appropriate costs and fees imposed by Supreme Court Rule as a consequence of the rejection, proceed to trial before a judge or jury. Costs and fees received by the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to this Section shall be remitted within one month after receipt to the State Treasurer for deposit into the Mandatory Arbitration Fund.

(Source: P.A. 85-408; 85-1007.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1005A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1005A)

Sec. 2-1005A. Judgment of the Court. If no rejection of the award is filed, a judge of the circuit court may enter the award as the judgment of the court.

(Source: P.A. 84-844.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1006A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1006A)

Sec. 2-1006A. Uniform Arbitration Act. The provisions of the Uniform Arbitration Act shall not be applicable to the proceedings under this Part 10A of Article II.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1007A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1007A)

Sec. 2-1007A. The expenses of conducting mandatory arbitration programs in the circuit court, including arbitrator fees, and the expenses related to conducting such other alternative dispute resolution programs as may be authorized by circuit court rule for operation in counties that have implemented mandatory arbitration, shall be determined by the Supreme Court and paid from the State Treasury on the warrant of the Comptroller out of appropriations made for that purpose by the General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 89-532, eff. 7-19-96.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1008A)

Sec. 2-1008A. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 85-408. Repealed by P.A. 97-1099, eff. 8-24-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1009A) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1009A)

Sec. 2-1009A. Filing Fees. In each county authorized by the Supreme Court to utilize mandatory arbitration, the clerk of the circuit court shall charge and collect, in addition to any other fees, an arbitration fee of $8, except in counties with 3,000,000 or more inhabitants the fee shall be $10, at the time of filing the first pleading, paper or other appearance filed by each party in all civil cases, but no additional fee shall be required if more than one party is represented in a single pleading, paper or other appearance. Arbitration fees received by the clerk of the circuit court pursuant to this Section shall be remitted within one month after receipt to the State Treasurer for deposit into the Mandatory Arbitration Fund, a special fund in the State treasury for the purpose of funding mandatory arbitration programs and such other alternative dispute resolution programs as may be authorized by circuit court rule for operation in counties that have implemented mandatory arbitration, with a separate account being maintained for each county. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section to the contrary, the Mandatory Arbitration Fund may be used for any other purpose authorized by the Supreme Court.

(Source: P.A. 94-91, eff. 7-1-05; 94-839, eff. 6-6-06; 95-707, eff. 1-11-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 11 heading) Part 11. Trial

(735 ILCS 5/2-1101) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1101)

Sec. 2-1101. Subpoenas. The clerk of any court in which an action is pending shall, from time to time, issue subpoenas for those witnesses and to those counties in the State as may be required by either party. Every clerk who shall refuse so to do shall be guilty of a petty offense and fined any sum not to exceed $100. An attorney admitted to practice in the State of Illinois, as an officer of the court, may also issue subpoenas on behalf of the court for witnesses and to counties in a pending action. An order of court is not required to obtain the issuance by the clerk or by an attorney of a subpoena duces tecum. For good cause shown, the court on motion may quash or modify any subpoena or, in the case of a subpoena duces tecum, condition the denial of the motion upon payment in advance by the person in whose behalf the subpoena is issued of the reasonable expense of producing any item therein specified.

In the event that a party has subpoenaed an expert witness including, but not limited to physicians or medical providers, and the expert witness appears in court, and a conflict arises between the party subpoenaing the expert witness and the expert witness over the fees charged by the expert witness, the trial court shall be advised of the conflict. The trial court shall conduct a hearing subsequent to the testimony of the expert witness and shall determine the reasonable fee to be paid to the expert witness.

(Source: P.A. 95-1033, eff. 6-1-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1102) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1102)

Sec. 2-1102. Examination of adverse party or agent. Upon the trial of any case any party thereto or any person for whose immediate benefit the action is prosecuted or defended, or the officers, directors, managing agents or foreman of any party to the action, may be called and examined as if under cross-examination at the instance of any adverse party. The party calling for the examination is not concluded thereby but may rebut the testimony thus given by countertestimony and may impeach the witness by proof of prior inconsistent statements.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1103) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1103)

Sec. 2-1103. Affidavits. (a) All affidavits presented to the court shall be filed with the clerk.

(b) If evidence is necessary concerning any fact which according to law and the practice of the court may now be supplied by affidavit, the court may, in its discretion, require the evidence to be presented, wholly or in part, by oral examination of the witnesses in open court upon notice to all parties not in default, or their attorneys. If the evidence is presented by oral examination, an adverse party shall have the right to cross-examination. This Section does not apply to applications for change of venue on grounds of prejudice.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1104) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1104)

Sec. 2-1104. Party need not submit to lie detector. In the course of any civil trial or pre-trial proceeding the court shall not require that the plaintiff or defendant submit to a polygraphic detection deception test, commonly known as a lie detector test or require, suggest or request that the plaintiff or defendant submit to questioning under the effect of thiopental sodium or to any other test or questioning by means of any chemical substance.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1105) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1105)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 98-1132, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1105. Jury demand.

(a) A plaintiff desirous of a trial by jury must file a demand therefor with the clerk at the time the action is commenced. A defendant desirous of a trial by jury must file a demand therefor not later than the filing of his or her answer. Otherwise, the party waives a jury. If an action is filed seeking equitable relief and the court thereafter determines that one or more of the parties is or are entitled to a trial by jury, the plaintiff, within 3 days from the entry of such order by the court, or the defendant, within 6 days from the entry of such order by the court, may file his or her demand for trial by jury with the clerk of the court. If the plaintiff files a jury demand and thereafter waives a jury, any defendant and, in the case of multiple defendants, if the defendant who filed a jury demand thereafter waives a jury, any other defendant shall be granted a jury trial upon demand therefor made promptly after being advised of the waiver and upon payment of the proper fees, if any, to the clerk.

(b) All jury cases shall be tried by a jury of 6. If alternate jurors are requested, an additional fee established by the county shall be charged for each alternate juror requested. For all cases filed prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly, if a party has paid for a jury of 12, that party may demand a jury of 12 upon proof of payment.

(Source: P.A. 98-1132, eff. 6-1-15.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 98-1132, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1105. Jury demand.

(a) A plaintiff desirous of a trial by jury must file a demand therefor with the clerk at the time the action is commenced. A defendant desirous of a trial by jury must file a demand therefor not later than the filing of his or her answer. Otherwise, the party waives a jury. If an action is filed seeking equitable relief and the court thereafter determines that one or more of the parties is or are entitled to a trial by jury, the plaintiff, within 3 days from the entry of such order by the court, or the defendant, within 6 days from the entry of such order by the court, may file his or her demand for trial by jury with the clerk of the court. If the plaintiff files a jury demand and thereafter waives a jury, any defendant and, in the case of multiple defendants, if the defendant who filed a jury demand thereafter waives a jury, any other defendant shall be granted a jury trial upon demand therefor made promptly after being advised of the waiver and upon payment of the proper fees, if any, to the clerk.

(b) All jury cases where the claim for damages is $50,000 or less shall be tried by a jury of 6, unless either party demands a jury of 12. If a fee in connection with a jury demand is required by statute or rule of court, the fee for a jury of 6 shall be 1/2 the fee for a jury of 12. A party demanding a jury of 12 after another party has paid the applicable fee for a jury of 6 shall pay the remaining 1/2 of the fee applicable to a jury of 12.

(Source: P.A. 94-206, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1105.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1105.1)

Sec. 2-1105.1. Challenge for cause. Each party may challenge jurors for cause. If a prospective juror has a physical impairment, the court shall consider such prospective juror's ability to perceive and appreciate the evidence when considering a challenge for cause.

(Source: P.A. 83-461.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1106) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1106)

Sec. 2-1106. Peremptory challenges - Alternate jurors. (a) Each side shall be entitled to 5 peremptory challenges. If there is more than one party on any side, the court may allow each side additional peremptory challenges, not to exceed 3, on account of each additional party on the side having the greatest number of parties. Each side shall be allowed an equal number of peremptory challenges. If the parties on a side are unable to agree upon the allocation of peremptory challenges among themselves, the allocation shall be determined by the court.

(b) The court may direct that 1 or 2 jurors in addition to the regular panel be impanelled to serve as alternate jurors. Alternate jurors, in the sequence in which they are ordered into the jury box, shall replace jurors who, prior to the time the jury retires to consider its verdict, become unable to perform their duties. Alternate jurors shall be drawn in the same manner, have the same qualifications, be subject to the same examination and challenges, take the same oath, and have the same functions, powers, facilities, and privileges as the principal jurors. An alternate juror who does not replace a principal juror shall be discharged at the time the jury retires to consider its verdict. If alternate jurors are called each side shall be allowed one additional peremptory challenge, regardless of the number of alternate jurors called. The additional peremptory challenge may be used only against an alternate juror, but any unexercised peremptory challenges may be used against an alternate juror.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1107) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1107)

Sec. 2-1107. Instructing the jury - Taking instructions and papers to the jury room. (a) The court shall give instructions to the jury only in writing, unless the parties agree otherwise, and only as to the law of the case. An original and one copy of each instruction asked by any party shall be tendered to the court. The copies shall be numbered and shall indicate who tendered them. Copies of instructions given on the court's own motion or modified by the court shall be so identified. When instructions are asked which the court refuses to give, the court shall on the margin of the original and copy write the word "refused" and shall write the word "given" on the margin of the original and copy of those given. The court shall in no case, after instructions are given, clarify, modify or in any manner explain them to the jury, otherwise than in writing, unless the parties agree otherwise.

(b) The original written instructions given by the court to the jury shall be taken by the jury to the jury room, and shall be returned by the jury with its verdict into court. The originals and copies of all instructions, whether given, modified or refused, shall be filed as a part of the proceedings in the cause.

(c) At the close of the evidence or at any earlier time during the trial that the court reasonably directs, any party may tender instructions and shall at the same time deliver copies thereof to counsel for other parties. If the number or length of the instructions tendered is unreasonable, the court after examining the instructions may require counsel to reduce the number or length thereof. The court shall hold a conference with counsel to settle the instructions and shall inform counsel of the court's proposed action thereon prior to the arguments to the jury. If as a result of the arguments to the jury the court determines that additional instructions are desirable, the court may after a further conference with counsel approve additional instructions. The court shall instruct the jury after the arguments are completed. Conferences on instructions must be out of the presence of the jury.

(d) Papers read or received in evidence, other than depositions, may be taken by the jury to the jury room for use during the jury's deliberation.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1107.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1107.1)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1107.1. Jury instruction in tort actions. In all actions on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property based on negligence, or product liability based on any theory or doctrine, the court shall instruct the jury in writing, to the extent that it is true, that any award of compensatory damages or punitive damages will not be taxable under federal or State income tax law. The court shall not inform or instruct the jury that the defendant shall be found not liable if the jury finds that the contributory fault of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought, but it shall be the duty of the court to deny recovery if the jury finds that the plaintiff's contributory fault is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage. The court shall not inform or instruct the jury concerning any limitations in the amount of non-economic damages or punitive damages that are recoverable, but it shall be the duty of the trial court upon entering judgment to reduce any award in excess of such limitation to no more than the proper limitation.

This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action filed on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1107.1. Jury instruction in tort actions. In all actions on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property based on negligence, or product liability based on strict tort liability, the court shall instruct the jury in writing that the defendant shall be found not liable if the jury finds that the contributory fault of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought.

(Source: P.A. 84-1431.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1108) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1108)

Sec. 2-1108. Verdict - Special interrogatories. Unless the nature of the case requires otherwise, the jury shall render a general verdict. Within the discretion of the court, the jury may be asked to find specially upon any material question or questions of fact submitted to the jury in writing. Any party may request special interrogatories. Special interrogatories shall be tendered, objected to, ruled upon and submitted to the jury as in the case of instructions. Submitting or refusing to submit a question of fact to the jury may be reviewed on appeal to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion. When any special finding of fact is inconsistent with the general verdict, the court shall direct the jury to further consider its answers and verdict. If, in the discretion of the trial court, the jury is unable to render a general verdict consistent with any special finding, the trial court shall order a new trial. During closing arguments, the parties shall be allowed to explain to the jury what may result if the general verdict is inconsistent with any special finding.

This amendatory Act of the 101st General Assembly applies only to trials commencing on or after January 1, 2020.

(Source: P.A. 101-184, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1109) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1109)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1109. Itemized verdicts. In every case where damages for bodily injury or death are assessed by the jury the verdict shall be itemized so as to reflect the monetary distribution, if any, among economic loss and non-economic loss as defined in Section 2-1115.2 and, in healing art malpractice cases, further itemized so as to reflect the distribution of economic loss by category, such itemization of economic loss by category to include: (a) amounts intended to compensate for reasonable expenses which have been incurred, or which will be incurred, for necessary medical, surgical, x-ray, dental, or other health or rehabilitative services, drugs, and therapy; (b) amounts intended to compensate for lost wages or loss of earning capacity; and (c) all other economic losses claimed by the plaintiff or granted by the jury. Each category of economic loss shall be further itemized into amounts intended to compensate for losses which have been incurred prior to the verdict and amounts intended to compensate for future losses.

This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action filed on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1109. Itemized verdicts. In every case where damages for injury to the person are assessed by the jury the verdict shall be itemized so as to reflect the monetary distribution among economic loss and non-economic loss, if any, and, in medical malpractice cases, further itemized so as to reflect the distribution of economic loss by category, such itemization of economic loss by category to include: (a) amounts intended to compensate for reasonable expenses which have been incurred, or which will be incurred, for necessary medical, surgical, x-ray, dental, or other health or rehabilitative services, drugs, and therapy; (b) amounts intended to compensate for lost wages or loss of earning capacity; and (c) all other economic losses claimed by the plaintiff or granted by the jury. Each category of economic loss shall be further itemized into amounts intended to compensate for losses which have been incurred prior to the verdict and amounts intended to compensate for losses which will be incurred in the future.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1110) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1110)

Sec. 2-1110. Motion in non-jury case to find for defendant at close of plaintiff's evidence. In all cases tried without a jury, defendant may, at the close of plaintiff's case, move for a finding or judgment in his or her favor. In ruling on the motion the court shall weigh the evidence, considering the credibility of the witnesses and the weight and quality of the evidence. If the ruling on the motion is favorable to the defendant, a judgment dismissing the action shall be entered. If the ruling on the motion is adverse to the defendant, the defendant may proceed to adduce evidence in support of his or her defense, in which event the motion is waived.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1111) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1111)

Sec. 2-1111. Juries in cases seeking equitable relief. The court may in its discretion direct an issue or issues to be tried by a jury, whenever it is judged necessary in any action seeking equitable relief.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1112) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1112)

Sec. 2-1112. Oral testimony in actions seeking equitable relief. On the trial of every action seeking equitable relief, oral testimony shall be taken when desired by either party.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1113) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1113)

Sec. 2-1113. Medical malpractice - res ipsa loquitur. In all cases of alleged medical or dental malpractice, where the plaintiff relies upon the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, the court shall determine whether that doctrine applies. In making that determination, the court shall rely upon either the common knowledge of laymen, if it determines that to be adequate, or upon expert medical testimony, that the medical result complained of would not have ordinarily occurred in the absence of negligence on the part of the defendant. Proof of an unusual, unexpected or untoward medical result which ordinarily does not occur in the absence of negligence will suffice in the application of the doctrine.

(Source: P.A. 82-783.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1114) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1114)

Sec. 2-1114. Contingent fees for attorneys in medical malpractice actions.

(a) In all medical malpractice actions the total contingent fee for plaintiff's attorney or attorneys shall not exceed 33 1/3% of all sums recovered.

(b) For purposes of determining any lump sum contingent fee, any future damages recoverable by the plaintiff in periodic installments shall be reduced to a lump sum value.

(c) (Blank).

(d) As used in this Section, "contingent fee basis" includes any fee arrangement under which the compensation is to be determined in whole or in part on the result obtained.

(Source: P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1115) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1115)

Sec. 2-1115. Punitive damages not recoverable in healing art and legal malpractice cases. In all cases, whether in tort, contract or otherwise, in which the plaintiff seeks damages by reason of legal, medical, hospital, or other healing art malpractice, no punitive, exemplary, vindictive or aggravated damages shall be allowed.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1115.05)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1115.05. Limitations on recovery of punitive damages in cases other than healing art or legal malpractice cases.

(a) In all cases on account of bodily injury, or physical damage to property based on negligence, or product liability based on any theory or doctrine, other than those cases described in Section 2-1115, punitive damages may be awarded only if actual damages are awarded. The amount of punitive damages that may be awarded for a claim in any civil action subject to this Section shall not exceed 3 times the amount awarded to the claimant for the economic damages on which such claim is based.

(b) To recover punitive damages in cases described in subsection (a), a plaintiff must show by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant's conduct was with evil motive or with a reckless and outrageous indifference to a highly unreasonable risk of harm and with a conscious indifference to the rights and safety of others. "Clear and convincing evidence" means that measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a high degree of certainty as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established. This evidence requires a greater degree of persuasion than is necessary to meet the preponderance of the evidence standard.

(c) In any action including a claim for punitive damages, a defendant may request that the issues relating to punitive damages be tried separately from the other issues in the action. If such a request is made, the trier of fact shall first hear evidence relevant to, and render a verdict upon, the defendant's liability for compensatory damages and the amount thereof. If the trier of fact makes an award of actual damages, the same trier of fact shall immediately hear any additional evidence relevant to, and render a verdict upon, the defendant's liability for punitive damages and the amount thereof. If no award of actual damages is made, the claim for punitive damages shall be dismissed. If the defendant requests a separate proceeding concerning liability for punitive damages pursuant to this Section, and the proceeding is held, evidence relevant only to the claim of punitive damages shall be inadmissible in any proceeding to determine whether compensatory damages are to be awarded.

(d) The limitations of subsection (a) shall not apply in a case in which a plaintiff seeks damages against an individual on account of death, bodily injury, or physical damage to property based on any theory or doctrine due to an incident or occurrence for which the individual has been charged and convicted of a criminal act for which a period of incarceration is or may be a part of the sentence.

(e) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a right to recover punitive damages.

(f) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1115.1)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1115.1. Limitations on recovery of non-economic damages.

(a) In all common law, statutory or other actions that seek damages on account of death, bodily injury, or physical damage to property based on negligence, or product liability based on any theory or doctrine, recovery of non-economic damages shall be limited to $500,000 per plaintiff. There shall be no recovery for hedonic damages.

(b) Beginning in 1997, every January 20, the liability limit established in subsection (a) shall automatically be increased or decreased, as applicable, by a percentage equal to the percentage change in the consumer price index-u during the preceding 12-month calendar year. "Consumer price index-u" means the index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor that measures the average change in prices of goods and services purchased by all urban consumers, United States city average, all items, 1982-84 = 100. The new amount resulting from each annual adjustment shall be determined by the Comptroller and made available to the chief judge of each judicial circuit.

(c) The liability limits at the time at which damages subject to such limits are awarded by final judgment or settlement shall be utilized by the courts.

(d) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a right to recover non-economic damages.

(e) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1115.2)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1115.2. Economic and non-economic loss. In all actions on account of bodily injury, death, physical damage to property based on negligence, or a product liability action as defined in Section 2-2101, the following terms have the following meanings:

(a) "Economic loss" or "economic damages" means all damages which are tangible, such as damages for past and future medical expenses, loss of income or earnings and other property loss.

(b) "Non-economic loss" or "non-economic damages" means damages which are intangible, including but not limited to damages for pain and suffering, disability, disfigurement, loss of consortium, and loss of society.

(c) "Compensatory damages" or "actual damages" are the sum of economic and non-economic damages.

This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action filed on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1116) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1116)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1116. Limitation on recovery in tort actions; fault.

(a) The purpose of this Section is to allocate the responsibility of bearing or paying damages in actions brought on account of death, bodily injury, or physical damage to property according to the proportionate fault of the persons who proximately caused the damage.

(b) As used in this Section:

"Fault" means any act or omission that (i) is negligent, willful and wanton, or reckless, is a breach of an express or implied warranty, gives rise to strict liability in tort, or gives rise to liability under the provisions of any State statute, rule, or local ordinance and (ii) is a proximate cause of death, bodily injury to person, or physical damage to property for which recovery is sought.

"Contributory fault" means any fault on the part of the plaintiff (including but not limited to negligence, assumption of the risk, or willful and wanton misconduct) which is a proximate cause of the death, bodily injury to person, or physical damage to property for which recovery is sought.

"Tortfeasor" means any person, excluding the injured person, whose fault is a proximate cause of the death, bodily injury to person, or physical damage to property for which recovery is sought, regardless of whether that person is the plaintiff's employer, regardless of whether that person is joined as a party to the action, and regardless of whether that person may have settled with the plaintiff.

(c) In all actions on account of death, bodily injury or physical damage to property in which recovery is predicated upon fault, the contributory fault chargeable to the plaintiff shall be compared with the fault of all tortfeasors whose fault was a proximate cause of the death, injury, loss, or damage for which recovery is sought. The plaintiff shall be barred from recovering damages if the trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought. The plaintiff shall not be barred from recovering damages if the trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is not more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought, but any economic or non-economic damages allowed shall be diminished in the proportion to the amount of fault attributable to the plaintiff.

(d) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a cause of action.

(e) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1116. Limitation on recovery in tort actions.

In all actions on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on strict tort liability, the plaintiff shall be barred from recovering damages if the trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought. The plaintiff shall not be barred from recovering damages if the trier of fact finds that the contributory fault on the part of the plaintiff is not more than 50% of the proximate cause of the injury or damage for which recovery is sought, but any damages allowed shall be diminished in the proportion to the amount of fault attributable to the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 84-1431.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1117) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1117)

Sec. 2-1117. Joint liability. Except as provided in Section 2-1118, in actions on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on strict tort liability, all defendants found liable are jointly and severally liable for plaintiff's past and future medical and medically related expenses. Any defendant whose fault, as determined by the trier of fact, is less than 25% of the total fault attributable to the plaintiff, the defendants sued by the plaintiff, and any third party defendant except the plaintiff's employer, shall be severally liable for all other damages. Any defendant whose fault, as determined by the trier of fact, is 25% or greater of the total fault attributable to the plaintiff, the defendants sued by the plaintiff, and any third party defendants except the plaintiff's employer, shall be jointly and severally liable for all other damages.

(Source: P.A. 93-10, eff. 6-4-03; 93-12, eff. 6-4-03.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1118)

(This Section was repealed by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1118. Exceptions. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2-1117, in any action in which the trier of fact determines that the injury or damage for which recovery is sought was caused by an act involving the discharge into the environment of any pollutant, including any waste, hazardous substance, irritant or contaminant, including, but not limited to smoke, vapor, soot, fumes, acids, alkalis, asbestos, toxic or corrosive chemicals, radioactive waste or mine tailings, and including any such material intended to be recycled, reconditioned or reclaimed, any defendants found liable shall be jointly and severally liable for such damage. However, Section 2-1117 shall apply to a defendant who is a response action contractor. As used in this Section, "response action contractor" means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, joint venture or other commercial entity or an employee, agent, sub-contractor, or consultant thereof which enters into a contract, for the performance of remedial or response action, or for the identification, handling, storage, treatment or disposal of a pollutant, which is entered into between any person or entity and a response action contractor when such response action contractor is not liable for the creation or maintenance of the condition to be ameliorated under the contract.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2-1117, in any medical malpractice action, as defined in Section 2-1704, based upon negligence, any defendants found liable shall be jointly and severally liable.

(Source: P.A. 84-1431.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1119)

Sec. 2-1119. Tampering with anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities.

(a) A person tampering with anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities does not have a cause of action against the owner of the equipment, containers, or storage facilities, any person responsible for the installation or operation of the equipment, containers, or storage facilities, the person lawfully selling anhydrous ammonia, the person who lawfully purchases anhydrous ammonia for agricultural purposes, or the person who operates or uses anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities when lawfully applying anhydrous ammonia for agricultural purposes.

(b) No person may commence a derivative action against the owner of anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities, any person responsible for the installation or operation of the equipment, containers, or storage facilities, the person lawfully selling anhydrous ammonia, the person who lawfully purchases anhydrous ammonia for agricultural purposes, or the person who operates or uses anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities when lawfully applying anhydrous ammonia for agricultural purposes when the injured person has tampered with anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities.

(c) Tampering with anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities occurs when any person who is not authorized by the owner of the anhydrous ammonia or anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities transfers or attempts to transfer anhydrous ammonia to another container or causes damage to anhydrous ammonia equipment, containers, or storage facilities.

(d) For purposes of this Section:

"Anhydrous ammonia" means the compound defined in paragraph (d) of Section 3 of the Illinois Fertilizer Act of 1961.

"Anhydrous ammonia equipment", "anhydrous ammonia storage containers", and "anhydrous ammonia storage facilities" are defined in the rules adopted under the Illinois Fertilizer Act of 1961.

(e) The immunity to civil liability provided in this Section does not apply to any act or omission caused by the willful and wanton negligence of any person.

(Source: P.A. 91-263, eff. 1-1-00.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 12 heading) Part 12. Post-Trial

(735 ILCS 5/2-1201) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1201)

Sec. 2-1201. Return of verdict - Separate counts - Defective or unproved counts. (a) It is sufficient for the jury to pronounce its verdict by its foreman in open court, without reducing it to writing, if it is a general verdict. The clerk shall enter it in form, under the direction of the court.

(b) Promptly upon the return of a verdict, the court shall enter judgment thereon.

(c) If there are several counts in a complaint, counterclaim or third-party complaint based on different claims upon which separate recoveries might be had, the court shall, on the motion of any party, direct the jury to find a separate verdict upon each claim.

(d) If several grounds of recovery are pleaded in support of the same claim, whether in the same or different counts, an entire verdict rendered for that claim shall not be set aside or reversed for the reason that any ground is defective, if one or more of the grounds is sufficient to sustain the verdict; nor shall the verdict be set aside or reversed for the reason that the evidence in support of any ground is insufficient to sustain a recovery thereon, unless before the case was submitted to the jury a motion was made to withdraw that ground from the jury on account of insufficient evidence and it appears that the denial of the motion was prejudicial.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1202) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1202)

Sec. 2-1202. Reserved ruling on motion for directed verdict - Post-trial motions in jury cases. (a) If at the close of the evidence, and before the case is submitted to the jury, any party moves for a directed verdict the court may (1) grant the motion or (2) deny the motion or reserve its ruling thereon and submit the case to the jury. If the court denies the motion or reserves its ruling thereon, the motion is waived unless the request is renewed in the post-trial motion.

(b) Relief desired after trial in jury cases, heretofore sought by reserved motions for directed verdict or motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, in arrest of judgment or for new trial, must be sought in a single post-trial motion. Relief after trial may include the entry of judgment if under the evidence in the case it would have been the duty of the court to direct a verdict without submitting the case to the jury, even though no motion for directed verdict was made or if made was denied or ruling thereon reserved. The post-trial motion must contain the points relied upon, particularly specifying the grounds in support thereof, and must state the relief desired, as for example, the entry of a judgment, the granting of a new trial or other appropriate relief. Relief sought in post-trial motions may be in the alternative or may be conditioned upon the denial of other relief asked in preference thereto, as for example, a new trial may be requested in the event a request for judgment is denied.

(c) Post-trial motions must be filed within 30 days after the entry of judgment or the discharge of the jury, if no verdict is reached, or within any further time the court may allow within the 30 days or any extensions thereof. A party against whom judgment is entered pursuant to post-trial motion shall have like time after the entry of the judgment within which to file a post-trial motion.

(d) A post-trial motion filed in apt time stays enforcement of the judgment.

(e) Any party who fails to seek a new trial in his or her post-trial motion, either conditionally or unconditionally, as herein provided, waives the right to apply for a new trial, except in cases in which the jury has failed to reach a verdict.

(f) The court must rule upon all relief sought in all post-trial motions. Although the ruling on a portion of the relief sought renders unnecessary a ruling on other relief sought for purposes of further proceedings in the trial court, the court must nevertheless rule conditionally on the other relief sought by determining whether it should be granted if the unconditional rulings are thereafter reversed, set aside or vacated. The conditional rulings become effective in the event the unconditional rulings are reversed, set aside or vacated.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1203) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1203)

Sec. 2-1203. Motions after judgment in non-jury cases.

(a) In all cases tried without a jury, any party may, within 30 days after the entry of the judgment or within any further time the court may allow within the 30 days or any extensions thereof, file a motion for a rehearing, or a retrial, or modification of the judgment or to vacate the judgment or for other relief.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (a) of Section 413 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, a motion filed in apt time stays enforcement of the judgment except that a judgment granting injunctive or declaratory relief shall be stayed only by a court order that follows a separate application that sets forth just cause for staying the enforcement.

(Source: P.A. 95-902, eff. 1-1-09; 96-1072, eff. 1-1-11.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1204) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1204)

Sec. 2-1204. Arrest of judgment. If judgment is arrested pursuant to post-trial motion for any defect in the record, the plaintiff need not commence his or her action anew. If appropriate, the court shall order new pleadings.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1205) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1205)

Sec. 2-1205. Reduction in amount of recovery. An amount equal to the sum of (i) 50% of the benefits provided for lost wages or private or governmental disability income programs, which have been paid, or which have become payable to the injured person by any other person, corporation, insurance company or fund in relation to a particular injury, and (ii) 100% of the benefits provided for medical charges, hospital charges, or nursing or caretaking charges, which have been paid, or which have become payable to the injured person by any other person, corporation, insurance company or fund in relation to a particular injury, shall be deducted from any judgment in an action to recover for that injury based on an allegation of negligence or other wrongful act, not including intentional torts, on the part of a licensed hospital or physician; provided, however, that:

(1) Application is made within 30 days to reduce the judgment;

(2) Such reduction shall not apply to the extent that there is a right of recoupment through subrogation, trust agreement, lien, or otherwise;

(3) The reduction shall not reduce the judgment by more than 50% of the total amount of the judgment entered on the verdict;

(4) The damages awarded shall be increased by the amount of any insurance premiums or the direct costs paid by the plaintiff for such benefits in the 2 years prior to plaintiff's injury or death or to be paid by the plaintiff in the future for such benefits; and

(5) There shall be no reduction for charges paid for medical expenses which were directly attributable to the adjudged negligent acts or omissions of the defendants found liable.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1205.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1205.1)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1205.1. Reduction in amount of recovery. In all cases on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on any theory or doctrine, to which Section 2-1205 does not apply, the amount in excess of $25,000 of the benefits provided for medical charges, hospital charges, or nursing or caretaking charges, which have been paid, or which have become payable by the date of judgment to the injured person by any other insurance company or fund in relation to a particular injury, shall be deducted from any judgment. Provided, however, that:

(1) Application is made within 30 days to reduce the judgment;

(2) Such reduction shall not apply to the extent that there is a right of recoupment through subrogation, trust agreement, contract, lien, operation of law or otherwise;

(3) The reduction shall not reduce the judgment by more than 50% of the total amount of the judgment entered on the verdict; and

(4) The damages awarded shall be increased by the amount of any insurance premiums or the direct costs paid by the plaintiff for such benefits in the 2 years prior to plaintiff's injury or death or to be paid by the plaintiff in the future for such benefits.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1205.1. Reduction in amount of recovery. In all cases on account of bodily injury or death or physical damage to property, based on negligence, or product liability based on strict tort liability, to which Section 2-1205 does not apply, the amount in excess of $25,000 of the benefits provided for medical charges, hospital charges, or nursing or caretaking charges, which have been paid, or which have become payable by the date of judgment to the injured person by any other insurance company or fund in relation to a particular injury, shall be deducted from any judgment. Provided, however, that:

(1) Application is made within 30 days to reduce the judgment;

(2) Such reduction shall not apply to the extent that there is a right of recoupment through subrogation, trust agreement, contract, lien, operation of law or otherwise;

(3) The reduction shall not reduce the judgment by more than 50% of the total amount of the judgment entered on the verdict; and

(4) The damages awarded shall be increased by the amount of any insurance premiums or the direct costs paid by the plaintiff for such benefits in the 2 years prior to plaintiff's injury or death or to be paid by the plaintiff in the future for such benefits.

(Source: P.A. 84-1431.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1206) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1206)

Sec. 2-1206. Assessment of damages. (a) Upon default, when the damages are to be assessed, the court may hear the evidence and assess the damages without a jury for that purpose. If interlocutory judgment is entered in an action brought upon a penal bond, or upon any instrument in writing, for the payment of money only, and the damages rest in computation, the court may refer the matter to the clerk, to assess and report the damages, and may enter judgment therefor. However, either party may have the damages assessed by a jury.

(b) Unless a jury has been waived, the trial court shall empanel a jury to assess damages: (1) if the ruling on a post-trial motion is in favor of a party entitled to recover damages and there is no verdict assessing his or her damages; or (2) the reviewing court remands solely for the purpose of assessing damages.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1207) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1207)

Sec. 2-1207. Punitive damages. The trial court may, in its discretion, with respect to punitive damages, determine whether a jury award for punitive damages is excessive, and if so, enter a remittitur and a conditional new trial.

The trial court may also in its discretion, apportion the punitive damage award among the plaintiff, the plaintiff's attorney and the State of Illinois Department of Human Services. The amount of the award paid from the punitive damages to the plaintiff's attorney shall be reasonable and without regard to any contingent fee contract, except that such amount shall not exceed the amount authorized by the contingent fee contract. In apportioning punitive damages as provided in this Section, the court shall consider, among other factors it deems relevant, whether any special duty was owed by the defendant to the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 89-507, eff. 7-1-97.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 13 heading) Part 13. Judgment

(735 ILCS 5/2-1301) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1301)

Sec. 2-1301. Judgments - Default - Confession. (a) The court shall determine the rights of the parties and grant to any party any affirmative relief to which the party may be entitled on the pleadings and proofs. Judgments shall be in the form required by the nature of the case and by the recovery or relief awarded. More than one judgment may be rendered in the same cause. If relief is granted against a party who upon satisfying the same in whole or in part will be entitled by operation of law to be reimbursed by another party to the action, the court may determine the rights of the parties as between themselves, and may thereafter upon motion and notice in the cause, and upon a showing that satisfaction has been made, render a final judgment against the other party accordingly.

(b) A determination in favor of the plaintiff on an issue as to the truth or validity of any defense in abatement shall be that the defendant answer or otherwise plead.

(c) Except as otherwise limited by this subsection (c), any person for a debt bona fide due may confess judgment by himself or herself or attorney duly authorized, without process. The application to confess judgment shall be made in the county in which the note or obligation was executed or in the county in which one or more of the defendants reside or in any county in which is located any property, real or personal, owned by any one or more of the defendants. A judgment entered by any court in any county other than those herein specified has no force or validity, anything in the power to confess to the contrary notwithstanding.

No power to confess judgment shall be required or given after September 24, 1979 in any instrument used in a consumer transaction; any power to confess given in violation hereof is null and void and any judgment entered by a court based on such power shall be unenforceable. "Consumer transaction" as used in this Section means a sale, lease, assignment, loan, or other disposition of an item of goods, a consumer service, or an intangible to an individual for purposes that are primarily personal, family, or household.

(d) Judgment by default may be entered for want of an appearance, or for failure to plead, but the court may in either case, require proof of the allegations of the pleadings upon which relief is sought.

(e) The court may in its discretion, before final order or judgment, set aside any default, and may on motion filed within 30 days after entry thereof set aside any final order or judgment upon any terms and conditions that shall be reasonable.

(f) The fact that any order or judgment is joint does not deprive the court of power to set it aside as to fewer than all the parties, and if so set aside it remains in full force and effect as to the other parties.

(g) If any final judgment is entered against any defendant who has been served by publication with notice of the commencement of the action and who has not been served with a copy of the complaint, or received the notice required to be sent him or her by mail, or otherwise brought into court, and such defendant or his or her heirs, legatees, or personal representatives, as the case may require, shall, within 90 days after notice in writing given him or her of the judgment, or within 1 year after the judgment, if no notice has been given, appear in open court and petition to be heard touching the matter of the judgment, the court shall upon notice being given to the parties to such action who appeared therein and the purchaser at a sale made pursuant to the judgment, or their attorneys, set the petition for hearing and may allow the parties and the purchaser to answer the petition. If upon the hearing it appears that the judgment ought not to have been made against the defendant, it may be set aside, altered or amended as appears just; otherwise the petition shall be dismissed at petitioner's costs. If, however, a sale has been had under and pursuant to the final judgment, the court, in altering or amending the judgment may, upon terms just and equitable to the defendant, permit the sale to stand. If upon the hearing of the petition it appears that the defendant was entitled under the law to redeem from the sale, the court shall permit redemption to be made at any time within 90 days thereafter, upon terms that are equitable and just.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1302) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1302)

Sec. 2-1302. Notice of entry of default order. (a) Upon the entry of an order of default, the attorney for the moving party shall immediately give notice thereof to each party who has appeared, against whom the order was entered, or such party's attorney of record. However, the failure of the attorney to give the notice does not impair the force, validity or effect of the order.

(b) The notice shall contain the title, number, court, date of entry, name of the judge, and state that the order was one of default. The notice may be given by postal card or in any manner provided by rules.

(c) In the case of an action for foreclosure of a mortgage or a deed in trust, in addition to the information required by subsection (b) of this Section the notice shall state that the defendant or defendants may redeem the property within the time and in the manner provided by law.

(d) No notice of the entry of an order of dismissal for want of prosecution shall be necessary provided plaintiff has been notified in advance that the court is considering the entry of such an order, unless required by local rule.

(Source: P.A. 84-614.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1303) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1303)

Sec. 2-1303. Interest on judgment.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), judgments recovered in any court shall draw interest at the rate of 9% per annum from the date of the judgment until satisfied or 6% per annum when the judgment debtor is a unit of local government, as defined in Section 1 of Article VII of the Constitution, a school district, a community college district, or any other governmental entity. When judgment is entered upon any award, report or verdict, interest shall be computed at the above rate, from the time when made or rendered to the time of entering judgment upon the same, and included in the judgment. Interest shall be computed and charged only on the unsatisfied portion of the judgment as it exists from time to time. The judgment debtor may by tender of payment of judgment, costs and interest accrued to the date of tender, stop the further accrual of interest on such judgment notwithstanding the prosecution of an appeal, or other steps to reverse, vacate or modify the judgment.

(b)(1) As used in this Section:

"Consumer debt" means money or property, or the equivalent, due or owing, or alleged to be due or owing, from a natural person by reason of a transaction in which property, services, or money is acquired by that natural person primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

"Consumer debt judgment" means a judgment recovered in any court against one or more natural persons arising out of consumer debt. "Consumer debt judgment" does not include any compensation for bodily injury or death, nor any judgment entered where the debt is guaranteed by or contains a joint and several liability provision between a natural person and a business, whether or not that business is legally constituted under the laws of this State or any other state.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (a), consumer debt judgments of $25,000 or less shall draw interest from the date of the judgment until satisfied at the rate of 5% per annum.

(3) The judgment debtor may, by tender of payment of judgment, costs, and interest accrued to the date of tender, stop the further accrual of interest on the consumer debt judgment, notwithstanding the prosecution of an appeal, or other steps to reverse, vacate, or modify the judgment.

(4) This subsection applies to all consumer debt judgments entered into after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 101st General Assembly.

(c) In all actions brought to recover damages for personal injury or wrongful death resulting from or occasioned by the conduct of any other person or entity, whether by negligence, willful and wanton misconduct, intentional conduct, or strict liability of the other person or entity, the plaintiff shall recover prejudgment interest on all damages, except punitive damages, sanctions, statutory attorney's fees, and statutory costs, set forth in the judgment. Prejudgment interest shall begin to accrue on the date the action is filed. If the plaintiff voluntarily dismisses the action and refiles, the accrual of prejudgment interest shall be tolled from the date the action is voluntarily dismissed to the date the action is refiled. In entering judgment for the plaintiff in the action, the court shall add to the amount of the judgment interest calculated at the rate of 6% per annum on the amount of the judgment, minus punitive damages, sanctions, statutory attorney's fees, and statutory costs. If the judgment is greater than the amount of the highest written settlement offer made by the defendant within 12 months after the later of the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly or the filing of the action and not accepted by the plaintiff within 90 days after the date of the offer or rejected by the plaintiff, interest added to the amount of judgment shall be an amount equal to interest calculated at the rate of 6% per annum on the difference between the amount of the judgment, minus punitive damages, sanctions, statutory attorney's fees, and statutory costs, and the amount of the highest written settlement offer. If the judgment is equal to or less than the amount of the highest written settlement offer made by the defendant within 12 months after the later of the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly or the filing of the action and not accepted by the plaintiff within 90 days after the date of the offer or rejected by the plaintiff, no prejudgment interest shall be added to the amount of the judgment. For the purposes of this subsection, withdrawal of a settlement offer by defendant shall not be considered a rejection of the offer by the plaintiff. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, prejudgment interest shall accrue for no longer than 5 years.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, neither the State, a unit of local government, a school district, community college district, nor any other governmental entity is liable to pay prejudgment interest in an action brought directly or vicariously against it by the injured party.

For any personal injury or wrongful death occurring before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly, the prejudgment interest shall begin to accrue on the later of the date the action is filed or the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 101-168, eff. 1-1-20; 102-6, eff. 7-1-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1304) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1304)

Sec. 2-1304. Orders for liens and conveyances. (a) Whenever, by any order, any party to an action is required to perform any act other than the payment of money, or to refrain from performing any act, the court may, in such order, provide that the same shall be a lien upon the real or personal estate, or both, of such party until such order is fully complied with; and such lien shall have the same force and effect, and be subject to the same limitations and restrictions, as judgments for the payment of money, including the time and manner when the same shall take effect and the time and manner when the lien upon a revival thereof shall take effect.

(b) Whenever an order is entered, directing the execution of any deed or other writing, it shall be lawful for any judge of the court to execute or for the court to direct the sheriff to execute such deed or other writing, in case the parties under no disability fail to execute such deed or other writing, in a time to be named in the order, or on behalf of minors or persons under legal disability who have guardians; and the execution thereof shall be valid in law to pass, release or extinguish the right, title and interest of the party on whose behalf it is executed, as if executed by the party in proper person, and he or she were under no disability; and whenever any property is sold in open court, it shall be lawful for any judge to execute a deed, certificate of sale or bill of sale or for the court to direct the sheriff to execute a deed, certificate of sale or bill of sale to the purchaser thereat and the execution thereof shall be valid in law to pass, release or extinguish all right, title and interest of the parties to the action with the same force and effect as though such sale had been held by the sheriff pursuant to the court's order; and such deed or other writing, if it relates to land, shall promptly after its execution by a judge or the sheriff, be recorded in the recorder's office of the county wherein the land is situated.

(Source: P.A. 83-351.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1305) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1305)

Sec. 2-1305. Motion to stay. A party intending to move to set aside any judgment, bond or other proceeding may apply to the court or to the judge in chamber for a certificate (which the judge may, in his or her discretion, grant) that there is probable cause for staying further proceedings until the order of the court on the motion. Service of a copy of the certificate at the time of or after the service of the notice of the motion stays all further proceedings accordingly. In no case shall the judge grant the certificate if the error complained of may, by the direction of the judge to the clerk issuing the process, be corrected, but the judge shall order and the clerk shall make the correction in the process, nor unless the applicant has given notice of the motion to the opposite party, or his or her attorney of record, if they or either of them can be found in the county where the judgment was entered.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1306)

Sec. 2-1306. Supersedeas bonds.

(a) In civil litigation under any legal theory involving a signatory, a successor to a signatory, or a parent or an affiliate of a signatory to the Master Settlement Agreement described in Section 6z-43 of the State Finance Act, execution of the judgment shall be stayed during the entire course of appellate review upon the posting of a supersedeas bond or other form of security in accordance with applicable laws or court rules, except that the total amount of the supersedeas bond or other form of security that is required of all appellants collectively shall not exceed $250,000,000, regardless of the amount of the judgment, provided that this limitation shall apply only if appellants file at least 30% of the total amount in the form of cash, a letter of credit, a certificate of deposit, or other cash equivalent with the court. The cash or cash equivalent shall be deposited by the clerk of the court in the account of the court, and any interest earned shall be utilized as provided by law.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this Section, if an appellee proves by a preponderance of the evidence that an appellant is dissipating assets outside the ordinary course of business to avoid payment of a judgment, a court may require the appellant to post a supersedeas bond in an amount up to the total amount of the judgment.

(c) This Section applies to pending actions as well as actions commenced on or after its effective date, and to judgments entered or reinstated on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 14 heading) Part 14. Post-Judgment

(735 ILCS 5/2-1401) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1401)

(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 103-968)

Sec. 2-1401. Relief from judgments.

(a) Relief from final orders and judgments, after 30 days from the entry thereof, may be had upon petition as provided in this Section. Writs of error coram nobis and coram vobis, bills of review, and bills in the nature of bills of review are abolished. All relief heretofore obtainable and the grounds for such relief heretofore available, whether by any of the foregoing remedies or otherwise, shall be available in every case, by proceedings hereunder, regardless of the nature of the order or judgment from which relief is sought or of the proceedings in which it was entered. Except as provided in the Illinois Parentage Act of 2015, there shall be no distinction between actions and other proceedings, statutory or otherwise, as to availability of relief, grounds for relief, or the relief obtainable.

(b) The petition must be filed in the same proceeding in which the order or judgment was entered but is not a continuation thereof. The petition must be supported by an affidavit or other appropriate showing as to matters not of record. A petition to reopen a foreclosure proceeding must include as parties to the petition, but is not limited to, all parties in the original action in addition to the current record title holders of the property, current occupants, and any individual or entity that had a recorded interest in the property before the filing of the petition. All parties to the petition shall be notified as provided by rule.

(b-5) A movant may present a meritorious claim under this Section if the allegations in the petition establish each of the following by a preponderance of the evidence:

(1) the movant was convicted of a forcible felony;

(2) the movant's participation in the offense was related to him or her previously having been a victim of domestic violence or gender-based violence;

(3) there is substantial evidence of domestic violence or gender-based violence against the movant that was not presented at the movant's sentencing hearing;

(4) (blank); and

(5) the evidence of domestic violence or gender-based violence against the movant is material and noncumulative to other evidence offered at the sentencing hearing, or previous hearing under this Section filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly, and is of such a conclusive character that it would likely change the sentence imposed by the original trial court.

Nothing in this subsection (b-5) shall prevent a movant from applying for any other relief under this Section or any other law otherwise available to him or her.

As used in this subsection (b-5):

"Domestic violence" means abuse as defined in Section 103 of the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986.

"Forcible felony" has the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 2-8 of the Criminal Code of 2012.

"Gender-based violence" includes evidence of victimization as a trafficking victim, as defined by paragraph (10) of subsection (a) of Section 10-9 of the Criminal Code of 2012, evidence of victimization under the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986, evidence of victimization under the Stalking No Contact Order Act, or evidence of victimization of any offense under Article 11 of the Criminal Code of 2012, irrespective of criminal prosecution or conviction.

"Intimate partner" means a spouse or former spouse, persons who have or allegedly have had a child in common, or persons who have or have had a dating or engagement relationship.

"Substantial evidence" means evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.

(b-10) A movant may present a meritorious claim under this Section if the allegations in the petition establish each of the following by a preponderance of the evidence:

(A) she was convicted of a forcible felony;

(B) her participation in the offense was a direct result of her suffering from post-partum depression or post-partum psychosis;

(C) no evidence of post-partum depression or post-partum psychosis was presented by a qualified medical person at trial or sentencing, or both;

(D) she was unaware of the mitigating nature of the evidence or, if aware, was at the time unable to present this defense due to suffering from post-partum depression or post-partum psychosis, or, at the time of trial or sentencing, neither was a recognized mental illness and as such, she was unable to receive proper treatment; and

(E) evidence of post-partum depression or post-partum psychosis as suffered by the person is material and noncumulative to other evidence offered at the time of trial or sentencing, and it is of such a conclusive character that it would likely change the sentence imposed by the original court.

Nothing in this subsection (b-10) prevents a person from applying for any other relief under this Article or any other law otherwise available to her.

As used in this subsection (b-10):

"Post-partum depression" means a mood disorder which strikes many women during and after pregnancy and usually occurs during pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. This depression can include anxiety disorders.

"Post-partum psychosis" means an extreme form of post-partum depression which can occur during pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. This can include losing touch with reality, distorted thinking, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoia, hyperactivity and rapid speech, or mania.

(c) Except as provided in Section 20b of the Adoption Act and Section 2-32 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987, in a petition based upon Section 116-3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 or subsection (b-5) or (b-10) of this Section, or in a motion to vacate and expunge convictions under the Cannabis Control Act as provided by subsection (i) of Section 5.2 of the Criminal Identification Act, the petition must be filed not later than 2 years after the entry of the order or judgment. Time during which the person seeking relief is under legal disability or duress or the ground for relief is fraudulently concealed shall be excluded in computing the period of 2 years.

(c-5) Any individual may at any time file a petition and institute proceedings under this Section if his or her final order or judgment, which was entered based on a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, has potential consequences under federal immigration law.

(d) The filing of a petition under this Section does not affect the order or judgment, or suspend its operation.

(e) Unless lack of jurisdiction affirmatively appears from the record proper, the vacation or modification of an order or judgment pursuant to the provisions of this Section does not affect the right, title, or interest in or to any real or personal property of any person, not a party to the original action, acquired for value after the entry of the order or judgment but before the filing of the petition, nor affect any right of any person not a party to the original action under any certificate of sale issued before the filing of the petition, pursuant to a sale based on the order or judgment. When a petition is filed pursuant to this Section to reopen a foreclosure proceeding, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 15-1701 of this Code, the purchaser or successor purchaser of real property subject to a foreclosure sale who was not a party to the mortgage foreclosure proceedings is entitled to remain in possession of the property until the foreclosure action is defeated or the previously foreclosed defendant redeems from the foreclosure sale if the purchaser has been in possession of the property for more than 6 months.

(f) Nothing contained in this Section affects any existing right to relief from a void order or judgment, or to employ any existing method to procure that relief.

(Source: P.A. 102-639, eff. 8-27-21; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22; 103-403, eff. 1-1-24.)

(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 103-968)

Sec. 2-1401. Relief from judgments.

(a) Relief from final orders and judgments, after 30 days from the entry thereof, may be had upon petition as provided in this Section. Writs of error coram nobis and coram vobis, bills of review, and bills in the nature of bills of review are abolished. All relief heretofore obtainable and the grounds for such relief heretofore available, whether by any of the foregoing remedies or otherwise, shall be available in every case, by proceedings hereunder, regardless of the nature of the order or judgment from which relief is sought or of the proceedings in which it was entered. Except as provided in the Illinois Parentage Act of 2015, there shall be no distinction between actions and other proceedings, statutory or otherwise, as to availability of relief, grounds for relief, or the relief obtainable.

(b) The petition must be filed in the same proceeding in which the order or judgment was entered but is not a continuation thereof. The petition must be supported by an affidavit or other appropriate showing as to matters not of record. A petition to reopen a foreclosure proceeding must include as parties to the petition, but is not limited to, all parties in the original action in addition to the current record title holders of the property, current occupants, and any individual or entity that had a recorded interest in the property before the filing of the petition. All parties to the petition shall be notified as provided by rule.

(b-5) A movant may present a meritorious claim under this Section if the allegations in the petition establish each of the following by a preponderance of the evidence:

(1) the movant was convicted of a forcible felony;

(2) the movant's participation in the offense was related to him or her previously having been a victim of domestic violence or gender-based violence;

(3) there is substantial evidence of domestic violence or gender-based violence against the movant that was not presented at the movant's sentencing hearing;

(4) (blank); and

(5) the evidence of domestic violence or gender-based violence against the movant is material and noncumulative to other evidence offered at the sentencing hearing, or previous hearing under this Section filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly, and is of such a conclusive character that it would likely change the sentence imposed by the original trial court.

Nothing in this subsection (b-5) shall prevent a movant from applying for any other relief under this Section or any other law otherwise available to him or her. This subsection (b-5) applies to all eligible convictions, including, but not limited to, if the judge renders the sentence based on a negotiated plea agreement. Relief under this Section allows for the modification of the length of sentence without affecting the conviction.

As used in this subsection (b-5):

"Domestic violence" means abuse as defined in Section 103 of the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986.

"Forcible felony" has the meaning ascribed to the term in Section 2-8 of the Criminal Code of 2012.

"Gender-based violence" includes evidence of victimization as a trafficking victim, as defined by paragraph (10) of subsection (a) of Section 10-9 of the Criminal Code of 2012, evidence of victimization under the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986, evidence of victimization under the Stalking No Contact Order Act, or evidence of victimization of any offense under Article 11 of the Criminal Code of 2012, irrespective of criminal prosecution or conviction.

"Intimate partner" means a spouse or former spouse, persons who have or allegedly have had a child in common, or persons who have or have had a dating or engagement relationship.

"Substantial evidence" means evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.

(b-10) A movant may present a meritorious claim under this Section if the allegations in the petition establish each of the following by a preponderance of the evidence:

(A) she was convicted of a forcible felony;

(B) her participation in the offense was a direct result of her suffering from postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis;

(C) no evidence of postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis was presented by a qualified medical person at trial or sentencing, or both;

(D) she was unaware of the mitigating nature of the evidence or, if aware, was at the time unable to present this defense due to suffering from postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis, or, at the time of trial or sentencing, neither was a recognized mental illness and as such, she was unable to receive proper treatment; and

(E) evidence of postpartum depression or postpartum psychosis as suffered by the person is material and noncumulative to other evidence offered at the time of trial or sentencing, and it is of such a conclusive character that it would likely change the sentence imposed by the original court.

Nothing in this subsection (b-10) prevents a person from applying for any other relief under this Article or any other law otherwise available to her. This subsection (b-10) applies to all eligible convictions, including, but not limited to, if the judge renders the sentence based on a negotiated plea agreement. Relief under this Section allows for the modification of the length of sentence without affecting the conviction.

As used in this subsection (b-10):

"Postpartum depression" means a mood disorder which strikes many women during and after pregnancy and usually occurs during pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. This depression can include anxiety disorders.

"Postpartum psychosis" means an extreme form of postpartum depression which can occur during pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. This can include losing touch with reality, distorted thinking, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoia, hyperactivity and rapid speech, or mania.

(c) Except as provided in Section 20b of the Adoption Act and Section 2-32 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987, in a petition based upon Section 116-3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 or subsection (b-5) or (b-10) of this Section, or in a motion to vacate and expunge convictions under the Cannabis Control Act as provided by subsection (i) of Section 5.2 of the Criminal Identification Act, the petition must be filed not later than 2 years after the entry of the order or judgment. Time during which the person seeking relief is under legal disability or duress or the ground for relief is fraudulently concealed shall be excluded in computing the period of 2 years.

(c-5) Any individual may at any time file a petition and institute proceedings under this Section if his or her final order or judgment, which was entered based on a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, has potential consequences under federal immigration law.

(d) The filing of a petition under this Section does not affect the order or judgment, or suspend its operation.

(e) Unless lack of jurisdiction affirmatively appears from the record proper, the vacation or modification of an order or judgment pursuant to the provisions of this Section does not affect the right, title, or interest in or to any real or personal property of any person, not a party to the original action, acquired for value after the entry of the order or judgment but before the filing of the petition, nor affect any right of any person not a party to the original action under any certificate of sale issued before the filing of the petition, pursuant to a sale based on the order or judgment. When a petition is filed pursuant to this Section to reopen a foreclosure proceeding, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 15-1701 of this Code, the purchaser or successor purchaser of real property subject to a foreclosure sale who was not a party to the mortgage foreclosure proceedings is entitled to remain in possession of the property until the foreclosure action is defeated or the previously foreclosed defendant redeems from the foreclosure sale if the purchaser has been in possession of the property for more than 6 months.

(f) Nothing contained in this Section affects any existing right to relief from a void order or judgment, or to employ any existing method to procure that relief.

(Source: P.A. 102-639, eff. 8-27-21; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22; 103-403, eff. 1-1-24; 103-968, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1401.1)

Sec. 2-1401.1. Relief from default judgment; military personnel in military service.

(a) In this Section:

"Military service" means any full-time training or duty, no matter how described under federal or State law, for which a service member is ordered to report by the President, Governor of a state, commonwealth, or territory of the United States, or other appropriate military authority.

"Service member" means a resident of Illinois who is a member of any component of the U.S. Armed Forces or the National Guard of any state, the District of Columbia, or commonwealth, or a territory of the United States.

(b) Relief from and vacation of final orders and judgments after 30 days from the entry thereof entered by default against a service member that has entered military service may be had upon petition as provided in this Section. All relief heretofore obtainable and the grounds for such relief heretofore available shall be available in every case, by proceedings commenced pursuant to this Section, regardless of the nature of the order or judgment from which relief is sought or of the proceedings in which it was entered. Except as provided in Section 6 of the Illinois Parentage Act of 1984, there shall be no distinction between actions and other proceedings, statutory or otherwise, as to availability of relief, grounds for relief or the relief obtainable.

(c) The petition must be filed in the same proceeding in which the order or judgment was entered but is not a continuation thereof. The petition must be supported by affidavit or other appropriate showing as to matters not of record and show that the service member did not appear in the proceeding, the person's military service materially affected the service member's ability to defend the case, the person has a meritorious or legal defense to the action, and the petition must be filed within 90 days after the service member's date of release from military service. All parties to the petition shall be notified as provided by rule.

(d) Except as provided in Section 20b of the Adoption Act and Section 2-32 of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 or in a petition based upon Section 116-3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, the petition must be filed not later than 90 days after the service member's release from military service. Time during which the person seeking relief is under legal disability or duress or the ground for relief is fraudulently concealed shall be excluded in computing the period for filing.

(e) The filing of a petition under this Section does not affect the order or judgment, or suspend its operation.

(f) Unless lack of jurisdiction affirmatively appears from the record proper, the vacation or modification of an order or judgment pursuant to the provisions of this Section does not affect the right, title or interest in or to any real or personal property of any person, not a party to the original action, acquired for value after the entry of the order or judgment but before the filing of the petition, nor affect any right of any person not a party to the original action under any certificate of sale issued before the filing of the petition, pursuant to a sale based on the order or judgment.

(g) Nothing contained in this Section affects any existing right to relief from a void order or judgment, or to employ any existing method to procure that relief.

(Source: P.A. 97-913, eff. 1-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1402) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1402)

Sec. 2-1402. Citations to discover assets.

(a) A judgment creditor, or his or her successor in interest when that interest is made to appear of record, is entitled to prosecute citations to discover assets for the purposes of examining the judgment debtor or any other person to discover assets or income of the debtor not exempt from the enforcement of the judgment, a deduction order or garnishment, and of compelling the application of non-exempt assets or income discovered toward the payment of the amount due under the judgment. A citation proceeding shall be commenced by the service of a citation issued by the clerk. The procedure for conducting citation proceedings shall be prescribed by rules. All citations issued by the clerk shall have the following language, or language substantially similar thereto, stated prominently on the front, in capital letters: "IF YOU FAIL TO APPEAR IN COURT AS DIRECTED IN THIS NOTICE, YOU MAY BE ARRESTED AND BROUGHT BEFORE THE COURT TO ANSWER TO A CHARGE OF CONTEMPT OF COURT, WHICH MAY BE PUNISHABLE BY IMPRISONMENT IN THE COUNTY JAIL." The court shall not grant a continuance of the citation proceeding except upon good cause shown.

(b) Any citation served upon a judgment debtor or any other person shall include a certification by the attorney for the judgment creditor or the judgment creditor setting forth the amount of the judgment, the date of the judgment, or its revival date, the balance due thereon, the name of the court, and the number of the case, and a copy of the citation notice required by this subsection. Whenever a citation is served upon a person or party other than the judgment debtor, the officer or person serving the citation shall send to the judgment debtor, within three business days of the service upon the cited party, a copy of the citation and the citation notice, which may be sent by regular first-class mail to the judgment debtor's last known address. In no event shall a citation hearing be held sooner than five business days after the mailing of the citation and citation notice to the judgment debtor, except by agreement of the parties. The citation notice need not be mailed to a corporation, partnership, or association. The citation notice shall be in substantially the following form: "CITATION NOTICE (Name and address of Court)

Name of Case: (Name of Judgment Creditor),

Judgment Creditor v.

(Name of Judgment Debtor),

Judgment Debtor.

Address of Judgment Debtor: (Insert last known

address)

Name and address of Attorney for Judgment

Creditor or of Judgment Creditor (If no

attorney is listed): (Insert name and address)

Amount of Judgment: $ (Insert amount)

Name of Person Receiving Citation: (Insert name)

Court Date and Time: (Insert return date and time

specified in citation)

NOTICE: The court has issued a citation against the person named above. The citation directs that person to appear in court to be examined for the purpose of allowing the judgment creditor to discover income and assets belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has an interest. The citation was issued on the basis of a judgment against the judgment debtor in favor of the judgment creditor in the amount stated above. On or after the court date stated above, the court may compel the application of any discovered income or assets toward payment on the judgment.

The amount of income or assets that may be applied toward the judgment is limited by federal and Illinois law. The JUDGMENT DEBTOR HAS THE RIGHT TO ASSERT STATUTORY EXEMPTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN INCOME OR ASSETS OF THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR WHICH MAY NOT BE USED TO SATISFY THE JUDGMENT IN THE AMOUNT STATED ABOVE:

(1) Under Illinois or federal law, the exemptions of personal property owned by the debtor include the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $4,000 in value, in any personal property as chosen by the debtor; Social Security and SSI benefits; public assistance benefits; unemployment compensation benefits; worker's compensation benefits; veteran's benefits; circuit breaker property tax relief benefits; the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $2,400 in value, in any one motor vehicle, and the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $1,500 in value, in any implements, professional books, or tools of the trade of the debtor.

(2) Under Illinois law, every person is entitled to an estate in homestead, when it is owned and occupied as a residence, to the extent in value of $15,000, which homestead is exempt from judgment.

(3) Under Illinois law, the amount of wages that may be applied toward a judgment is limited to the lesser of (i) 15% of gross weekly wages or (ii) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed the total of 45 times the federal minimum hourly wage or, under a wage deduction summons served on or after January 1, 2006, the Illinois minimum hourly wage, whichever is greater.

(4) Under federal law, the amount of wages that may be applied toward a judgment is limited to the lesser of (i) 25% of disposable earnings for a week or (ii) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed 30 times the federal minimum hourly wage.

(5) Pension and retirement benefits and refunds may be claimed as exempt under Illinois law.

The judgment debtor may have other possible exemptions under the law.

THE JUDGMENT DEBTOR HAS THE RIGHT AT THE CITATION HEARING TO DECLARE EXEMPT CERTAIN INCOME OR ASSETS OR BOTH. The judgment debtor also has the right to seek a declaration at an earlier date, by notifying the clerk in writing at (insert address of clerk). When so notified, the Clerk of the Court will obtain a prompt hearing date from the court and will provide the necessary forms that must be prepared by the judgment debtor or the attorney for the judgment debtor and sent to the judgment creditor and the judgment creditor's attorney regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail."

(b-1) Any citation served upon a judgment debtor who is a natural person shall be served by personal service or abode service as provided in Supreme Court Rule 105 and shall include a copy of the Income and Asset Form set forth in subsection (b-5).

(b-5) The Income and Asset Form required to be served by the judgment creditor in subsection (b-1) shall be in substantially the following form:

INCOME AND ASSET FORM To Judgment Debtor: Please complete this form and bring it with you to the hearing referenced in the enclosed citation notice. You should also bring to the hearing any documents you have to support the information you provide in this form, such as pay stubs and account statements. The information you provide will help the court determine whether you have any property or income that can be used to satisfy the judgment entered against you in this matter. The information you provide must be accurate to the best of your knowledge.

If you fail to appear at this hearing, you could be held in contempt of court and possibly arrested.

In answer to the citation proceedings served upon the judgment debtor, he or she answers as follows:

Name:.....................

Home Phone Number:.................

Home Address:....................

Date of Birth:......................

Marital Status:.....................

I have.........dependents.

Do you have a job? YES NO

Company's name I work for:......................

Company's address:..............................

Job:

I earn $....... per.......

If self employed, list here your business name and address:

..................................................

Income from self employment is $......... per year.

I have the following benefits with my employer:

..................................................

I do not have a job, but I support myself through:

Government Assistance $........ per month

Unemployment $........ per month

Social Security $........ per month

SSI $........ per month

Pension $........ per month

Other $........ per month

Real Estate:

Do you own any real estate? YES NO

I own real estate at.........., with names of other owners

......................................................

Additional real estate I own:.........................

I have a beneficial interest in a land trust. The name and address of the trustee is:............. The beneficial interest is listed in my name and.

There is a mortgage on my real estate. State the mortgage company's name and address for each parcel of real estate owned:

......................................................

An assignment of beneficial interest in the land trust was signed to secure a loan from........................

I have the following accounts:

Checking account at ..........;

account balance $......

Savings account at ..........;

account balance $......

Money market or certificate of deposit at.........

Safe deposit box at...............................

Other accounts (please identify):.................

I own:

A vehicle (state year, make, model, and VIN):.....

Jewelry (please specify):.........................

Other property described as:......................

Stocks/Bonds.....................

Personal computer................

DVD player.......................

Television.......................

Stove.......................

Microwave.......................

Work tools.......................

Business equipment.......................

Farm equipment.......................

Other property (please specify):

..................................................

Signature:....................

(b-10) Any action properly initiated under this Section may proceed notwithstanding an absent or incomplete Income and Asset Form, and a judgment debtor may be examined for the purpose of allowing the judgment creditor to discover income and assets belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has an interest.

(c) When assets or income of the judgment debtor not exempt from the satisfaction of a judgment, a deduction order or garnishment are discovered, the court may, by appropriate order or judgment:

(1) Compel the judgment debtor to deliver up, to be applied in satisfaction of the judgment, in whole or in part, money, choses in action, property or effects in his or her possession or control, so discovered, capable of delivery and to which his or her title or right of possession is not substantially disputed.

(2) Compel the judgment debtor to pay to the judgment creditor or apply on the judgment, in installments, a portion of his or her income, however or whenever earned or acquired, as the court may deem proper, having due regard for the reasonable requirements of the judgment debtor and his or her family, if dependent upon him or her, as well as any payments required to be made by prior order of court or under wage assignments outstanding; provided that the judgment debtor shall not be compelled to pay income which would be considered exempt as wages under the Wage Deduction Statute. The court may modify an order for installment payments, from time to time, upon application of either party upon notice to the other.

(3) Compel any person cited, other than the judgment debtor, to deliver up any assets so discovered, to be applied in satisfaction of the judgment, in whole or in part, when those assets are held under such circumstances that in an action by the judgment debtor he or she could recover them in specie or obtain a judgment for the proceeds or value thereof as for conversion or embezzlement. A judgment creditor may recover a corporate judgment debtor's property on behalf of the judgment debtor for use of the judgment creditor by filing an appropriate petition within the citation proceedings.

(4) Enter any order upon or judgment against the person cited that could be entered in any garnishment proceeding.

(5) Compel any person cited to execute an assignment of any chose in action or a conveyance of title to real or personal property or resign memberships in exchanges, clubs, or other entities in the same manner and to the same extent as a court could do in any proceeding by a judgment creditor to enforce payment of a judgment or in aid of the enforcement of a judgment.

(6) Authorize the judgment creditor to maintain an action against any person or corporation that, it appears upon proof satisfactory to the court, is indebted to the judgment debtor, for the recovery of the debt, forbid the transfer or other disposition of the debt until an action can be commenced and prosecuted to judgment, direct that the papers or proof in the possession or control of the debtor and necessary in the prosecution of the action be delivered to the creditor or impounded in court, and provide for the disposition of any moneys in excess of the sum required to pay the judgment creditor's judgment and costs allowed by the court.

(c-5) If a citation is directed to a judgment debtor who is a natural person, no payment order shall be entered under subsection (c) unless the Income and Asset Form was served upon the judgment debtor as required by subsection (b-1), the judgment debtor has had an opportunity to assert exemptions, and the payments are from non-exempt sources.

(d) No order or judgment shall be entered under subsection (c) in favor of the judgment creditor unless there appears of record a certification of mailing showing that a copy of the citation and a copy of the citation notice was mailed to the judgment debtor as required by subsection (b).

(d-5) If upon examination the court determines that the judgment debtor does not possess any non-exempt income or assets, then the citation shall be dismissed.

(e) All property ordered to be delivered up shall, except as otherwise provided in this Section, be delivered to the sheriff to be collected by the sheriff or sold at public sale and the proceeds thereof applied towards the payment of costs and the satisfaction of the judgment. If the judgment debtor's property is of such a nature that it is not readily delivered up to the sheriff for public sale or if another method of sale is more appropriate to liquidate the property or enhance its value at sale, the court may order the sale of such property by the debtor, third party respondent, or by a selling agent other than the sheriff upon such terms as are just and equitable. The proceeds of sale, after deducting reasonable and necessary expenses, are to be turned over to the creditor and applied to the balance due on the judgment.

(f)(1) The citation may prohibit the party to whom it is directed from making or allowing any transfer or other disposition of, or interfering with, any property not exempt from the enforcement of a judgment therefrom, a deduction order or garnishment, belonging to the judgment debtor or to which he or she may be entitled or which may thereafter be acquired by or become due to him or her, and from paying over or otherwise disposing of any moneys not so exempt which are due or to become due to the judgment debtor, until the further order of the court or the termination of the proceeding, whichever occurs first. The third party may not be obliged to withhold the payment of any moneys beyond double the amount of the balance due sought to be enforced by the judgment creditor. The court may punish any party who violates the restraining provision of a citation as and for a contempt, or if the party is a third party may enter judgment against him or her in the amount of the unpaid portion of the judgment and costs allowable under this Section, or in the amount of the value of the property transferred, whichever is lesser.

(2) The court may enjoin any person, whether or not a party to the citation proceeding, from making or allowing any transfer or other disposition of, or interference with, the property of the judgment debtor not exempt from the enforcement of a judgment, a deduction order or garnishment, or the property or debt not so exempt concerning which any person is required to attend and be examined until further direction in the premises. The injunction order shall remain in effect until vacated by the court or until the proceeding is terminated, whichever first occurs.

(g) If it appears that any property, chose in action, credit or effect discovered, or any interest therein, is claimed by any person, the court shall, as in garnishment proceedings, permit or require the claimant to appear and maintain his or her right. The rights of the person cited and the rights of any adverse claimant shall be asserted and determined pursuant to the law relating to garnishment proceedings.

(h) Costs in proceedings authorized by this Section shall be allowed, assessed and paid in accordance with rules, provided that if the court determines, in its discretion, that costs incurred by the judgment creditor were improperly incurred, those costs shall be paid by the judgment creditor.

(i) This Section is in addition to and does not affect enforcement of judgments or citation proceedings thereto, by any other methods now or hereafter provided by law.

(j) This Section does not grant the power to any court to order installment or other payments from, or compel the sale, delivery, surrender, assignment or conveyance of any property exempt by statute from the enforcement of a judgment thereon, a deduction order, garnishment, attachment, sequestration, process or other levy or seizure.

(k) (Blank).

(k-3) The court may enter any order upon or judgment against the respondent cited that could be entered in any garnishment proceeding under Part 7 of Article XII of this Code. This subsection (k-3) shall be construed as being declarative of existing law and not as a new enactment.

(k-5) If the court determines that any property held by a third party respondent is wages pursuant to Section 12-801, the court shall proceed as if a wage deduction proceeding had been filed and proceed to enter such necessary and proper orders as would have been entered in a wage deduction proceeding including but not limited to the granting of the statutory exemptions allowed by Section 12-803 and all other remedies allowed plaintiff and defendant pursuant to Part 8 of Article 12 of this Act.

(k-10) If a creditor discovers personal property of the judgment debtor that is subject to the lien of a citation to discover assets, the creditor may have the court impress a lien against a specific item of personal property, including a beneficial interest in a land trust. The lien survives the termination of the citation proceedings and remains as a lien against the personal property in the same manner that a judgment lien recorded against real property pursuant to Section 12-101 remains a lien on real property. If the judgment is revived before dormancy, the lien shall remain. A lien against personal property may, but need not, be recorded in the office of the recorder or filed as an informational filing pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code.

(l) At any citation hearing at which the judgment debtor appears and seeks a declaration that certain of his or her income or assets are exempt, the court shall proceed to determine whether the property which the judgment debtor declares to be exempt is exempt from judgment. At any time before the return date specified on the citation, the judgment debtor may request, in writing, a hearing to declare exempt certain income and assets by notifying the clerk of the court before that time, using forms as may be provided by the clerk of the court. The clerk of the court will obtain a prompt hearing date from the court and will provide the necessary forms that must be prepared by the judgment debtor or the attorney for the judgment debtor and sent to the judgment creditor, or the judgment creditor's attorney, regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail. At the hearing, the court shall immediately, unless for good cause shown that the hearing is to be continued, shall proceed to determine whether the property which the judgment debtor declares to be exempt is exempt from judgment. The restraining provisions of subsection (f) shall not apply to any property determined by the court to be exempt.

(m) The judgment or balance due on the judgment becomes a lien when a citation is served in accordance with subsection (a) of this Section. The lien binds nonexempt personal property, including money, choses in action, and effects of the judgment debtor as follows:

(1) When the citation is directed against the judgment debtor, upon all personal property belonging to the judgment debtor in the possession or control of the judgment debtor or which may thereafter be acquired or come due to the judgment debtor to the time of the disposition of the citation.

(2) When the citation is directed against a third party, upon all personal property belonging to the judgment debtor in the possession or control of the third party or which thereafter may be acquired or come due the judgment debtor and comes into the possession or control of the third party to the time of the disposition of the citation.

The lien established under this Section does not affect the rights of citation respondents in property prior to the service of the citation upon them and does not affect the rights of bona fide purchasers or lenders without notice of the citation. The lien is effective for the period specified by Supreme Court Rule.

This subsection (m), as added by Public Act 88-48, is a declaration of existing law.

(n) If any provision of this Act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity of that provision or application does not affect the provisions or applications of the Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.

(o) The changes to this Section made by this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly apply only to citation proceedings commenced under this Section on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly. The requirements or limitations set forth in subsections (b-1), (b-5), (b-10), (c-5), and (d-5) do not apply to the enforcement of any order or judgment resulting from an adjudication of a municipal ordinance violation that is subject to Supreme Court Rules 570 through 579, or from an administrative adjudication of such an ordinance violation.

(Source: P.A. 101-191, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1403) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1403)

Sec. 2-1403. Judgment debtor as beneficiary of trust. No court, except as otherwise provided in this Section, shall order the satisfaction of a judgment out of any property held in trust for the judgment debtor if such trust has, in good faith, been created by, or the fund so held in trust has proceeded from, a person other than the judgment debtor.

The income or principal of a trust shall be subject to withholding for the purpose of securing collection of unpaid child support obligations owed by the beneficiary as provided in Section 4.1 of the "Non-Support of Spouse and Children Act", Section 22 of the Non-Support Punishment Act, and similar Sections of other Acts which provide for support of a child as follows:

(1) income may be withheld if the beneficiary is entitled to a specified dollar amount or percentage of the income of the trust, or is the sole income beneficiary; and

(2) principal may be withheld if the beneficiary has a right to withdraw principal, but not in excess of the amount subject to withdrawal under the instrument, or if the beneficiary is the only beneficiary to whom discretionary payments of principal may be made by the trustee.

(Source: P.A. 91-613, eff. 10-1-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1404) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1404)

Sec. 2-1404. Preservation of trust estates. In all cases where a trustee has been or shall be appointed by order of a circuit court, such court has authority to authorize the payment of interest on any mortgage which is a lien upon the trust estate, to authorize the payment of taxes and assessments levied upon or assessed against the trust estate, to authorize the payment of the insurance premiums on any policy of insurance on the buildings and personal property of the trust estate, and to authorize the making of repairs and the payment therefor, when it appears for the best interests of the estate; and where a trustee has paid any such interest, taxes, assessments, insurance premiums, or for repairs, and it appears that such payments were for the best interests of the estate and the protection and preservation thereof, the court, on application or by report, has authority to approve such payments.

(Source: P.A. 84-621.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 15 heading) Part 15. Abolition of Writs

(735 ILCS 5/2-1501) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1501)

Sec. 2-1501. Writs abolished. The function which was, prior to January 1, 1979, performed by a writ of execution to enforce a judgment or order for the payment of money, or by the writs of mandamus, injunction, prohibition, sequestration, habeas corpus, replevin, ne exeat or attachment, or by the writ of possession in an action of ejectment, or by the writ of restitution in an eviction action, or by the writ of assistance for the possession of real estate, or by a temporary restraining order, shall hereafter be performed by a copy of the order or judgment to be enforced, certified by the clerk of the court which entered the judgment or order.

The clerk's certification shall bear a legend substantially as follows:

I hereby certify the above to be correct.

Dated .......................... (Seal of Clerk of Circuit Court) ................................ Clerk of the Circuit Court of .............. Illinois.

This order is the command of the Circuit Court and violation thereof is subject to the penalty of the law.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 16 heading) Part 16. Revival of Judgment

(735 ILCS 5/2-1601) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1601)

Sec. 2-1601. Scire facias abolished. Any relief which heretofore might have been obtained by scire facias may be had by employing a petition filed in the case in which the original judgment was entered in accordance with Section 2-1602.

(Source: P.A. 92-817, eff. 8-21-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1602)

Sec. 2-1602. Revival of judgment.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (a-5), a judgment may be revived by filing a petition to revive the judgment in the seventh year after its entry, or in the seventh year after its last revival, or in the twentieth year after its entry, or at any other time within 20 years after its entry if the judgment becomes dormant and by serving the petition and entering a court order for revival as provided in the following subsections. The provisions of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly are declarative of existing law.

(a-5) A consumer debt judgment as defined in subsection (b) of Section 2-1303 may be revived by filing a petition to revive the consumer debt judgment no later than 10 years after its entry and by serving the petition and entering a court order for revival as provided in this Section.

(b) A petition to revive a judgment shall be filed in the original case in which the judgment was entered. The petition shall include a statement as to the original date and amount of the judgment, court costs expended, accrued interest, and credits to the judgment, if any.

(c) Service of notice of the petition to revive a judgment shall be made in accordance with Supreme Court Rule 106.

(d) An order reviving a judgment shall be for the original amount of the judgment. The plaintiff may recover interest and court costs from the date of the original judgment. Credits to the judgment shall be reflected by the plaintiff in supplemental proceedings or execution.

(e) If a judgment debtor has filed for protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code and failed to successfully adjudicate and remove a lien filed by a judgment creditor, then the judgment may be revived only as to the property to which a lien attached before the filing of the bankruptcy action.

(f) A judgment may be revived as to fewer than all judgment debtors, and such order for revival of judgment shall be final, appealable, and enforceable.

(g) This Section does not apply to a child support judgment or to a judgment recovered in an action for damages for an injury described in Section 13-214.1, which need not be revived as provided in this Section and which may be enforced at any time as provided in Section 12-108.

(h) If a judgment becomes dormant during the pendency of an enforcement proceeding against wages under Part 14 of this Article or under Article XII, the enforcement may continue to conclusion without revival of the underlying judgment so long as the enforcement is done under court supervision and includes a wage deduction order or turn over order and is against an employer, garnishee, or other third party respondent.

(Source: P.A. 101-168, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 17 heading) Part 17. Healing Art Malpractice

(735 ILCS 5/2-1701) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1701)

Sec. 2-1701. Application. Subject to the provisions of Section 2-1705, in all medical malpractice actions the provisions of this Act shall be applicable.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1702) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1702)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1702. Economic/Non-Economic Loss. As used in this Part, "economic loss" and "non-economic loss" are defined as in Section 2-1115.2.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-1702. Economic/Non-Economic Loss. As used in this Part:

(a) "Economic loss" means all pecuniary harm for which damages are recoverable.

(b) "Non-economic loss" means loss of consortium and all nonpecuniary harm for which damages are recoverable, including, without limitation, damages for pain and suffering, inconvenience, disfigurement, and physical impairment.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1703) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1703)

Sec. 2-1703. Past/Future Damages. As used in this Part:

(a) "Past damages" means damages that have accrued when the damages findings are made.

(b) "Future damages" includes all damages which the trier of fact finds will accrue after the damages findings are made, including, without limitation, damages for future medical or health treatment, care or custody, loss of future earnings, loss of bodily function, future pain and suffering, and future physical impairment and inconvenience.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1704) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1704)

Sec. 2-1704. Medical Malpractice Action. As used in this Part, "medical malpractice action" means any action, whether in tort, contract or otherwise, in which the plaintiff seeks damages for injuries or death by reason of medical, hospital, or other healing art malpractice. The term "healing art" shall not include care and treatment by spiritual means through prayer in accord with the tenets and practices of a recognized church or religious denomination.

(Source: P.A. 84-7.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1704.5)

Sec. 2-1704.5. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 94-677, eff. 8-25-05. Repealed by P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1705)

Sec. 2-1705. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1706)

Sec. 2-1706. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1706.5)

Sec. 2-1706.5. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 94-677, eff. 8-25-05. Repealed by P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1707)

Sec. 2-1707. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1708)

Sec. 2-1708. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1709)

Sec. 2-1709. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1710)

Sec. 2-1710. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1711)

Sec. 2-1711. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1712)

Sec. 2-1712. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1713)

Sec. 2-1713. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1714)

Sec. 2-1714. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1715)

Sec. 2-1715. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1716)

Sec. 2-1716. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1717)

Sec. 2-1717. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1718)

Sec. 2-1718. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1719)

Sec. 2-1719. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-7. Repealed by P.A. 101-404, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 18 heading) Part 18. Mittimus

(735 ILCS 5/2-1801) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1801)

Sec. 2-1801. Mittimus. (a) In all cases, including criminal, quasi-criminal and civil, when a person is imprisoned, incarcerated, confined or committed to the custody of a sheriff, warden, Department of Corrections or other executive officer by virtue of a judgment or order which is signed by a judge, a copy of such judgment or order shall, in each case, constitute the mittimus, and no separate mittimus need be issued.

(b) Where no written judgment or order was signed by a judge, the practice heretofore prevailing in such cases in the courts of this State shall be followed.

(Source: P.A. 84-622.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 19 heading) Part 19. Lis Pendens

(735 ILCS 5/2-1901) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1901)

Sec. 2-1901. Lis Pendens - Operative date of notice. Except as otherwise provided in Section 15-1503, every condemnation proceeding, proceeding to sell real estate of decedent to pay debts, or other action seeking equitable relief, affecting or involving real property shall, from the time of the filing in the office of the recorder in the county where the real estate is located, of a notice signed by any party to the action or his attorney of record or attorney in fact, on his or her behalf, setting forth the title of the action, the parties to it, the court where it was brought and a description of the real estate, be constructive notice to every person subsequently acquiring an interest in or a lien on the property affected thereby, and every such person and every person acquiring an interest or lien as above stated, not in possession of the property and whose interest or lien is not shown of record at the time of filing such notice, shall, for the purposes of this Section, be deemed a subsequent purchaser and shall be bound by the proceedings to the same extent and in the same manner as if he or she were a party thereto. If in any such action plaintiff or petitioner neglects or fails for the period of 6 months after the filing of the complaint or petition to cause notice to be given the defendant or defendants, either by service of summons or publication as required by law, then such notice shall cease to be such constructive notice until service of summons or publication as required by law is had.

This Section authorizes a notice of any of these actions concerning real property pending in any United States district court to be recorded and indexed in the same manner and in the same place as herein provided with respect to notices of such actions pending in courts of this State.

However, no such action or proceeding shall be constructive notice, either before or after service of summons or publication, as to property subject to the provisions of "An Act concerning land titles", approved May 1, 1897, as amended, until the provisions of Section 84 of that Act are complied with.

At any time during the pendency of an action or proceeding initiated after July 1, 1959, which is constructive notice, the court, upon motion, may for good cause shown, provided a finding of specific performance is not necessary for final judgment in the action or proceeding, and upon such terms and conditions, including the posting of suitable bond, if any, as it may deem equitable, authorize the making of a deed, mortgage, lease or other conveyance of any or all of the real estate affected or involved, in which event the party to whom the deed, mortgage, lease or other conveyance of the real estate is made and those claiming under him or her shall not be bound by such action or proceeding.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1902) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1902)

Sec. 2-1902. Lis Pendens - Bankruptcy. A certified copy of a petition, with schedules omitted, commencing a proceeding under the Bankruptcy Act of the United States or of the order of adjudication in such proceeding, or of the order approving the bond of the trustee appointed in the proceedings, may be filed, indexed and recorded in the office of the recorder where conveyances of real estate are recorded in the same manner as deeds. It shall be the duty of the recorder to file, index under the name of the bankrupt, and record such certified copies filed for record in the same manner as deeds, for which services the recorder shall be entitled to the same fees as are provided by law for filing, indexing and recording deeds.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-1903) (from Ch. 110, par. 2-1903)

Sec. 2-1903. Lis Pendens - Limitation as to Public Officers. In the absence of a permanent or preliminary injunction or temporary restraining order of a court, the bringing or pendency of any action alone, heretofore, or hereafter brought, to defeat or enjoin the disbursement by public officers of public funds to the persons, uses, or purposes for which they are appropriated or set apart, including the payment of the salaries and wages of all officers and employees of the State, or of any county, city, village, town or other municipality of the State, shall in no way change the liability of any public officer in the disbursement of public funds on account of any notice of matters contained in the pleadings in any action, but such liability shall remain the same, insofar as the bringing or pendency of any such action alone is concerned, as if no such action had been brought.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 20 heading) Part 20. Crime Victims

(735 ILCS 5/2-2001)

Sec. 2-2001. Crime victims. A victim of crime as defined in Section 2.3 of the Criminal Victims' Asset Discovery Act shall have a cause of action against a defendant who has been convicted of a crime, or found not guilty by reason of insanity or guilty but mentally ill of a crime, to recover damages suffered by the victim of the crime.

The Civil Practice Law shall apply in the proceedings, and the case shall be tried as in other civil cases. If the victim is deceased, the next of kin may maintain the action.

(Source: P.A. 88-378.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 21 heading) Part 21. Product Liability

(735 ILCS 5/2-2101)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2101. Definitions. For purposes of this Part, the terms listed have the following meanings:

"Clear and convincing evidence" means that measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a high degree of certainty as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established. This evidence requires a greater degree of persuasion than is necessary to meet the preponderance of the evidence standard.

"Harm" means (i) damage to property other than the product itself; (ii) personal physical injury, illness, or death; (iii) mental anguish or emotional harm to the extent recognized by applicable law; (iv) any loss of consortium or services; or (v) other loss deriving from any type of harm described in item (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv).

"Manufacturer" means (i) any person who is engaged in a business to design or formulate and to produce, create, make, or construct any product or component part of a product; (ii) a product seller with respect to all component parts of a product or a component part of a product that is created or affected when, before placing the product in the stream of commerce, the product seller designs or formulates and produces, creates, makes, or constructs an aspect of a product or a component part of a product made by another; or (iii) any product seller not described in (ii) that holds itself out as a manufacturer to the user of the product.

"Product liability action" means a civil action brought on any theory against a manufacturer or product seller for harm caused by a product.

"Product seller" means a person who, in the course of a business conducted for that purpose, sells, distributes, leases, installs, prepares, blends, packages, labels, markets, repairs, maintains, or otherwise is involved in placing a product in the stream of commerce.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2102)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2102. Effect on other laws. Except as may be provided by other laws, any civil action that conforms to the definition of a product liability action as defined in Section 2-2101 of this Part shall be governed by the provisions of this Part.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2103)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2103. Federal and State standards; presumption. In a product liability action, a product or product component shall be presumed to be reasonably safe if the aspect of the product or product component that allegedly caused the harm was specified or required, or if the aspect is specifically exempted for particular applications or users, by a federal or State statute or regulation promulgated by an agency of the federal or State government responsible for the safety or use of the product before the product was distributed into the stream of commerce.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2104)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2104. No practical and feasible alternative design; presumption. If the design of a product or product component is in issue in a product liability action, the design shall be presumed to be reasonably safe unless, at the time the product left the control of the manufacturer, a practical and technically feasible alternative design was available that would have prevented the harm without significantly impairing the usefulness, desirability, or marketability of the product. An alternative design is practical and feasible if the technical, medical, or scientific knowledge relating to safety of the alternative design was, at the time the product left the control of the manufacturer, available and developed for commercial use and acceptable in the marketplace.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2105)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2105. Changes in design or warning; inadmissibility. When measures are taken which, if taken previously, would have made an event less likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not admissible to prove a defect in a product, negligence, or culpable conduct in connection with the event. In a product liability action brought under any theory or doctrine, if the feasibility of a design change or change in warnings is not controverted, then a subsequent design change or change in warnings shall not be admissible into evidence. This rule does not require the exclusion of evidence of subsequent measures when offered for another purpose such as proving ownership, control, or impeachment.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2106)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2106. Provision of written warnings to users of product; nonliability.

(a) The warning, instructing, or labeling of a product or specific product component shall be deemed to be adequate if pamphlets, booklets, labels, or other written warnings were provided that gave adequate notice to reasonably anticipated users or knowledgeable intermediaries of the material risks of injury, death, or property damage connected with the reasonably anticipated use of the product and instructions as to the reasonably anticipated uses, applications, or limitations of the product anticipated by the defendant.

(b) In the defense of a product liability action, warnings, instructions or labeling shall be deemed to be adequate if the warnings, instructions or labels furnished with the product were in conformity with the generally recognized standards in the industry at the time the product was distributed into the stream of commerce.

(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), a defendant shall not be liable for failure to warn of material risks that were obvious to a reasonably prudent product user and material risks that were a matter of common knowledge to persons in the same position as or similar positions to that of the plaintiff in a product liability action.

(d) In any product liability action brought against a manufacturer or product seller for harm allegedly caused by a failure to provide adequate warnings or instructions, a defendant manufacturer or product seller shall not be liable if, at the time the product left the control of the manufacturer, the knowledge of the danger that caused the harm was not reasonably available or obtainable in light of existing scientific, technical, or medical information.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2106.5)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2106.5. Inherent characteristics of products; nonliability. In a product liability action, a manufacturer or product seller shall not be liable for harm allegedly caused by a product if the alleged harm was caused by an inherent characteristic of the product which is a generic aspect of the product that cannot be eliminated without substantially compromising the product's usefulness or desirability and which is recognized by the ordinary person with the ordinary knowledge common to the community.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2107)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2107. Punitive damages. In a product liability action, punitive damages shall not be awarded against a manufacturer or product seller if the conduct of the defendant manufacturer, seller, or reseller that allegedly caused the harm was approved by or was in compliance with standards set forth in an applicable federal or State statute or in a regulation or other administrative action promulgated by an agency of the federal or State government responsible for the safety or use of the product, which statute or regulation was in effect at the time of the manufacturer's or product seller's alleged misconduct, unless the plaintiff proves by clear and convincing evidence that the manufacturer or product seller intentionally withheld from or misrepresented to Congress, the State legislature, or the relevant federal or State agency material information relative to the safety or use of the product that would or could have resulted in a changed decision relative to the law, standard, or other administrative action.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2108)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2108. No cause of action created. Nothing in this Part shall be construed to create a cause of action.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2109)

(This Section was added by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 2-2109. This amendatory Act of 1995 adding Part 21 to the Code of Civil Procedure applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 22 heading) Part 22. Insurance Placement Liability

(735 ILCS 5/2-2201)

Sec. 2-2201. Ordinary care; civil liability.

(a) An insurance producer, registered firm, and limited insurance representative shall exercise ordinary care and skill in renewing, procuring, binding, or placing the coverage requested by the insured or proposed insured.

(b) No cause of action brought by any person or entity against any insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative concerning the sale, placement, procurement, renewal, binding, cancellation of, or failure to procure any policy of insurance shall subject the insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative to civil liability under standards governing the conduct of a fiduciary or a fiduciary relationship except when the conduct upon which the cause of action is based involves the wrongful retention or misappropriation by the insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative of any money that was received as premiums, as a premium deposit, or as payment of a claim.

(c) The provisions of this Section are not meant to impair or invalidate any of the terms or conditions of a contractual agreement between an insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative and a company that has authority to transact the kinds of insurance defined in Class 1 or clause (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (h), (i), or (k) of Class 2 of Section 4 of the Illinois Insurance Code.

(d) While limiting the scope of liability of an insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative under standards governing the conduct of a fiduciary or a fiduciary relationship, the provisions of this Section do not limit or release an insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative from liability for negligence concerning the sale, placement, procurement, renewal, binding, cancellation of, or failure to procure any policy of insurance.

(Source: P.A. 89-638, eff. 1-1-97.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. II Pt. 23 heading) Part 23. Settlement (Source: P.A. 98-548, eff. 1-1-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/2-2301)

Sec. 2-2301. Settlement of claims; payment.

(a) In a personal injury, property damage, wrongful death, or tort action involving a claim for money damages, a release must be tendered to the plaintiff by the settling defendant within 14 days of written confirmation of the settlement. Written confirmation includes all communication by written means.

(b) In a personal injury, property damage, wrongful death, or tort action involving a claim for money damages in which the law requires court approval of a settlement, the plaintiff shall tender to the defendant a copy of the court order approving the settlement.

(c) In a personal injury, property damage, wrongful death, or tort action involving a claim for money damages in which there is a known third-party right of recovery or subrogation interest (including attorney's liens, healthcare provider liens, or rights of recovery claimed by Medicare, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services, or private health insurance companies), the plaintiff may protect the third-party's right of recovery or subrogation interest, where applicable, by tendering to the defendant:

(1) A signed release of the attorney's lien.

(2) Either:

(i) a signed release of a healthcare provider lien; or

(ii) a letter from the plaintiff's attorney agreeing to hold the full amount of the claimed lien in the plaintiff's attorney's client fund account pending final resolution of the lien amount; or

(iii) an offer that the defendant hold the full amount of the claimed right to recovery pending final resolution of the amount of the right of recovery; or

(iv) documentation of any other method of resolution of the liens as agreed by the parties.

(3) Either:

(i) documentation of the agreement between the plaintiff and Medicare, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services, or the private health insurance company as to the amount of the settlement that will be accepted in satisfaction of right of recovery; or

(ii) a letter from the plaintiff's attorney agreeing to hold the full amount of the claimed right to recovery in the plaintiff's attorney's client fund account pending final resolution of the amount of the right to recovery; or

(iii) an offer that the defendant hold the full amount of the claimed right to recovery pending final resolution of the amount of the right of recovery; or

(iv) documentation of any other method of resolution of the liens as agreed by the parties.

(d) A settling defendant shall pay all sums due to the plaintiff within 30 days of tender by the plaintiff of the executed release and all applicable documents in compliance with subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this Section.

(e) If, after a hearing, the court having jurisdiction over the parties finds that timely payment has not been made by a defendant pursuant to subsection (d) of this Section, judgment shall be entered against that defendant for the amount set forth in the executed release, plus costs incurred in obtaining the judgment and interest at the rate specified under Section 2-1303 of this Code, calculated from the date of the tender by the plaintiff under subsection (d) of this Section.

(f) As used in this Section, "tender" means personal delivery or delivery by a means providing a return receipt.

(g) This Section applies to all personal injury, property damage, wrongful death, and tort actions involving a claim for money damages, except as otherwise agreed by the parties. This Section does not apply to:

(1) the State of Illinois;

(2) any State agency, board, or Commission, as defined in Section 1-7 of the Illinois State Auditing Act;

(3) any State officer or employee sued in his or her official capacity;

(4) any person or entity that is being represented by the Attorney General and provided indemnification by the State pursuant to the State Employee Indemnification Act;

(5) any municipality or unit of local government as defined under Article VII of the Illinois Constitution; and

(6) class action lawsuits.

(Source: P.A. 98-548, eff. 1-1-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. III heading) ARTICLE III ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW

(735 ILCS 5/3-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-101)

Sec. 3-101. Definitions. For the purpose of this Act:

"Administrative agency" means a person, body of persons, group, officer, board, bureau, commission or department (other than a court or judge) of the State, or of any political subdivision of the State or municipal corporation in the State, having power under law to make administrative decisions.

"Administrative decision" or "decision" means any decision, order or determination of any administrative agency rendered in a particular case, which affects the legal rights, duties or privileges of parties and which terminates the proceedings before the administrative agency. In all cases in which a statute or a rule of the administrative agency requires or permits an application for a rehearing or other method of administrative review to be filed within a specified time (as distinguished from a statute which permits the application for rehearing or administrative review to be filed at any time before judgment by the administrative agency against the applicant or within a specified time after the entry of such judgment), and an application for such rehearing or review is made, no administrative decision of such agency shall be final as to the party applying therefor until such rehearing or review is had or denied. However, if the particular statute permits an application for rehearing or other method of administrative review to be filed with the administrative agency for an indefinite period of time after the administrative decision has been rendered (such as permitting such application to be filed at any time before judgment by the administrative agency against the applicant or within a specified time after the entry of such judgment), then the authorization for the filing of such application for rehearing or review shall not postpone the time when the administrative decision as to which such application shall be filed would otherwise become final, but the filing of the application for rehearing or review with the administrative agency in this type of case shall constitute the commencement of a new proceeding before such agency, and the decision rendered in order to dispose of such rehearing or other review proceeding shall constitute a new and independent administrative decision. If such new and independent decision consists merely of the denial of the application for rehearing or other method of administrative review, the record upon judicial review of such decision shall be limited to the application for rehearing or other review and the order or decision denying such application and shall not include the record of proceedings had before the rendering of the administrative decision as to which the application for rehearing or other administrative review shall have been filed unless the suit for judicial review is commenced within the time in which it would be authorized by this Act to have been commenced if no application for rehearing or other method of administrative review had been filed. On the other hand, if the rehearing or other administrative review is granted by the administrative agency, then the record on judicial review of the resulting administrative decision rendered pursuant to the rehearing or other administrative review may consist not only of the record of proceedings had before the administrative agency in such rehearing or other administrative review proceeding, but also of the record of proceedings had before such administrative agency prior to its rendering of the administrative decision as to which the rehearing or other administrative review shall have been granted. The term "administrative decision" or "decision" does not mean or include rules, regulations, standards, or statements of policy of general application issued by an administrative agency to implement, interpret, or make specific the legislation enforced or administered by it unless such a rule, regulation, standard or statement of policy is involved in a proceeding before the agency and its applicability or validity is in issue in such proceeding, nor does it mean or include regulations concerning the internal management of the agency not affecting private rights or interests.

(Source: P.A. 92-651, eff. 7-11-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-102)

Sec. 3-102. Scope of Article. This Article III shall apply to and govern every action to review judicially a final decision of any administrative agency where the Act creating or conferring power on such agency, by express reference, adopts the provisions of this Article III or its predecessor, the Administrative Review Act. This Article shall be known as the "Administrative Review Law". In all such cases, any other statutory, equitable or common law mode of review of decisions of administrative agencies heretofore available shall not hereafter be employed.

Unless review is sought of an administrative decision within the time and in the manner herein provided, the parties to the proceeding before the administrative agency shall be barred from obtaining judicial review of such administrative decision. In an action to review any final decision of any administrative agency brought under this Article III, if a judgment is reversed or entered against the plaintiff, or the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff, or the action is dismissed for want of prosecution, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for lack of jurisdiction, neither the plaintiff nor his or her heirs, executors, or administrators may commence a new action within one year or within the remaining period of limitation, whichever is greater. All proceedings in the court for revision of such final decision shall terminate upon the date of the entry of any Order under either Section 2-1009 or Section 13-217. Such Order shall cause the final administrative decision of any administrative agency to become immediately enforceable. If under the terms of the Act governing the procedure before an administrative agency an administrative decision has become final because of the failure to file any document in the nature of objections, protests, petition for hearing or application for administrative review within the time allowed by such Act, such decision shall not be subject to judicial review hereunder excepting only for the purpose of questioning the jurisdiction of the administrative agency over the person or subject matter.

(Source: P.A. 99-642, eff. 7-28-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-103)

Sec. 3-103. Commencement of action. Every action to review a final administrative decision shall be commenced by the filing of a complaint and the issuance of summons within 35 days from the date that a copy of the decision sought to be reviewed was served upon the party affected by the decision, except that in municipalities with a population of 500,000 or less a complaint filed within the time limit established by this Section may be subsequently amended to add a police chief or a fire chief in cases brought under the Illinois Municipal Code's provisions providing for the discipline of fire fighters and police officers.

The method of service of the decision shall be as provided in the Act governing the procedure before the administrative agency, but if no method is provided, a decision shall be deemed to have been served either when a copy of the decision is personally delivered or when a copy of the decision is deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or package, with postage prepaid, addressed to the party affected by the decision at his or her last known residence or place of business.

The form of the summons and the issuance of alias summons shall be according to rules of the Supreme Court.

This amendatory Act of 1993 applies to all cases involving discipline of fire fighters and police officers pending on its effective date and to all cases filed on or after its effective date.

The changes to this Section made by this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly apply to all actions filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 95-831, eff. 8-14-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-104)

Sec. 3-104. Jurisdiction and venue. Jurisdiction to review final administrative decisions is vested in the Circuit Courts, except as to a final order of the Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board in which case jurisdiction to review a final order is vested in the Appellate Court of a judicial district in which the Board maintains an office. If the venue of the action to review a final administrative decision is expressly prescribed in the particular statute under authority of which the decision was made, such venue shall control, but if the venue is not so prescribed, an action to review a final administrative decision may be commenced in the Circuit Court of any county in which (1) any part of the hearing or proceeding culminating in the decision of the administrative agency was held, or (2) any part of the subject matter involved is situated, or (3) any part of the transaction which gave rise to the proceedings before the agency occurred. The court first acquiring jurisdiction of any action to review a final administrative decision shall have and retain jurisdiction of the action until final disposition of the action.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-105)

Sec. 3-105. Service of summons. Summons issued in any action to review the final administrative decision of any administrative agency shall be served by registered or certified mail on the administrative agency and on each of the other defendants except in the case of a review of a final administrative decision of the regional board of school trustees, regional superintendent of schools, or State Superintendent of Education, as the case may be, when a committee of 10 has been designated as provided in Section 7-6 of the School Code, and in such case only the administrative agency involved and each of the committee of 10 shall be served. The method of service shall be as provided in the Act governing the procedure before the administrative agency, but if no method is provided, summons shall be deemed to have been served either when a copy of the summons is personally delivered or when a copy of the decision is deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or package, with postage prepaid, addressed to the party affected by the decision at his or her last known residence or place of business. The form of the summons and the issuance of alias summons shall be according to rules of the Supreme Court. No action for administrative review shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction based upon the failure to serve summons on an employee, agent, or member of an administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity, acting in his or her official capacity, where the administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity has been served as provided in this Section. Service on the director or agency head, in his or her official capacity, shall be deemed service on the administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity. No action for administrative review shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction based upon the failure to serve summons on an administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity, acting, where the director or agency head, in his or her official capacity, has been served as provided in this Section. Service on the administrative agency shall be made by the clerk of the court by sending a copy of the summons addressed to the agency at its main office in the State. The clerk of the court shall also mail a copy of the summons to each of the other defendants, addressed to the last known place of residence or principal place of business of each such defendant. The plaintiff shall, by affidavit filed with the complaint, designate the last known address of each defendant upon whom service shall be made. The certificate of the clerk of the court that he or she has served such summons in pursuance of this Section shall be evidence that he or she has done so.

The changes to this Section made by this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly apply to all actions filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 95-831, eff. 8-14-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-106)

Sec. 3-106. Appearance of defendants. In any action to review any final decision of any administrative agency, the agency shall appear by filing an answer consisting of a record of the proceedings had before it, or a written motion in the cause or a written appearance. All other defendants desiring to appear shall appear by filing a written appearance. Every appearance shall be filed within the time fixed by rule of the Supreme Court, and shall state with particularity an address where service of notices or papers may be made upon the defendant so appearing, or his or her attorney.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-107)

Sec. 3-107. Defendants.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), (b-1), or (c), in any action to review any final decision of an administrative agency, the administrative agency and all persons, other than the plaintiff, who were parties of record to the proceedings before the administrative agency shall be made defendants. The method of service of the decision shall be as provided in the Act governing the procedure before the administrative agency, but if no method is provided, a decision shall be deemed to have been served either when a copy of the decision is personally delivered or when a copy of the decision is deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or package, with postage prepaid, addressed to the party affected by the decision at his or her last known residence or place of business. The form of the summons and the issuance of alias summons shall be according to rules of the Supreme Court.

No action for administrative review shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction: (1) based upon misnomer of an agency, board, commission, or party that is properly served with summons that was issued in the action within the applicable time limits; or (2) for a failure to name an employee, agent, or member, who acted in his or her official capacity, of an administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity where a timely action for administrative review has been filed that identifies the final administrative decision under review and that makes a good faith effort to properly name the administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity. Naming the director or agency head, in his or her official capacity, shall be deemed to include as defendant the administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity that the named defendants direct or head. No action for administrative review shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction based upon the failure to name an administrative agency, board, committee, or government entity, where the director or agency head, in his or her official capacity, has been named as a defendant as provided in this Section.

If, during the course of a review action, the court determines that an agency or a party of record to the administrative proceedings was not made a defendant as required by the preceding paragraph, then the court shall grant the plaintiff 35 days from the date of the determination in which to name and serve the unnamed agency or party as a defendant. The court shall permit the newly served defendant to participate in the proceedings to the extent the interests of justice may require.

(b) With respect to actions to review decisions of a zoning board of appeals under Division 13 of Article 11 of the Illinois Municipal Code, "parties of record" means only the zoning board of appeals and applicants before the zoning board of appeals. The plaintiff shall send a notice of filing of the action by certified mail to each other person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or written statements to the zoning board of appeals with respect to the decision appealed from. The notice shall be mailed within 2 days of the filing of the action. The notice shall state the caption of the action, the court in which the action is filed, and the names of the plaintiff in the action and the applicant to the zoning board of appeals. The notice shall inform the person of his or her right to intervene. Each person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or written statements to the zoning board of appeals with respect to the decision appealed from shall have a right to intervene as a defendant in the action upon application made to the court within 30 days of the mailing of the notice.

(b-1) With respect to an action to review a decision of an administrative agency with final decision-making authority over designated historic properties or areas under Section 11-48.2-4 of the Illinois Municipal Code or a decision of an administrative agency with final decision-making authority over exterior design review of buildings or structures under item (12) of Section 11-13-1 of the Illinois Municipal Code, "parties of record" means only the administrative agency and applicants before the administrative agency. The plaintiff shall send a notice of filing of the action by certified mail to each other person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or a written statement to the administrative agency with respect to the appealed decision. The notice shall be mailed within 2 days of the filing of the action. The notice shall state the caption of the action, the court in which the action was filed, and the names of the plaintiff in the action and the applicant to the administrative agency. The notice shall inform the person of his or her right to intervene. Each person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or a written statement to the administrative agency with respect to the appealed decision shall have a right to intervene as a defendant in the action upon application made to the court within 30 days of the mailing of the notice.

(c) With respect to actions to review decisions of a hearing officer or a county zoning board of appeals under Division 5-12 of Article 5 of the Counties Code, "parties of record" means only the hearing officer or the zoning board of appeals and applicants before the hearing officer or the zoning board of appeals. The plaintiff shall send a notice of filing of the action by certified mail to each other person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or written statements to the hearing officer or the zoning board of appeals with respect to the decision appealed from. The notice shall be mailed within 2 days of the filing of the action. The notice shall state the caption of the action, the court in which the action is filed, and the name of the plaintiff in the action and the applicant to the hearing officer or the zoning board of appeals. The notice shall inform the person of his or her right to intervene. Each person who appeared before and submitted oral testimony or written statements to the hearing officer or the zoning board of appeals with respect to the decision appealed from shall have a right to intervene as a defendant in the action upon application made to the court within 30 days of the mailing of the notice. This subsection (c) applies to zoning proceedings commenced on or after July 1, 2007 (the effective date of Public Act 95-321).

(d) The changes to this Section made by Public Act 95-831 apply to all actions filed on or after August 21, 2007 (the effective date of Public Act 95-831). The changes made by Public Act 100-212 apply to all actions filed on or after August 18, 2017 (the effective date of Public Act 100-212).

(Source: P.A. 103-67, eff. 1-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-108)

Sec. 3-108. Pleadings and record on review.

(a) Complaint. The complaint shall contain a statement of the decision or part of the decision sought to be reviewed. It shall specify whether the transcript of evidence, if any, or what portion thereof, shall be filed by the agency as part of the record. Upon motion of any defendant, or upon its own motion, the court may require of the plaintiff a specification of the errors relied upon for reversal.

(b) Answer. Except as herein otherwise provided, the administrative agency shall file an answer which shall consist of the original or a certified copy of the entire record of proceedings under review, including such evidence as may have been heard by it and the findings and decisions made by it. By order of court or by stipulation of all parties to the review, the record may be shortened by the elimination of any portion thereof. If the complaint specifies that none or only a part of the transcript of evidence shall be filed as part of the answer and if the administrative agency or any other defendant objects thereto, the court shall hear the parties upon this question and make a finding as to whether all, or if less than all, what parts of the transcript shall be included in the answer. No pleadings other than as herein enumerated shall be filed by any party unless required by the court.

(c) Record after remandment. If the cause is remanded to the administrative agency and a review shall thereafter be sought of the administrative decision, the original and supplemental record, or so much thereof as shall be determined by court order or the stipulation of all the parties, shall constitute the record on review.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-109)

Sec. 3-109. Costs of preparing and certifying record of proceedings before agency. If the statute under authority of which the administrative decision was entered provides or requires that the plaintiff in the review proceeding shall pay to the agency the costs of preparing and certifying the record of proceedings before the agency, the failure to make that payment shall relieve the agency of the necessity of filing the answer required in Section 3-108 of this Act and shall be authority for the entry of an order by the court, on motion therefor by the agency or any other defendant, dismissing the complaint and (in the case of an administrative decision which requires the payment of money) entering a judgment against the plaintiff and in favor of the administrative agency for the amount shown by the administrative decision that is involved to be due, and for costs.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-110)

Sec. 3-110. Scope of review. Every action to review any final administrative decision shall be heard and determined by the court with all convenient speed. The hearing and determination shall extend to all questions of law and fact presented by the entire record before the court. No new or additional evidence in support of or in opposition to any finding, order, determination or decision of the administrative agency shall be heard by the court. The findings and conclusions of the administrative agency on questions of fact shall be held to be prima facie true and correct.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-111)

Sec. 3-111. Powers of circuit court.

(a) The Circuit Court has power:

(1) with or without requiring bond (except if otherwise provided in the particular statute under authority of which the administrative decision was entered), and before or after answer filed, upon notice to the agency and good cause shown, to stay the decision of the administrative agency in whole or in part pending the final disposition of the case. For the purpose of this subsection, "good cause" requires the applicant to show (i) that an immediate stay is required in order to preserve the status quo without endangering the public, (ii) that it is not contrary to public policy, and (iii) that there exists a reasonable likelihood of success on the merits;

(2) to make any order that it deems proper for the amendment, completion or filing of the record of proceedings of the administrative agency;

(3) to allow substitution of parties by reason of marriage, death, bankruptcy, assignment or other cause;

(4) to dismiss parties, to correct misnomers, including any erroneous identification of the administrative agency that was made in good faith, to realign parties, or to join agencies or parties;

(5) to affirm or reverse the decision in whole or in part;

(6) where a hearing has been held by the agency, to reverse and remand the decision in whole or in part, and, in that case, to state the questions requiring further hearing or proceedings and to give such other instructions as may be proper;

(7) where a hearing has been held by the agency, to remand for the purpose of taking additional evidence when from the state of the record of the administrative agency or otherwise it shall appear that such action is just. However, no remandment shall be made on the ground of newly discovered evidence unless it appears to the satisfaction of the court that such evidence has in fact been discovered subsequent to the termination of the proceedings before the administrative agency and that it could not by the exercise of reasonable diligence have been obtained at such proceedings; and that such evidence is material to the issues and is not cumulative;

(8) in case of affirmance or partial affirmance of an administrative decision which requires the payment of money, to enter judgment for the amount justified by the record and for costs, which judgment may be enforced as other judgments for the recovery of money;

(9) when the particular statute under authority of which the administrative decision was entered requires the plaintiff to file a satisfactory bond and provides for the dismissal of the action for the plaintiff's failure to comply with this requirement unless the court is authorized by the particular statute to enter, and does enter, an order imposing a lien upon the plaintiff's property, to take such proofs and to enter such orders as may be appropriate to carry out the provisions of the particular statute. However, the court shall not approve the bond, nor enter an order for the lien, in any amount which is less than that prescribed by the particular statute under authority of which the administrative decision was entered if the statute provides what the minimum amount of the bond or lien shall be or provides how said minimum amount shall be determined. No such bond shall be approved by the court without notice to, and an opportunity to be heard thereon by, the administrative agency affected. The lien, created by the entry of a court order in lieu of a bond, shall not apply to property exempted from the lien by the particular statute under authority of which the administrative decision was entered. The lien shall not be effective against real property whose title is registered under the provisions of the Registered Titles (Torrens) Act until the provisions of Section 85 of that Act are complied with.

(b) Technical errors in the proceedings before the administrative agency or its failure to observe the technical rules of evidence shall not constitute grounds for the reversal of the administrative decision unless it appears to the court that such error or failure materially affected the rights of any party and resulted in substantial injustice to him or her.

(c) On motion of either party, the circuit court shall make findings of fact or state the propositions of law upon which its judgment is based.

(d) The changes to this Section made by Public Act 95-831 apply to all actions filed on or after August 21, 2007 (the effective date of Public Act 95-831). The changes made by this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly apply to all actions filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 100-212, eff. 8-18-17.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 3-112)

Sec. 3-112. Appeals. A final decision, order, or judgment of the Circuit Court, entered in an action to review a decision of an administrative agency, is reviewable by appeal as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 88-1.)

(735 ILCS 5/3-113)

Sec. 3-113. Direct review of administrative orders by the appellate court.

(a) Unless another time is provided specifically by the law authorizing the review, an action for direct review of a final administrative decision of an administrative agency by the appellate court shall be commenced by the filing of a petition for review in the appellate court within 35 days from the date that a copy of the decision sought to be reviewed was served upon the party affected by the decision. The method of service of the decision shall be as provided in the Act governing the procedure before the administrative agency, but if no method is provided, a decision shall be deemed to have been served either when a copy of the decision is personally delivered or when a copy of the decision is deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or package, with postage prepaid, addressed to the party affected by the decision at his or her last known residence or place of business.

(b) The petition for review shall be filed in the appellate court and shall specify the parties seeking review and shall designate the respondent and the order or part thereof to be reviewed. The administrative agency and all persons, other than the petitioner, who were parties of record to the proceedings before the administrative agency shall be made respondents. The method of service of the decision shall be as provided in the Act governing the procedure before the administrative agency, but if no method is provided, a decision shall be deemed to have been served either when a copy of the decision is personally delivered or when a copy of the decision is deposited in the United States mail, in a sealed envelope or package, with postage prepaid, addressed to the party affected by the decision at his or her last known residence or place of business. The form of the summons and the issuance of alias summons shall be according to rules of the Supreme Court.

If, during the course of a review action, the court determines that an agency or a party of record to the administrative proceedings was not made a defendant as required by the preceding paragraph, then the court shall grant the plaintiff 35 days from the date of the determination in which to name and serve the unnamed agency or party as a defendant. The court shall permit the newly served defendant to participate in the proceedings to the extent the interests of justice may require.

(c) The changes to this Section made by this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly apply to all actions filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 95-831, eff. 8-14-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IV heading) ARTICLE IV ATTACHMENT

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IV Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. In General

(735 ILCS 5/4-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-101)

Sec. 4-101. Cause. In any court having competent jurisdiction, a creditor having a money claim, whether liquidated or unliquidated, and whether sounding in contract or tort, or based upon a statutory cause of action created by law in favor of the People of the State of Illinois, or any agency of the State, may have an attachment against the property of his or her debtor, or that of any one or more of several debtors, either at the time of commencement of the action or thereafter, when the claim exceeds $20, in any one of the following cases:

1. Where the debtor is not a resident of this State.

2. When the debtor conceals himself or herself or stands in defiance of an officer, so that process cannot be served upon him or her.

3. Where the debtor has departed from this State with the intention of having his or her effects removed from this State.

4. Where the debtor is about to depart from this State with the intention of having his or her effects removed from this State.

5. Where the debtor is about to remove his or her property from this State to the injury of such creditor.

6. Where the debtor has within 2 years preceding the filing of the affidavit required, fraudulently conveyed or assigned his or her effects, or a part thereof, so as to hinder or delay his or her creditors.

7. Where the debtor has, within 2 years prior to the filing of such affidavit, fraudulently concealed or disposed of his or her property so as to hinder or delay his or her creditors.

8. Where the debtor is about fraudulently to conceal, assign, or otherwise dispose of his or her property or effects, so as to hinder or delay his or her creditors.

9. Where the debt sued for was fraudulently contracted on the part of the debtor. The statements of the debtor, his or her agent or attorney, which constitute the fraud, shall have been reduced to writing, and his or her signature attached thereto, by himself or herself, agent or attorney.

10. When the debtor is a person convicted of first degree murder, a Class X felony, or aggravated kidnapping, or found not guilty by reason of insanity or guilty but mentally ill of first degree murder, a Class X felony, or aggravated kidnapping, against the creditor and that crime makes the creditor a "victim" under the Criminal Victims' Asset Discovery Act.

11. (Blank).

(Source: P.A. 101-235, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-102)

Sec. 4-102. Construed for detection of fraud. This Act shall be construed in all courts in the most liberal manner for the detection of fraud.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-103)

Sec. 4-103. Venue. The venue provisions applicable to other civil cases shall apply to attachment proceedings; and in addition thereto, attachment proceedings may be brought in the county where property or credits of the debtor are found.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-104)

Sec. 4-104. Affidavit. A plaintiff seeking the entry of an order for attachment shall file with the court an affidavit based upon the personal knowledge of the affiant and showing:

1. the amount of the claim, so far as practicable, after allowing all just credits and set-offs;

2. facts establishing any one or more of the causes set forth in Section 4-101 of this Act;

3. the place of residence of the defendant, if known, and if not known, that upon diligent inquiry the affiant has been unable to ascertain the place of residence; and

4. facts establishing the cause of action against the defendant.

The plaintiff shall file an additional statement in writing, either embodied in such affidavit or separately, to the effect that the action invoked by such affidavit does or does not sound in tort and a designation of the return day for the summons to be issued in the action; and the court, if it is satisfied that the affidavit has established a prima facie case, shall enter an order for attachment.

In all actions sounding in tort, before an order for attachment is entered, the plaintiff, his or her agent or attorney, shall apply to the circuit court of the county in which the action is to be brought or is pending and be examined, under oath, by the court concerning the cause of action; and, thereupon, the court shall indorse upon the affidavit the amount of damages for which the order for attachment shall be entered, and no greater amount shall be claimed.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-105)

Sec. 4-105. Form of affidavit. Affidavits for attachment in courts may be substantially in the following form:

STATE OF ILLINOIS, )

) ss.

......... County )

A B, being duly sworn, says: That (here state if affiant is agent or attorney of the creditor; if the action is by an individual or corporation, the name of the individual or corporation, and if the action is by a firm, the name of the partners) has a just claim against (name of debtor), on account of (here state facts giving rise to the cause of action and amount of the claim), and the affiant believes (the name of the creditor) is entitled to recover of (name of debtor), after allowing all just credits and set-offs .... dollars and .... cents, which is now due, and that he, she or it has good reason to believe and does believe that (name of debtor) (here state facts which give rise to some one or more of the causes which authorize an attachment). (name of debtor) resides at (here state the residence of the debtor if known, or if not, that the affiant has made diligent inquiry and cannot ascertain his or her or its place of residence.)

Affiant has personal knowledge that the foregoing statements are true. ..... Subscribed and sworn to before me on this .... day of ....,...., ..... My commission expires ....,....,

(If action sounds in tort here include the endorsement of the court as to amount of damages for which order shall be entered)

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-106)

Sec. 4-106. Designation of names. It shall be sufficient, in all cases of attachment, to designate defendants by their reputed names, by surnames, and joint defendants by their separate or partnership names, or by such names, styles or titles as they are usually known; and heirs, executors and administrators of deceased defendants shall be subject to the provisions of Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, in all cases in which it may be applicable to them.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-107)

Sec. 4-107. Bond. After the entry of an order for attachment, as hereinabove stated, the court shall take bond and sufficient security, payable to the People of the State of Illinois, for the use of the person or persons interested in the property attached, in double the sum sworn to be due, conditioned for satisfying all costs which may be awarded to such defendant, or to any others interested in the proceedings, and all damages and costs which shall be recovered against the plaintiff, for wrongfully obtaining the attachment order, which bond, with affidavit of the party complaining, or his, her or its agent or attorney, shall be filed in the court entering the order for attachment. Every order for attachment entered without a bond and affidavit taken, is hereby declared illegal and void, and shall be dismissed. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to require the State of Illinois, or any Department of Government thereof, or any State officer, to file a bond as plaintiff in any proceeding instituted under Part 1 of Article IV of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-108)

Sec. 4-108. Fixing of bond. The court, upon ex parte motion, without notice, supported by affidavit of the plaintiff, his or her agent or attorney, substantially describing the property to be attached, and the value thereof, may, if satisfied of the bona fides of the application and sufficiency of the bond under the circumstances of the case, including proposed garnishments, fix the amount of the bond in double the value of the property to be attached, instead of double the sum sworn to be due, and in such event the order shall direct the officer to attach such specifically described property, but the value of such property to be attached shall not be in excess of an amount sufficient to satisfy the debt claimed and costs. The court may require that such affidavit be supplemented by additional showing, by appraisal or otherwise, as to the value of such property, and may, upon motion of any party to the action claiming an interest in such property, either before or after actual attachment, require additional security, or order release of the attachment to the extent not covered by adequate double security.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-109)

Sec. 4-109. Condition of bond. The condition of the bond shall be applicable to additional certified copies of the order for attachment as well as to the first certified copy of the order for attachment and shall be substantially in the following form:

The condition of this obligation is such, that whereas the plaintiff has on (insert date) applied for an order for attachment in the above entitled action of .... against the estate of the above named ..... Now, if the .... shall prosecute the action with effect, or in the case of failure therein shall satisfy all costs which may be awarded to .... or to any person or persons interested in the property attached, and all damages and costs which shall be recovered against the plaintiff for wrongfully obtaining the order for attachment, then the above obligation to be void; otherwise to remain in full force and effect.

Additional bonds shall not be required for obtaining additional certified copies, except as provided in Section 4-115 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-110)

Sec. 4-110. Order for attachment. The order for attachment required in the preceding section shall be directed to the sheriff (and, for purpose only of service of summons, to any person authorized to serve summons), or in case the sheriff is interested, or otherwise disqualified or prevented from acting, to the coroner of the county in which the action is commenced, and shall be made returnable on a return day designated by the plaintiff, which day shall not be less than 10 days or more than 60 days after its date. Such order shall order the officer to attach so much of the estate, real or personal, of the defendant, to be found in the county, as shall be of value sufficient to satisfy the debt and costs, according to the affidavit, but in case any specific property of the defendant, found in the county, shall be described in the order, then the officer shall attach the described property only, and no other property. Such estate or property shall be so attached in the possession of the officer to secure, or so to provide, that the same may be liable to further proceedings thereupon, according to law. The order shall also direct that the officer summon the defendant to appear and answer the complaint of the plaintiff in court at a specified time or, at defendant's option, to appear at any time prior thereto and move the court to set a hearing on the order for the attachment or affidavit; and that the officer also summon any specified garnishees, to be and appear in court at a specified time to answer to what may be held by them for the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-111)

Sec. 4-111. Attachment against joint debtors. In all cases where two or more persons are jointly indebted, either as partners or otherwise, and an affidavit is filed as provided in Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, so as to bring one or more of such joint debtors within its provisions, and amenable to an action for attachment, then the order for attachment shall be entered against the property and the effects of such as are so brought within the provisions of Part 1 of Article IV of this Act; and the officer shall be also directed to summon, all defendants to the action, whether the action for attachment is against them or not, to answer the action, as in other cases of joint defendants.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-112)

Sec. 4-112. Serving of order. Such officer shall without delay serve the order for attachment upon the property described in the order, or in the absence of such description, upon the lands, tenements, goods, chattels, rights, credits, moneys and effects of the debtor, or upon any lands and tenements in and to which such debtor has or may claim any equitable interest or title, of sufficient value to satisfy the claim sworn to, with costs of the action.

Except as provided in Section 4-116 of this Act, the order for attachment may be levied only in the county in which the order is entered, and by a proper officer of that county.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-113)

Sec. 4-113. Certificate of levy. When an order for attachment is levied upon any real estate, in any case, it shall be the duty of the officer making the levy to file a certificate of such fact with the recorder of the county where such land is situated; and from and after the filing of the same, such levy shall take effect, as to creditors and bona fide purchasers, without notice, and not before.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-114)

Sec. 4-114. Serving defendant. The officer shall also serve a certified copy of the order upon the defendant therein, if he or she can be found, in like manner as provided for service of summons in other civil cases. Such service upon the defendant shall be made as soon as possible after the entry of the order for attachment upon the property described in the order, but in no event later than 5 days thereafter. Failure to make such service upon the defendant within the time provided shall in the absence of good cause shown for such delay, be ground for vacating of the attachment order upon motion of the defendant made at any time. The return of the order shall state the particular manner in which the order was served. If the certified copy of the order is served upon the defendant less than 10 days before the return day thereof, the defendant shall not be compelled to appear or plead until 15 days after the return day designated in the order. The certified copy of the order for attachment may be served as a summons upon defendants wherever they may be found in the State, by any person authorized to serve process in like manner as summons in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-115)

Sec. 4-115. Additional certified copies. (a) When it appears by the return of the officer that the defendant or property of the defendant is not found, or that a garnishee designated by the order for attachment has not been served, additional certified copies of the order for attachment may be issued by the clerk of court on the application of the plaintiff.

(b) Additional certified copies of the order for attachment may also issue on the application of the plaintiff where the property attached, or the property found to be in the possession of the garnishee or garnishees, is not of a value sufficient to satisfy the claim sworn to, with costs of the action. The provisions of this subsection shall not be applicable to cases in which the court order describes specific property to be attached.

(c) When the order for attachment is directed against specific property of the defendant and only a portion of the property described is attached, or the property found to be in the possession of the garnishee or garnishees, is not of a value sufficient to satisfy the claim sworn to, with costs of action, a certified copy of the order for attachment against the remainder of the property described, may be issued by the clerk of court upon the application of the plaintiff. A certified copy of the order for attachment may also issue where additional specific property is desired to be attached, but before such certified copy shall issue the plaintiff shall furnish an additional bond in accordance with Section 4-108 of this Act, in double the value of the additional specific property. Where an order for attachment covering specific property has been entered, a certified copy of the order for attachment may be issued by the clerk of court on the application of the plaintiff directing the sheriff to attach sufficient property of the defendant, which, together with the specific property already attached, if any, will equal the amount of the plaintiff's claim, and before such certified copy shall issue the plaintiff shall furnish in accordance with Section 4-107 of this Act an additional bond in amount double the value of the additional property to be attached.

(d) When an additional certified copy is issued, the defendant shall be served, if he or she can be found, and return shall be made, and the same proceedings shall be had, as though such additional certified copy was the original certified copy.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-116)

Sec. 4-116. Pursuit of property. If the defendant, or any person for him or her, shall be in the act of removing any personal property, the officer may pursue and take the same in any county in this State, and return the same to the county from which such order for attachment issued.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-117)

Sec. 4-117. Serving on Sunday. If it shall appear, by the affidavit, that a debtor is actually absconding, or concealed, or stands in defiance of an officer duly authorized to arrest him or her on civil process, or has departed this State with the intention of having his or her effects and personal estate removed out of the State, or intends to depart with such intention, it shall be lawful for the clerk to issue, and sheriff or other officer to serve a certified copy of the order for attachment against such debtor, on a Sunday as on any other day.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-118)

Sec. 4-118. Certified copies of order to other county. The creditor may, at the same time, or at any time before judgment, cause a certified copy of an order for attachment to be issued to any other county in the State where the debtor may have property liable to be attached, which shall be levied as other certified copies of orders for attachment.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-119)

Sec. 4-119. Forthcoming bond. The officer serving the order for attachment shall take and retain the custody and possession of the property attached, to answer and abide by the judgment of the court, unless the person in whose possession the same is found shall enter into bond and security to the officer, to be approved by the officer, in double the value of the property so attached with condition that the estate and property shall be forthcoming to answer the judgment of the court in the action. The sheriff, or other officer shall return such bond to the court in which the action was brought, on the day to which such order for attachment is returnable.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-120)

Sec. 4-120. Bond or recognizance to pay judgment. Any defendant in attachment, desiring the return of property attached, may, at his or her option, instead of or in substitution for the bond required in the preceding section, give like bond and security, in a sum sufficient to cover the amount due sworn to in behalf of the plaintiff, with all interest, damages and costs of the action, conditioned that the defendant will pay the plaintiff the amount of the judgment and costs which may be entered against him or her in that action, on a final trial, within 90 days after such judgment shall be entered or a recognizance, in substance hereinabove stated, may be taken by the court, and filed of record, in which case the court shall approve of the security and the recognizance made to the plaintiff, and upon a forfeiture of such recognizance judgment may be entered and enforced as in other cases of recognizance. In either case, the attachment shall be dissolved, and the property taken restored, and all previous proceedings, either against the sheriff or against the garnishees, set aside, and the cause shall proceed as if the defendant had been seasonably served with a summons.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-121)

Sec. 4-121. Neglect of officer to take bond. If the sheriff fails to return a bond taken by virtue of the provisions of Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, or has neglected to take one when he or she ought to have done so, in any attachment entered under any of the provisions of Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, the plaintiff in the attachment may cause a rule to be entered at any time during the first 10 days after the day on which the order is returnable requiring the sheriff to return the bond; or in case no bond has been taken, to show cause why such bond was not taken. If the sheriff does not return the bond within one day thereafter, or show legal and sufficient cause why the bond has not been taken, judgment shall be entered against the sheriff for the amount of the plaintiff's claim, with costs of the action. Enforcement may thereupon be had after judgment is entered against the defendant in the attachment action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-122)

Sec. 4-122. Neglect to return sufficient bond. The plaintiff may, within 30 days after the return of such bond, except to the sufficiency thereof, reasonable notice of such exception having been given to the sheriff or other officer who took the same, and if, upon hearing, the court shall adjudge such security insufficient, such sheriff shall be subject to the same judgment and recovery and have the same liberty of defense as if the sheriff had been made defendant in the attachment, unless good and sufficient security shall be given within such time as may be directed by the court, and enforcement may be had thereupon as in other cases of judgment for the payment of money. Whenever the judgment of the plaintiff, or any part thereof shall be paid or satisfied by any such sheriff, he or she shall have the same remedy against the defendant for the amount so paid by him or her as is now provided by law for bail against their principal where a judgment is paid or satisfied by them.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-123)

Sec. 4-123. Action on bond. If the plaintiff does not object to the bond taken by the sheriff, or the objections are not sustained, and such bond is forfeited, the plaintiff in the attachment may bring an action thereon in his or her own name, the same as if such bond had been assigned to him or her, and judgment shall be entered for the plaintiff against the obligors in the bond for the value of the property, or if the property is greater than the amount due upon the judgment, then for the amount due and costs of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-124)

Sec. 4-124. Live stock. When any sheriff or other officer enforces an order for attachment by taking possession of horses, cattle or live stock, and the same are not immediately replevied or restored to the debtor, such officer shall provide sufficient sustenance for the support of such live stock until the live stock is sold or discharged from such attachment. The sheriff or other officer shall receive therefor a reasonable compensation, to be ascertained and determined by the court in which the attachment order was entered, and charged in the fee bill of such officer, and shall be collectible as part of the costs.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-125)

Sec. 4-125. Perishable property. When any goods and chattels are levied on by virtue for any order of attachment, and the sheriff or other officer having custody of such goods and chattels is of the opinion that they are of a perishable nature and in danger of immediate waste or decay, such sheriff or other officer shall demand that the plaintiff in such attachment obtain from the court which entered the order for attachment an order permitting such property to be sold not later than 24 hours after the levy has been made, upon due notice of sale to the defendant and to the public as the court in its order shall require. The money derived from such sale shall be applied to satisfy the judgment entered in the attachment action, and deposited with the clerk of the court to which the certified copy of the order for attachment is returnable.

If the plaintiff in the attachment fails or refuses to obtain such an order for sale of perishable property, the sheriff or other officer making the levy shall be absolved of all responsibility to any person for loss occasioned by the failure to sell or care for such perishable property. The demand of the sheriff or other officer shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the plaintiff or his or her attorney or agent, and to the defendant if found. If defendant is not found, a copy of the demand shall be posted on the premises where the perishable items are located. Plaintiff's motion for an order of sale of perishable property shall be treated as an emergency motion.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-126)

Sec. 4-126. Summoning garnishees. The sheriff or any other person authorized to serve summons shall, in like manner as summons are served in ordinary civil cases, summon, wherever they may be found in the State, the persons mentioned in such order for attachment as garnishees and all other persons whom the creditor shall designate as having any property, effects, choses in action or credits in their possession or power, belonging to the defendant, or who are in anyway indebted to such defendant, the same as if their names had been inserted in such order for attachment. The persons so summoned shall be considered as garnishees. The return shall state the names of all persons so summoned, and the date of such service on each.

Persons summoned as garnishees shall thereafter hold any property, effects, choses in action or credits in their possession or power belonging to the defendant which are not exempt, subject to the court's order in such proceeding, and shall not pay to the defendant any indebtedness owed to him or her subject to such order, and such property, effects, choses in action, credits and debts shall be considered to have been attached and the plaintiff's claim to have become a lien thereon pending such action.

(Source: P.A. 89-364, eff. 1-1-96.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-127) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-127)

Sec. 4-127. Notice by publication and mail. When it shall appear by the affidavit filed or by the return of the officer, that a defendant in any attachment action is not a resident of this State, or the defendant has departed from this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State, so that the order for attachment cannot be served upon him or her, and that property of the defendant has been attached, or that persons having such property or effects, choses in action or credits belonging to defendant, or owing debts to him or her, have been summoned as garnishees, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the court in which the action is pending to give notice, by publication at least once in each week for 3 weeks successively, in some newspaper published in this State, most convenient to the place where the court is held, of such attachment or garnishment, and at whose action, against whose estate, for what sum, and before what court the same is pending, and that unless the defendant shall appear, give bail, and plead within the time limited for his or her appearance in such case, judgment will be entered, and the estate so attached or garnisheed sold or otherwise disposed of as provided by law. Such clerk shall, within 10 days after the first publication of such notice, send a copy thereof by mail, addressed to such defendant, if the place of residence is stated in such affidavit; and the certificate of the clerk that he or she has sent such notice in pursuance of this section, shall be evidence of that fact.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-128) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-128)

Sec. 4-128. Default. No default or proceeding shall be taken against any defendant not served with summons within the State and not appearing, unless the first publication or personal service outside of the State be at least 30 days prior to the day at which such default or proceeding is proposed to be taken.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-129) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-129)

Sec. 4-129. Continuance for want of publication. If for want of due publication or service the cause is continued, the same proceedings shall be had at a subsequent return day to be fixed by the court, as might have been had at the return day at which the certified copy of the order for attachment was returnable.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-130) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-130)

Sec. 4-130. Filing complaint. The complaint shall be filed 10 days before the return day of the certified copy of the order for attachment, and if so filed the defendant, subject to the provisions of Section 4-114 of this Act, shall file his or her answer or otherwise plead on or before that day. If the complaint is not so filed the defendant shall not be compelled to appear or answer until 15 days after the return day designated in the order for attachment and if the complaint is not filed within 5 days after the return day designated in the order for attachment the defendant may, in the discretion of the court have the action dismissed.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-131) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-131)

Sec. 4-131. Pleadings. The defendant may answer, denying the facts stated in the affidavit upon which the order for attachment was entered which answer shall be verified by affidavit; and if, upon the trial thereon, the issue is found for the plaintiff, the defendant may answer the complaint or file a motion directed thereto as in other civil cases, but if found for the defendant, the order for attachment shall be set aside, and the costs of the attachment shall be adjudged against the plaintiff, but the action shall proceed to final judgment as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-132) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-132)

Sec. 4-132. Amendments. Subject to the requirements of Section 4-137 of this Act, no order for attachment shall be vacated, nor the property taken thereon restored, nor any garnishee discharged, nor any bond by him or her given canceled, nor any rule entered against the sheriff discharged, on account of any insufficiency of the original affidavit, order for attachment or attachment bond, if the plaintiff, or some credible person for him, her or it shall cause a legal and sufficient affidavit or attachment bond to be filed, or the order to be amended, in such time and manner as the court shall direct; and in that event the cause shall proceed as if such proceedings had originally been sufficient.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-133) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-133)

Sec. 4-133. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Part 1 of Article IV of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-134) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-134)

Sec. 4-134. Intervention. In all cases of attachment, any person, other than the defendant, claiming the property attached, or garnisheed may intervene, verifying his or her petition by affidavit, without giving bond, but such property shall not thereby be replevied; and the court shall immediately (unless good cause be shown by either party for a continuance) direct a jury to be impaneled to inquire into the right of the property. In all cases where the jury finds for the claimant, and that such claimant is also entitled to the possession of all or any part of such property, the court shall enter judgment for such claimant accordingly and order the property attached or garnisheed to which such claimant is entitled to be delivered to such claimant, and the payment of his or her costs in such action. In cases where the jury finds for a claimant but further finds that such claimant is not then entitled to the possession of any such property, such claimant shall be entitled to his or her costs; and where the jury find for the plaintiff in the attachment, such plaintiff shall recover his or her costs against such claimant. If such claimant is a non-resident of the State he or she shall file security for costs as in cases of non-resident plaintiffs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-135) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-135)

Sec. 4-135. Counterclaim. Any defendant against whom an order for attachment is entered under Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, may avail himself or herself of any counterclaim as provided in Section 2-608 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-136) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-136)

Sec. 4-136. Substitution of parties. The provisions in regard to joinder, nonjoinder or misjoinder of parties applicable to other civil cases, shall be applicable to attachment proceedings; and when any action has been commenced in the name of the wrong party as plaintiff, the court, if satisfied that it has been so commenced through mistake, and that it is necessary for the determination of the real matter in dispute so to do, may allow any other party or parties to be substituted.

No change of parties made, or any other amendment made by order of court, shall impair any previous attachment of the estate of any defendant remaining in the action, nor impair any recognizance or bond given by any party remaining either as against the defendant, defendants, his, hers, its, or their sureties. No sureties shall be released by reason of any amendment made by order of court.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-137) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-137)

Sec. 4-137. Prompt hearing. At any time after the entry of an order for attachment, upon motion of the defendant, the court shall set a hearing on the order or affidavit. The hearing shall be held as soon as possible after the motion by the defendant, but shall not be more than 5 days after service of notice on the plaintiff.

At the hearing, either party may introduce affidavits or oral testimony. The order for attachment shall be vacated unless the plaintiff shows by a preponderance of evidence that a cause for the entry of the order exists, and unless the plaintiff demonstrates to the court the probability that he, she or it will ultimately prevail in the action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-138) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-138)

Sec. 4-138. Proceedings in aid. Upon the return of certified copies of orders for attachment issued in aid of actions pending, unless it shall appear that the defendant or defendants have been served with process in the original action, notice of the pendency of the action, and of the issue and levy of the order for attachment, shall be given as is required in cases of original attachment; and such notification shall be sufficient to entitle the plaintiff to judgment, and the right to proceed thereon against the property and estate attached, and against garnishees, in the same manner and with like effect as if the action had been commenced as an original action for attachment.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-139) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-139)

Sec. 4-139. Effect of judgment. When the defendant has been served with the order for attachment, or appears in the action, the judgment shall have the same force and effect as in other civil cases; and enforcement may be had thereon, not only against the property attached, but the other property of the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-140) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-140)

Sec. 4-140. Judgment by default. When the defendant is notified as hereinabove stated, but not served with an order for attachment within the State, and does not appear and answer the action, judgment by default may be entered, which may be proceeded upon to final judgment as in other cases of default, but in no case shall judgment be entered against the defendant for a greater sum than appears, by the affidavit of the plaintiff, to have been due at the time of obtaining the order for attachment, with interest, damages and costs; and such judgment shall bind, and enforcement had against the property, credits and effects attached, and such judgment shall not be enforced from any other property of the defendant; nor shall such judgment be any evidence of debt against the defendant in any subsequent cases.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-141) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-141)

Sec. 4-141. Property levied upon. The property attached may be levied upon by judgment entered in the attachment action, whether in the possession of the officer or secured by bond as provided in Part 1 of Article IV of this Act, and shall be sold as other property levied upon for the enforcement of a judgment for the payment of money.

(Source: P.A. 82-783.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-142) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-142)

Sec. 4-142. Division of proceeds. All judgments for the payment of money in actions for attachment against the same defendant, returnable on the same day, and all judgments in other civil cases or orders for attachment against such defendant, recovered within 30 days from the day when the judgment in the first attachment upon which judgment is recovered is entered, shall share pro rata, according to the amount of the several judgments, in the proceeds of the property attached, either in the possession of a garnishee or otherwise. If the property is attached while the defendant is removing the same or after the same has been removed from the county, and the same is overtaken and returned, or while the same is secreted by the defendant, or placed out of his or her possession for the purpose of defrauding his or her creditors, the court may allow the creditor or creditors through whose diligence the same has been secured a priority over other attachment or judgment creditors.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-143) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-143)

Sec. 4-143. Officer to divide proceeds. Upon issuing a certified copy of a judgment for the enforcement thereof against any property attached, the proceeds of which shall be required to be divided, the clerk shall, at the same time, prepare and deliver to the sheriff or other officer to whom the certified copy of the judgment is delivered, a statement of all judgments, with the costs thereon, which shall be entitled to share in such proceeds, and when any judgment creditor shall have been allowed a priority over the other judgment creditors, the same shall be stated. Upon the receipt of such proceeds by the sheriff or other officer, he or she shall divide and pay over the same to the several judgment creditors entitled to share in the same in the proportion they shall be entitled thereto.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-144) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-144)

Sec. 4-144. Payment into court. The court may, at any time before the proceeds of any attached property have been paid over to the judgment creditors, order the whole or any part thereof to be deposited with the clerk of the court, and the court may enter any and all orders concerning the same as it deems just.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-145) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-145)

Sec. 4-145. Sale of live stock. When any live stock is levied upon in any attachment proceeding, the plaintiff may apply to the court in which the action is pending for an order of sale thereof, and if it shall appear that the stock is fit for market, or that if not sold will depreciate in value, then the court shall order a sale of the property on such terms as shall seem proper, and the proceeds shall be deposited with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending until determined by the court, and then be paid to the successful party in the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IV Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Watercraft

(735 ILCS 5/4-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-201)

Sec. 4-201. Liens in general. Every sail vessel, steamboat, steam dredge, tug boat, scow, canal boat, barge, lighter, and other water craft of above five tons burthen, used or intended to be used in navigating the waters or canals of this State, or used in trade and commerce between ports and places within this State, or having their home port in this State, shall be subject to a lien thereon, which lien shall extend to the tackle, apparel and furniture of such craft, as follows:

1. For all debts contracted by the owner or part owner, master, clerk, steward, agent or ship's husband of such craft, on account of supplies and provisions furnished for the use of such water craft, on account of work done or services rendered on board of such craft by any seaman, master or other employee thereof, or on account of work done or materials furnished by mechanics, tradesmen or others, in or about the building, repairing, fitting, furnishing or equipping such craft.

2. For all sums due for wharfage, anchorage or dock hire, including the use of dry docks.

3. For sums due for towage, labor at pumping out or raising, when sunk or disabled, and to shipshusband or agent of such water craft, for disbursement due by the owner on account of such water craft.

4. For all damages arising for the nonperformance of any contract of affreightment, or of any contract touching the transportation of property entered into by the master, owner, agent or consignee of such water craft, where any such contract is made in this state.

5. For all damages arising from injuries done to persons or property by such water craft, whether the same are aboard said vessel or not, where the same shall have occurred through the negligence or misconduct of the owner, agent, master or employee thereon; but the craft shall not be liable for any injury or damage received by one of the crew from another member of the crew.

(Source: P.A. 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-202) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-202)

Sec. 4-202. Lien on goods for freight. There shall also be a lien upon the goods, wares and merchandise shipped, taken in and put aboard any such water craft for sums due for freight, advanced charges and demurrage, which shall be collected against the goods, wares and merchandise in the same manner as hereinafter provided in Part 2 of Article IV of this Act, in cases of sums due against such water craft.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-203) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-203)

Sec. 4-203. Limitation. Any such lien may be enforced in the manner herein provided at any time within 5 years. However, no creditor shall be allowed to enforce such lien as against, or to the prejudice of any other creditor or subsequent incumbrancer, or bona fide purchaser, unless proceedings are instituted to enforce such lien within 9 months after the indebtedness accrues or becomes due.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-204) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-204)

Sec. 4-204. Complaint. The person claiming to have a lien under the provisions of Part 2 of Article IV of this Act may file in the circuit court, in the county where any such water craft may be found, a complaint, setting forth the nature of his or her claim, the amount due after allowing all payments and just offsets, the name of the water craft, and the name and residence of each owner known to the plaintiff; and when any owner or his or her place of residence is not known to the plaintiff, he or she shall so state, and that he or she has made inquiry and is unable to ascertain the same, which complaint shall be verified by the affidavit of the plaintiff or his or her agent or attorney. If the claim is upon an account or instrument in writing, a copy of the same shall be attached to the complaint.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-205) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-205)

Sec. 4-205. Bond. The plaintiff, or his or her agent or attorney, shall also file with such complaint a bond, payable to the owner of the craft to be attached, or, if unknown, to the unknown owners thereof, in at least double the amount of the claim, with security to be approved by the court, conditioned that the plaintiff shall prosecute his or her action with effect, or, in case of failure therein, will pay all costs and damages which the owner or other person interested in such water craft may sustain, in consequence of the wrongful suing out of such attachment, which bond may be sued by any owner or person interested, in the same manner as if it had been given to such person by his or her proper name. Only such persons shall be required to join in such suit as have a joint interest. Others may allege breaches and have assessment of damages, as in other actions on penal bonds.

(Source: P.A. 84-631.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-206) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-206)

Sec. 4-206. Designation of defendants. Upon the filing of such complaint and bond, the court shall enter an order for attachment against the owners of such water craft, directed to the sheriff of the county, or other officer if the sheriff is disqualified or unavailable to attach such water craft. Such owners may be designated by their reputed names, by surnames, and joint defendants by their separate or partnership names, or by such names, styles or titles as they are usually known. If the name of any owner is unknown, he or she may be designated as unknown owner.

(Source: P.A. 84-631.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-207) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-207)

Sec. 4-207. Order. The order shall command the sheriff or other officer to attach the vessel, its tackle, apparel and furniture, to satisfy such claim and costs, and all such claims as shall be exhibited against such vessel according to law, and having attached the same, to summon the owners of such vessel, to be and appear before the court on a specified date to answer what may be claimed against them and the vessel.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-208) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-208)

Sec. 4-208. Serving of order. The sheriff or other officer to whom such order for attachment is directed shall forthwith serve a certified copy of the order upon such defendant as summons is served in other civil cases, and attaching the vessel, her tackle, apparel and furniture, and shall keep the same until disposed of as hereinafter provided. The sheriff or other officer shall also, on or before the return day in such order, or at any time after the service thereof, make a return to the court, stating therein particularly his or her doings in the premises, and shall make, subscribe and annex thereto a just and true inventory of all the property so attached.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-209) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-209)

Sec. 4-209. Only one attachment. Whenever such order for attachment is entered and served, no other order for attachment shall be entered against the same water craft, unless the first attachment is discharged, or the vessel is bonded.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-210) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-210)

Sec. 4-210. Notice by publication and mail. Upon return being made to such order, unless the vessel has been bonded, as hereinafter provided, the clerk shall immediately cause notice to be given in the same manner as required in other cases of attachment. The notice shall contain, in addition to that required in other cases of attachment, a notice to all persons to intervene for their interests on a day certain, or that the claim will be heard ex parte.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-211) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-211)

Sec. 4-211. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Part 2 of Article IV of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which the plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-212) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-212)

Sec. 4-212. Intervention. Any person having a lien upon or any interest in the water craft attached, may intervene to protect such interest, by filing a petition, entitled an intervening petition; and any person interested may be made a defendant at his or her request, or that of any party to the action, and may defend any petition by filing an answer as hereinafter provided, and giving security, satisfactory to the court, to pay any costs arising from such defense; and upon the filing of any intervening petition, a summons, as hereinbefore provided, shall issue; and if the same shall be returned not served, notice by publication may be given as hereinabove stated and several intervening petitioners may be united with each other, or the original, in one notice.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-213) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-213)

Sec. 4-213. Bond by intervenor. Any person intervening to enforce any lien or claims adverse to the owners of the craft attached shall, at the time of filing the petition, file with the clerk a bond as in the case of original attachment.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-214) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-214)

Sec. 4-214. Intervening petition. Intervening petitions may be filed at any time before the vessel is bonded, as provided in Section 4-216 of this Act, or, if the same is not so bonded, before order for distribution of the proceeds of the sale of the craft, and the same proceeding shall thereupon be had as in the case of claims filed before sale.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-215) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-215)

Sec. 4-215. Liens not filed cease. All liens upon any water craft which are not filed hereunder before sale under judgment, as hereinafter provided, shall cease.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-216) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-216)

Sec. 4-216. Bonding vessel. The owner, his or her agent or attorney, or any other person interested in such water craft, desiring the return of the property attached, having first given notice to the plaintiff, his or her agent or attorney, of his or her intention to bond the same, may, at any time before judgment, file with the court in which the action is pending, a bond to the parties, having previously filed a complaint or intervening petition against such craft, in a penalty at least double the aggregate of all sums alleged to be due the several plaintiffs or intervening petitioners, with security to be approved by the court, conditioned that the obligors will pay all moneys adjudged to be due such claimants, with costs of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-217) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-217)

Sec. 4-217. Appraisement - Restitution - Sale. If the owner, his or her agent or attorney, or other party in interest, so elect, in place of bonding, as heretofore provided, such person may apply to the court upon like notice, for an order of appraisement of such water-craft so seized, by three competent persons to be appointed by the court and named in the order, and upon such party depositing with the clerk the amount of such appraisement in money, or executing or filing with the clerk a bond for such amount, executed as provided in the preceding section, the court shall enter an order of restitution, as provided in the next section, and if the claimant of such water-craft shall decline any such application, or neglect within 20 days to accept such appraisement and make the deposit, or give bond as hereinabove stated, or the property seized shall be liable to decay, depreciation or injury from delay, the court, in its discretion, may order the same or part thereof to be sold, and the proceeds thereof to be brought into court to abide the results of the action.

(Source: P.A. 84-631.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-218) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-218)

Sec. 4-218. Order of restitution. Upon receiving a bond or deposit, as provided in either of the foregoing sections, the court shall enter an order of restitution, directing the officer who attached the water-craft to deliver the same to the person from whose possession it was taken, and the water-craft shall be discharged from all the liens secured by such bond or deposit, unless the court, upon motion, orders it again into custody on account of the insufficiency or insolvency of the surety.

(Source: P.A. 84-631.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-219) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-219)

Sec. 4-219. Additional security. If any plaintiff or intervening petitioner, at any time, deems his or her security insufficient, or has become imperiled, he or she may, by motion supported by affidavit filed, and upon notice served with copy of such affidavit and motion, move the court to direct the giving of additional security, which motion shall be promptly heard and determined, and such order made therein as justice shall require; and the court may enforce all orders so made by attachment for contempt against persons, or by orders against such water-craft, or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-220) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-220)

Sec. 4-220. Answer - Default. Within 3 days after the return day of summons - if personally served 10 days before the day on which it is returnable, or within 13 days after such return day, if personally served less than 10 days prior thereto, or if not personally served, then within the time prescribed in the published notice - the owner or any person interested adversely to the claims mentioned in the notice, unless on cause shown, further time shall be allowed by the court, shall plead to the complaint as in other civil cases. If an answer is filed, the answer shall respond completely and distinctly to each allegation of the complaint, and shall be supported by affidavit. If no such answer or motion, together with an affidavit is filed within the time above specified, the plaintiff is entitled to an order of default, and the claim may be proved and judgment entered as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-221) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-221)

Sec. 4-221. Judgment when vessel discharged. If, after trial, judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff, and the water craft has been discharged from custody as herein provided, the judgment shall be entered against the principal and sureties in the bond. In no case shall the judgment exceed the penalty of the bond, and the subsequent proceedings shall be the same as now provided by law in actions in personam. If the release has been upon deposit, the judgment shall be paid out of the deposit.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-222) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-222)

Sec. 4-222. Judgment when vessel in custody. In case the water craft has not been discharged from custody, the judgment shall be that the same, with the appurtenances, be sold at public sale by the sheriff, after notice of the time and place of the sale, published as herein required in cases of seizure, at least 10 days before such sale. In case of petition filed prior to distribution, the judgment shall be for payment out of the proceeds of sale, and in case of claims filed against surplus proceeds, the judgment, if in favor of the petitioner, shall, in substance, affirm the claim to be sustained, and direct payment thereof from the surplus proceeds.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-223) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-223)

Sec. 4-223. Order of sale. The court shall thereupon enter an order of sale, commanding the sheriff to sell such water craft as directed in the judgment, and to return the certified copy of the order of sale within 24 hours after the sale, with his or her doings in the premises, and with proof by affidavit of the requisite notice, with a copy of such notice.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-224) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-224)

Sec. 4-224. Proceedings on sale. It shall be the duty of the sheriff, upon receiving the amount of the bid at any sale, either before or after judgment, from the purchaser, or in case the purchaser is the plaintiff or an intervenor, upon receiving so much of the bid as the court directs by order, reference being had to the relative amount of the buyer's claim, to deliver such water craft and appurtenances to the purchaser, with a bill of sale thereof, and to return and to deliver to the clerk of court the amount received on such sale.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-225) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-225)

Sec. 4-225. Bill of sale. A copy of the last enrollment, if any, of such water craft shall be recited in the bill of sale if such copy can be obtained, and a copy of the judgment, with the order of sale, or if such craft is sold pursuant to an order before judgment, a copy of such order shall also be recited in such bill of sale, certified by the clerk, under the seal of the court; and such bill of sale shall be full and complete evidence of the regularity of the judgment or order and sale, in all courts and places, and shall supersede the necessity of any other proof thereof to validate the bill of sale; and all bills of sale containing such recital, and supported by such proof, are effectual to pass the title of such water craft.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-226) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-226)

Sec. 4-226. Distribution. The sum delivered by the sheriff to the clerk of court as above set out, shall be distributed by the court upon motion of any party in interest of record, and due notice to the other parties, and after the following manner:

First - The costs accruing upon all complaints filed before distribution, and on which judgment is or may be thereafter entered in favor of plaintiff.

Second - Seamen's (which term shall include the master) wages due upon the last two voyages, or if shipped by the month the last two months.

Third - All other claims filed prior to order of distribution on which judgment may be entered in favor of plaintiff, together with whatever balance may be due seamen.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-227) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-227)

Sec. 4-227. Remnants. Any portion of the sum so paid by the sheriff to the clerk, or of a deposit remaining after such distribution as hereinabove provided, shall be denominated remnants and surplus proceeds, and where any claim or complaint is filed against the same as provided in Part 2 of Article IV of this Act, distribution shall be directed by the court after judgment upon motion and notice, as provided in Section 4-226 of this Act, and after the following order:

First - All costs upon claims passing into judgment which were filed after distribution.

Second - All other liens enforceable under Part 2 of Article IV of this Act against the water craft prior to distribution.

Third - All claims upon mortgages of such water craft or other incumbrances by the owner, in proportion to the interest they cover and priority.

Fourth - Upon petition of the creditor, all judgments against the owner, and which ought equitably to be paid out of the proceeds in preference to the owner.

Fifth - The owner.

(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/4-228) (from Ch. 110, par. 4-228)

Sec. 4-228. Power of court in distribution. In case the sum for which the water craft is sold is sufficient to pay all the claims filed before distribution, with costs thereon, and an appeal is taken as provided by law, the court may order distribution of such portion of the sum brought on sale upon judgments unappealed from as may seem just and proper.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. V heading) ARTICLE V COSTS

(735 ILCS 5/5-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-101)

Sec. 5-101. Security for costs. In all actions in any court on official bonds for the use of any person, actions on the bonds of executors, administrators or guardians, qui tam actions, actions on a penal statute, and in all civil actions, where the plaintiff, or person for whose use an action is to be commenced, is not a resident of this State, the plaintiff, or person for whose use the action is to be commenced, shall, before he or she institutes such action, file, or cause to be filed, with the clerk of the court in which the action is to be commenced, security for costs, substantially in the following form:

A B v. C D - (Title of court.)

I, (E.F.) enter myself security for all costs which may accrue in the above entitled action.

Dated this .... day of ...., ..... (Signed) E.F. (Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-102)

Sec. 5-102. Approval - Effect of bond. Such instrument shall be signed by some responsible person, being a resident of this State, and be approved by the clerk, and shall bind such person to pay all costs which may accrue in such action, either to the opposing party or to any of the officers of the court in which the action is commenced, or to which it is removed by change of place of trial or appeal.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-103)

Sec. 5-103. Dismissal for want of security. If any such action is commenced without filing such written instrument, the court, on motion, shall dismiss the same, and the attorney of the plaintiff shall pay all costs accruing thereon, unless the security for costs is filed within such time as is allowed by the court, and when so filed it shall relate back to the commencement of the action; the right to require security for costs shall not be waived by any proceeding in the action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-104)

Sec. 5-104. Events after filing action. If at any time after the commencement of any action by a resident of this state, he or she becomes non-resident; or if in any case the court is satisfied that any plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of the action, or that he or she is so unsettled as to endanger the officers of the court with respect to their legal claims, it shall be the duty of the court, on motion of the defendant or any officer of the court, to order the plaintiff, on or before a day in such order stated, to give security for the payment of costs in such action. If such plaintiff neglects or refuses, on or before the day in such order stated, to file a written instrument of some responsible person, being a resident of this state, whereby he or she shall bind himself or herself to pay all costs which have accrued, or may accrue in such action, the court shall, on motion, dismiss the action. The defendant or officer making such motion shall file therewith his or her affidavit, or the affidavit of some credible person, stating that he or she has reason to believe, and does believe, that in case such action is prosecuted to a conclusion, a judgment will be entered against such plaintiff for such costs.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-105)

Sec. 5-105. Waiver of court fees, costs, and charges.

(a) As used in this Section:

(1) "Fees, costs, and charges" means payments imposed on a party in connection with the prosecution or defense of a civil action, including, but not limited to: fees set forth in Section 27.1b of the Clerks of Courts Act; fees for service of process and other papers served either within or outside this State, including service by publication pursuant to Section 2-206 of this Code and publication of necessary legal notices; motion fees; charges for participation in, or attendance at, any mandatory process or procedure including, but not limited to, conciliation, mediation, arbitration, counseling, evaluation, "Children First", "Focus on Children" or similar programs; fees for supplementary proceedings; charges for translation services; guardian ad litem fees; and all other processes and procedures deemed by the court to be necessary to commence, prosecute, defend, or enforce relief in a civil action.

(2) "Indigent person" means any person who meets one or more of the following criteria:

(i) He or she is receiving assistance under one or more of the following means-based governmental public benefits programs: Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), General Assistance, Transitional Assistance, or State Children and Family Assistance.

(ii) His or her available personal income is 125% or less of the current poverty level, unless the applicant's assets that are not exempt under Part 9 or 10 of Article XII of this Code are of a nature and value that the court determines that the applicant is able to pay the fees, costs, and charges.

(iii) He or she is, in the discretion of the court, unable to proceed in an action without payment of fees, costs, and charges and whose payment of those fees, costs, and charges would result in substantial hardship to the person or his or her family.

(iv) He or she is an indigent person pursuant to Section 5-105.5 of this Code.

(3) "Poverty level" means the current poverty level as established by the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

(b) On the application of any person, before or after the commencement of an action:

(1) If the court finds that the applicant is an indigent person, the court shall grant the applicant a full fees, costs, and charges waiver entitling him or her to sue or defend the action without payment of any of the fees, costs, and charges.

(2) If the court finds that the applicant satisfies any of the criteria contained in items (i), (ii), or (iii) of this subdivision (b)(2), the court shall grant the applicant a partial fees, costs, and charges waiver entitling him or her to sue or defend the action upon payment of the applicable percentage of the assessments, costs, and charges of the action, as follows:

(i) the court shall waive 75% of all fees, costs, and charges if the available income of the applicant is greater than 125% but does not exceed 150% of the poverty level, unless the assets of the applicant that are not exempt under Part 9 or 10 of Article XII of this Code are such that the applicant is able, without undue hardship, to pay a greater portion of the fees, costs, and charges;

(ii) the court shall waive 50% of all fees, costs, and charges if the available income is greater than 150% but does not exceed 175% of the poverty level, unless the assets of the applicant that are not exempt under Part 9 or 10 of Article XII of this Code are such that the applicant is able, without undue hardship, to pay a greater portion of the fees, costs, and charges; and

(iii) the court shall waive 25% of all fees, costs, and charges if the available income of the applicant is greater than 175% but does not exceed 200% of the current poverty level, unless the assets of the applicant that are not exempt under Part 9 or 10 of Article XII of this Code are such that the applicant is able, without undue hardship, to pay a greater portion of the fees, costs, and charges.

(c) An application for waiver of court fees, costs, and charges shall be in writing and signed by the applicant, or, if the applicant is a minor or an incompetent adult, by another person having knowledge of the facts. The contents of the application for waiver of court fees, costs, and charges, and the procedure for the decision of the applications, shall be established by Supreme Court Rule. Factors to consider in evaluating an application shall include:

(1) the applicant's receipt of needs based governmental public benefits, including Supplemental Security Income (SSI); Aid to the Aged, Blind and Disabled (AABD); Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP or "food stamps"); General Assistance; Transitional Assistance; or State Children and Family Assistance;

(2) the employment status of the applicant and amount of monthly income, if any;

(3) income received from the applicant's pension, Social Security benefits, unemployment benefits, and other sources;

(4) income received by the applicant from other household members;

(5) the applicant's monthly expenses, including rent, home mortgage, other mortgage, utilities, food, medical, vehicle, childcare, debts, child support, and other expenses; and

(6) financial affidavits or other similar supporting documentation provided by the applicant showing that payment of the imposed fees, costs, and charges would result in substantial hardship to the applicant or the applicant's family.

(c-5) The court shall provide, through the office of the clerk of the court, the application for waiver of court fees, costs, and charges to any person seeking to sue or defend an action who indicates an inability to pay the fees, costs, and charges of the action. The clerk of the court shall post in a conspicuous place in the courthouse a notice no smaller than 8.5 x 11 inches, using no smaller than 30-point typeface printed in English and in Spanish, advising the public that they may ask the court for permission to sue or defend a civil action without payment of fees, costs, and charges. The notice shall be substantially as follows:

"If you are unable to pay the fees, costs, and charges of an action you may ask the court to allow you to proceed without paying them. Ask the clerk of the court for forms."

(d) (Blank).

(e) The clerk of the court shall not refuse to accept and file any complaint, appearance, or other paper presented by the applicant if accompanied by an application for waiver of court fees, costs, and charges, and those papers shall be considered filed on the date the application is presented. If the application is denied or a partial fees, costs, and charges waiver is granted, the order shall state a date certain by which the necessary fees, costs, and charges must be paid. For good cause shown, the court may allow an applicant who receives a partial fees, costs, and charges waiver to defer payment of fees, costs, and charges, make installment payments, or make payment upon reasonable terms and conditions stated in the order. The court may dismiss the claims or strike the defenses of any party failing to pay the fees, costs, and charges within the time and in the manner ordered by the court. A judicial ruling on an application for waiver of court assessments does not constitute a decision of a substantial issue in the case under Section 2-1001 of this Code.

(f) The order granting a full or partial fees, costs, and charges waiver shall expire after one year. Upon expiration of the waiver, or a reasonable period of time before expiration, the party whose fees, costs, and charges were waived may file another application for waiver and the court shall consider the application in accordance with the applicable Supreme Court Rule.

(f-5) If, before or at the time of final disposition of the case, the court obtains information, including information from the court file, suggesting that a person whose fees, costs, and charges were initially waived was not entitled to a full or partial waiver at the time of application, the court may require the person to appear at a court hearing by giving the applicant no less than 10 days' written notice of the hearing and the specific reasons why the initial waiver might be reconsidered. The court may require the applicant to provide reasonably available evidence, including financial information, to support his or her eligibility for the waiver, but the court shall not require submission of information that is unrelated to the criteria for eligibility and application requirements set forth in subdivision (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this Section. If the court finds that the person was not initially entitled to any waiver, the person shall pay all fees, costs, and charges relating to the civil action, including any previously waived fees, costs, and charges. The order may state terms of payment in accordance with subsection (e). The court shall not conduct a hearing under this subsection more often than once every 6 months.

(f-10) If, before or at the time of final disposition of the case, the court obtains information, including information from the court file, suggesting that a person who received a full or partial waiver has experienced a change in financial condition so that he or she is no longer eligible for that waiver, the court may require the person to appear at a court hearing by giving the applicant no less than 10 days' written notice of the hearing and the specific reasons why the waiver might be reconsidered. The court may require the person to provide reasonably available evidence, including financial information, to support his or her continued eligibility for the waiver, but shall not require submission of information that is unrelated to the criteria for eligibility and application requirements set forth in subdivisions (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this Section. If the court enters an order finding that the person is no longer entitled to a waiver, or is entitled to a partial waiver different than that which the person had previously received, the person shall pay the requisite fees, costs, and charges from the date of the order going forward. The order may state terms of payment in accordance with subsection (e) of this Section. The court shall not conduct a hearing under this subsection more often than once every 6 months.

(g) A court, in its discretion, may appoint counsel to represent an indigent person, and that counsel shall perform his or her duties without fees, charges, or reward.

(h) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to affect the right of a party to sue or defend an action in forma pauperis without the payment of fees, costs, charges, or the right of a party to court-appointed counsel, as authorized by any other provision of law or by the rules of the Illinois Supreme Court. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit the authority of a court to order another party to the action to pay the fees, costs, and charges of the action.

(h-5) If a party is represented by a civil legal services provider or an attorney in a court-sponsored pro bono program as defined in Section 5-105.5 of this Code, the attorney representing that party shall file a certification with the court in accordance with Supreme Court Rule 298 and that party shall be allowed to sue or defend without payment of fees, costs, and charges without filing an application under this Section.

(h-10) (Blank).

(i) The provisions of this Section are severable under Section 1.31 of the Statute on Statutes.

(Source: P.A. 101-36, eff. 6-28-19; 102-558, eff. 8-20-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-105.5)

Sec. 5-105.5. Representation by civil legal services provider.

(a) As used in this Section:

"Civil legal services" means legal services in noncriminal matters provided without charge to indigent persons who have been found eligible under financial eligibility guidelines established by the civil legal services provider.

"Civil legal services provider" means a not-for-profit corporation that (i) employs one or more attorneys who are licensed to practice law in the State of Illinois and who directly provide free civil legal services or (ii) is established for the purpose of providing free civil legal services by an organized panel of pro bono attorneys.

"Court-sponsored pro bono program" means a pro bono program established by or in partnership with a court in this State for the purpose of providing free civil legal services by an organized panel of pro bono attorneys.

"Eligible client" means an indigent person who has been found eligible for civil legal services by a civil legal services provider or court-sponsored pro bono program.

"Indigent person" means a person whose income is 125% or less of the current official federal poverty income guidelines or who is otherwise eligible to receive civil legal services under the eligibility guidelines of the civil legal services provider or court-sponsored pro bono program.

(b) When a party is represented in a civil action by a civil legal services provider or attorney in a court-sponsored pro bono program, all fees and costs relating to filing, appearing, transcripts on appeal, and service of process shall be waived without the necessity of a motion for that purpose, and the case shall be given an index number or other appropriate filing number, provided that (i) a determination has been made by the civil legal services provider or attorney in a court-sponsored pro bono program that the party is an indigent person and (ii) an attorney's certification that that determination has been made is filed with the clerk of the court along with the complaint, the appearance, or any other paper that would otherwise require payment of a fee.

(c) The changes made to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly apply to all actions commenced on or after July 1, 2013. The changes made to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly also apply to all actions pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly, but only with respect to fees and costs that become due in those actions after July 1, 2013.

(Source: P.A. 98-351, eff. 8-15-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-106)

Sec. 5-106. Lien of officer. Where any person has been permitted by any court to commence and prosecute or to defend an action as a poor person without the payment of costs and expenses, the clerk of the court and the sheriff shall each have a lien upon every claim, including every claim for unliquidated damages, asserted in such action by the party who has thus been permitted to sue or defend as a poor person, and upon the proceeds thereof, for the amount of all fees and charges, becoming due such officer under the provisions of Section 5-105 of this Act, and remaining unpaid. Of the existence of such lien the order of court permitting the party to proceed as a poor person shall be sufficient notice to all other parties in the cause, as well as to any insurer or other third party in anyway liable for payment of any such claim or portion thereof, who shall have been called upon to defend against the same or otherwise notified of the commencement of such action and the assertion of such claim.

On petition filed in the court in which the action has been commenced, the court shall, on not less than 5 days' notice to all parties concerned, adjudicate the rights of the petitioning officer or officers and enforce the lien or liens by all appropriate means.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-107)

Sec. 5-107. Affidavit. If, prior to the commencement of an action in a court, a person desiring to commence such action in such court, files with the clerk thereof an affidavit, stating that the affiant is a poor person and unable to pay costs, and that his or her cause of action is meritorious, the clerk shall issue, and the sheriff shall serve, all necessary process without requiring costs; if judgment is entered against such plaintiff, it shall be for costs, unless the court shall otherwise order.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-108)

Sec. 5-108. Plaintiff to recover costs. If any person sues in any court of this state in any action for damages personal to the plaintiff, and recovers in such action, then judgment shall be entered in favor of the plaintiff to recover costs against the defendant, to be taxed, and the same shall be recovered and enforced as other judgments for the payment of money, except in the cases hereinafter provided.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-109)

Sec. 5-109. Defendant to recover costs. If any person sues in any court of this state, in any action, wherein the plaintiff may have costs in case judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff and the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff or is dismissed for want of prosecution or judgment is entered against the plaintiff, then judgment shall be entered in favor of defendant to recover defendant's costs against the plaintiff (except against executors or administrators prosecuting in the right of their testator or intestate), to be taxed, and the costs shall be recovered of the plaintiff, by like process as the plaintiff may have had against the defendant, in case judgment had been entered for such plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-110)

Sec. 5-110. Judgment on motion. If in any action, judgment upon any motion directed to the complaint, answer or reply, by either party to the action, is entered against the plaintiff, the defendant shall recover costs against the plaintiff. If such judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall recover costs against the defendant; and the person so recovering costs may collect same in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-111)

Sec. 5-111. Pleading several matters. Where any defendant in any action, or plaintiff in replevin, pleads several matters, and any of such matters, upon a motion directed to the complaint, answer or reply, is adjudged insufficient, or if judgment is entered, in any issues of the cause, for the plaintiff, costs shall be awarded at the discretion of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-112)

Sec. 5-112. Several counts. Where there are several counts in any complaint, and any one of them is adjudged insufficient, or a judgment on any issue joined thereon is entered for the defendant, costs shall be awarded in the discretion of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-113)

Sec. 5-113. Several defendants. Where several persons are made defendant to any action, if judgment is entered in favor of any one or more of the defendants, each defendant shall recover costs in the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-114)

Sec. 5-114. Scire facias and prohibition. In all actions of scire facias, or prohibition, the plaintiff recovering judgment after an answer was filed, or a motion directed to the complaint, shall recover his or her costs of the action. If the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff or is dismissed for want of prosecution or judgment is entered against the plaintiff, the defendant shall recover his or her costs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-115)

Sec. 5-115. Number of witnesses. The court may limit the number of witnesses whose fees are to be taxed against any party to such number, not less than 2, as shall appear to the court to be necessary.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-116)

Sec. 5-116. Dismissals. In all cases, where any action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff or is dismissed for want of prosecution by reason that the plaintiff neglects to prosecute the same, the defendant shall recover judgment for his or her costs, to be taxed and to be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-117)

Sec. 5-117. Action by State. In all actions commenced or to be commenced for and on behalf of the people of this state, or the governor thereof, or for or on behalf of any county of this state, or in the name of any person for the use of the people of this state, or any county, then and in every such case, if the plaintiff recovers in such action, the plaintiff shall recover costs as any other person in like cases; but if the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff or is dismissed for want of prosecution or judgment is entered against the plaintiff, the defendant shall not recover any costs whatever. Nothing in this section contained shall extend to any popular action, nor to any action to be prosecuted by any person in behalf of himself or herself and the people or a county, upon any penal statute.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-118)

Sec. 5-118. Costs on dismissal. Upon the action being dismissed, or the defendant dismissing the same for want of prosecution, the defendant shall recover against the plaintiff full costs; and in all other civil cases, not otherwise directed by law, it shall be in the discretion of the court to award costs or not; and the payment of costs, when awarded, may be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-119)

Sec. 5-119. Action for use of another. When judgment for costs is entered against a plaintiff suing for the use of another, such judgment shall also be against the person for whose use the action is brought, in like manner as if he or she had been a joint plaintiff, and the same may be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-120)

Sec. 5-120. Affirmance or reversal on appeal. If any person takes an appeal to review the judgment of any other court, and the judgment is affirmed or the appeal is dismissed, the appellee shall recover costs, which may be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced; and if the judgment is reversed, the appellant shall recover costs, which may be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-120.5)

Sec. 5-120.5. Administrative review, code compliance.

(a) In an administrative review action under Article III of this Code, if the court reverses the decision of a municipal code hearing officer in an action set forth under subsection (c) of this Section, then the court may award the plaintiff all reasonable costs, including court costs and attorney's fees, associated with the action if the court finds that: (i) the decision of the hearing officer was arbitrary and capricious; or (ii) the defendant failed to file a record under Section 3-108 of this Code that is sufficient to allow the court to determine whether the decision of the hearing officer was arbitrary and capricious.

(b) The court may award the municipality reasonable costs, including court costs and attorney's fees, if the court finds that the plaintiff's action under Article III of this Code for administrative review of a decision by the municipal code hearing officer is not reasonably well grounded in fact, is not warranted by existing law, or is not accompanied by a reasonable argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law.

(c) This Section applies only to the decision of a code hearing officer that imposes a fine or penalty against the owner of a single-family or multi-family residential dwelling for a violation related to the condition or use of that residential property. This Section does not apply to any administrative decision of a municipality with a population of more than 500,000.

(d) The provisions of this Section are mutually dependent and inseverable; if any provision is held invalid, then the entire Section is invalid.

(Source: P.A. 98-1105, eff. 1-1-15.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-121)

Sec. 5-121. Clerks to tax costs. The clerk of any court in this state is hereby authorized and required to tax and subscribe all bills of costs arising in any action or proceeding instituted in which such person is clerk, agreeably to the rates which shall, at that time, be allowed or specified by law and shall in no case allow any item or charge unless the clerk shall be satisfied that the service for which it was made was actually performed in the action or proceeding.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-122)

Sec. 5-122. Postage as costs. When service or return of process is made by mail, the postage and postal fees may be recovered as costs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-123)

Sec. 5-123. Retaxing costs. Any person who is dissatisfied by the taxation of any bill of costs by the clerk may apply to the court in which the action or proceeding was had to retax the same, according to law. If the court finds any charge allowed for services not performed, or for which the person charged is not liable, or any item charged higher than is allowed by law, then the court shall correct such taxation; and if the dissatisfied party has paid such unlawful charge, the clerk shall pay to the dissatisfied party, out of fees in the possession of the clerk, the amount which such party has paid by reason of the unlawful charge.

(Source: P.A. 84-552.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-124)

Sec. 5-124. Stay of enforcement of fee bill. When collection of any fee bill is attempted, the dissatisfied party may stay the enforcement of the fee bill by giving to the officer attempting collection, bond with sufficient sureties, to be approved by such officer, in the amount of such fee bill, conditioned for the payment of such fee bill if the same is not quashed; and upon receiving such bond, such officer shall forthwith return the fee bill and bond to the court. If it appears to the court that any item or charge contained in such fee bill is not authorized by law, or is for services not actually rendered, or any item is charged in an amount which is higher than is allowed by law, the court shall quash such fee bill and bond, and correct the taxation of the costs for which such fee bill was issued, and upon such correction being made, such costs may be collected in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 84-553.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-125)

Sec. 5-125. Enforcement of fee bill. In all cases where either party is adjudged to pay costs before final judgment, by reason of setting aside a voluntary dismissal, a dismissal for want of prosecution or a default, or the granting of a continuance or new trial, or otherwise, and in all cases where there is security for costs, or attorney liable for costs, or an action brought to the use of another, and the plaintiff is adjudged to pay the costs, either before or upon final judgment, it shall be lawful for the clerk to prepare and tax a bill of costs so adjudged to be paid, against the party adjudged to pay the same, and against his or her security for costs, or other person liable for the payment thereof, or either of them, and certify the same under the seal of the court, which being delivered to the sheriff of the proper county, the sheriff shall demand payment from the person therein charged; if payment is not made accordingly, within 30 days after such demand, the sheriff shall levy the same on the goods and chattels, lands and tenements of the person so chargeable, and proceed therein in the same manner as judgments for the payment of money are enforced.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 5-126)

Sec. 5-126. Costs after tender. Whoever is guilty of a trespass or injury or whoever owes another unliquidated damages or demands arising out of a contract may at any time, before or after suit is brought, tender what he or she shall conceive sufficient amends for the injury done or to pay the unliquidated damages or demands; and if suit has been commenced, also the costs of suit up to the time of making the tender. If it appears that the sum tendered was sufficient amends for the injury done or to pay the damages, and if suit has been commenced was also sufficient to pay the costs of suit up to the time of making the tender, the plaintiff shall not be allowed to recover any costs incurred after the tender, but shall be liable to the defendant for the defendant's costs incurred after that time.

(Source: P.A. 87-409.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-126.5)

Sec. 5-126.5. Expenses. The plaintiff shall be allowed to recover as costs those expenses required by law or a law enforcement or court officer for the purposes of enforcing a judgment including levy bonds, replevin bonds, certification of court orders, recording certified orders or memoranda of judgment, and expenses for those assisting a sheriff or other court officer in enforcing court orders including, but not limited to, orders for possession, replevin orders, and personal property levies.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/5-127)

Sec. 5-127. Charges relating to electronic filing. All charges relating to the electronic filing of cases and pleadings, imposed by the court, clerk of the court, county, or a person with whom the court, clerk, or county may contract, are taxable as court costs.

(Source: P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VI heading) ARTICLE VI EJECTMENT

(735 ILCS 5/6-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-101)

Sec. 6-101. Bringing action. An action of ejectment may be brought in the cases and manner heretofore accustomed, subject to the provisions contained in Article VI of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-102)

Sec. 6-102. Interest in land. It may also be brought to recover lands, tenements or hereditaments, and by any person claiming an estate therein, in fee for life or for years, whether as heir, legatee or purchaser.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-103)

Sec. 6-103. Lessee of United States or of this State. In all cases in which any person has heretofore entered upon and occupied or shall hereafter enter upon and occupy, any lands, tenements or hereditaments within this state, by virtue of any lease or permit from the United States or this state, such person, his, her or their legatees, executors, administrators, heirs or assigns, may have and maintain an action of ejectment against any person who has or may enter upon such lands, tenements or hereditaments without the consent of such lessee, his, her or their legatees, executors, administrators, heirs or assigns, and proof of the right of possession shall be sufficient to authorize a recovery.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-104)

Sec. 6-104. Interest of plaintiff. No person shall recover in ejectment unless he or she has, at the time of commencing the action, a valid subsisting interest in the premises claimed, and a right to recover the same, or to recover the possession thereof, or of some share, interest or portion thereof, to be proved and established at the trial.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-105)

Sec. 6-105. Joinder of plaintiffs. Any two or more persons claiming the same premises as joint tenants or tenants in common, may join in an action for the recovery thereof, or any one may sue alone for his or her share.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-106)

Sec. 6-106. Joinder of defendants. If the premises for which the action is brought are actually occupied by any person, such actual occupant shall be named defendant in the action; and all other persons claiming title or interest to or in the same may also be joined as defendants.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-107)

Sec. 6-107. Vacant land. If the premises are not occupied, the action shall be brought against some person exercising ownership on the premises claimed, or claiming title thereto, or some interest therein, at the commencement of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-108)

Sec. 6-108. Pleading as in other civil cases. The time of filing complaints in actions of ejectment shall be the same as in other civil cases; and the rules of pleading and practice in other civil cases shall apply to actions of ejectment, so far as they are applicable, and except as is otherwise provided by Article VI of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-109)

Sec. 6-109. Allegations in complaint. It shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to allege in the complaint that (on some day therein to be specified, and which shall be after his or her title accrued), he or she was possessed of the premises involved (describing them as hereinafter provided), and, being so possessed thereof, that the defendant afterwards (on some day to be stated) entered into such premises, and that he or she unlawfully withholds from the plaintiff the possession thereof, to his or her damage any nominal sum the plaintiff deems proper to state.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-110)

Sec. 6-110. Description of premises. The premises so claimed shall be described in such complaint with convenient certainty, so that, from such description, possession of the premises claimed may be delivered. If the plaintiff claims any undivided share of interest in any premises, he or she shall state the same particularly in the complaint; but the plaintiff, in any case, may recover such part, share or interest in the premises as he or she shall appear on the trial to be entitled to.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-111)

Sec. 6-111. Interest claimed. The plaintiff shall state whether he or she claims in fee, or whether he or she claims for his or her own life, or the life of another, or for a term of years, specifying such life or the duration of such term.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-112)

Sec. 6-112. Limited to matters which are germane. The complaint may contain several counts, and several parties may be named as plaintiffs, jointly in one count and separately in others. Except as provided in this Article, no matters not germane to the distinctive purpose of the action shall be introduced by joinder, counterclaim or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-113)

Sec. 6-113. Summons as in other civil cases. Summons shall be issued, tested, served and returned as summons in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-114)

Sec. 6-114. Notice to landlord. Every tenant who is sued in ejectment by any person other than his or her landlord, shall forthwith give notice thereof to his or her landlord, or to his or her agent or attorney, under the penalty of forfeiting 2 years' rent of the premises involved, or the value thereof, to be recovered by such landlord by civil action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-115)

Sec. 6-115. Landlord as defendant. The landlord, whose tenant is sued in ejectment, may, upon his or her own motion or that of the plaintiff, be made defendant in such action, upon such terms as may be ordered by the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-116)

Sec. 6-116. Pleading by defendant. The defendant may file any appropriate motion as in ordinary civil cases, and may answer as hereinafter provided by way of general denial, or specific denial or affirmative defense, and such motion or answer shall constitute an appearance in the case.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-117)

Sec. 6-117. General denial. Under a general denial which alleges generally that the defendant is not guilty of unlawfully withholding the premises claimed by the plaintiff, the defendant may offer in evidence any matter that may tend to defeat the plaintiff's action, except that it shall not put in issue the possession of the premises by the defendant or that he or she claims title or interest in the premises.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-118)

Sec. 6-118. Plaintiff's proof. It is not necessary for the plaintiff to prove that the defendant was in possession of the premises, or claims title or interest therein at the time of bringing the action, or that the plaintiff demanded the possession of the premises, unless the defendant in his or her answer verified by affidavit specifically denies that he or she was in such possession, or claims title or interest therein, or that demand of possession was made.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-119)

Sec. 6-119. Plaintiff's proof - Continued. It is not necessary for the plaintiff to prove an actual entry under title, nor the actual receipt of any of the profits of the premises demanded; but it shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to prove a right to the possession of such premises at the time of the commencement of the action, as heir, legatee, purchaser or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-120)

Sec. 6-120. Evidence. It is not necessary on the trial for the defendant to admit, nor for the plaintiff to prove lease, entry and ouster, or either of them, except in actions by one or more tenants in common, or joint tenants against their co-tenants; but this section shall not be construed to impair, nor in any way to affect, any of the rules of evidence now in force in regard to the maintenance and defense of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-121)

Sec. 6-121. Claim of title through common source. If the plaintiff, or his or her agent or attorney, states under oath that he or she claims title through a common source with the defendant, it is sufficient for the plaintiff to show title from such common source, unless the defendant, or his or her agent or attorney, denies, on oath, that he or she claims title through such source, or swears that he or she claims title through some other source.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-122)

Sec. 6-122. Action against co-tenants. If the action is brought by one or more tenants in common, or joint tenants against their co-tenants, the plaintiff, in addition to all other evidence which he or she may be bound to introduce, shall be required to prove, on the trial of the cause, that the defendant actually ousted the plaintiff, or did some other act amounting to a total denial of his or her right as such co-tenant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-123)

Sec. 6-123. Proof of interest. It is not an objection to a recovery in an action of ejectment that any one of several plaintiffs do not prove any interest in the premises claimed, but those entitled shall have judgment, according to their rights, for the whole or such part or portion as he, she or they might have recovered if he, she or they had sued in his, her or their name or names only.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-124)

Sec. 6-124. Action against several. If the action is against several, and the plaintiff is entitled to recover, he or she shall recover against all who are in joint possession or claim the title, whether they have pleaded separately or jointly.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-125)

Sec. 6-125. Proof of occupancy. When the action is against several defendants, if it is proved on the trial that any of them occupy distinct parcels in severalty or jointly, the plaintiff shall elect, at the trial, against which he or she will proceed; and such election shall be made before the evidence in the action is closed, and the action shall be dismissed as to the defendants not so proceeded against.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-126)

Sec. 6-126. Specificity of verdict. In the following cases, if tried by a jury, the verdict shall be rendered as follows:

1. If it is proved on the trial that all the plaintiffs have a right to recover the possession of the premises, the verdict shall be for the plaintiffs generally.

2. If it is proved that one or more of the plaintiffs has a right to the possession of the premises, and that one or more does not have such right, the verdict shall specify for which plaintiff the jury finds, and as to which plaintiff the jury finds for the defendant.

3. If the verdict is for any plaintiff, and there are several defendants, the verdict shall be rendered against such of them as were in possession of the premises or as claimed title thereto at the commencement of the action.

4. If the verdict is for all the premises claimed, as specified in the complaint, it shall, in that respect, be for such premises generally.

5. If the verdict is for a part of the premises described in such complaint, the verdict shall particularly specify such part, as the same was proved, with the same certainty hereinbefore required in the description of the premises claimed.

6. If the verdict is for an undivided share or interest in the premises claimed, it shall specify such share or interest; and if for an undivided share in a part of the premises claimed, it shall specify such share, and shall describe such part of the premises as hereinbefore required.

The verdict shall also specify the estate which has been established on the trial, by the plaintiff in whose favor it is rendered, whether such estate is in fee or for his or her own life or for the life of another, stating such lives, or whether it is for a term of years, and specifying the duration of such term.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-127) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-127)

Sec. 6-127. Expiration of plaintiff's right or termination of plaintiff's title before trial. If the right of a plaintiff in ejectment expires or the plaintiff's title terminates after the commencement of the action, but before trial, the verdict, if tried by a jury, shall be returned according to the fact, and judgment shall be entered that the plaintiff recover his or her damages by reason of the withholding of the premises, by the defendant, to be assessed, and that as to the premises claimed, the action shall be dismissed; and such damages may be thereupon assessed by the court or jury trying the case.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-128) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-128)

Sec. 6-128. Suggestion of death. If there are several plaintiffs in an action of ejectment, and any of them die before final judgment, the death of such party may be suggested of record, and the executor, administrator, heir or legatee of the deceased party shall be allowed to proceed with the action jointly with the survivor, in the same manner as if he or she had originally joined with him or her in commencing the action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-129) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-129)

Sec. 6-129. Judgment. In cases where no other provision is made, the judgment in the action, if the plaintiff prevails, shall be that the plaintiff recover the possession of the premises, according to the verdict of the jury, if there was such a verdict, or the finding of the court, if the case is tried without a jury, or according to the description thereof in the complaint, with costs to be taxed, if the judgment is by default.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-130) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-130)

Sec. 6-130. Recovery of rents and profits. The plaintiff recovering judgment in ejectment in any of the cases in which such action may be maintained, shall also be entitled to recover damages against the defendant for the rents and profits of the premises recovered.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-131) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-131)

Sec. 6-131. Conclusiveness of judgment. Every judgment in the action of ejectment shall be conclusive as to the title established in such action upon the party against whom the same is rendered, and against all persons claiming from, through or under such party, by title accruing after the commencement of such action, subject to the exceptions hereinafter named.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-132) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-132)

Sec. 6-132. New trial as in other civil cases. The court may grant a new trial before or after final judgment, as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-133) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-133)

Sec. 6-133. Petition for damages. Instead of a separate action for the recovery of mesne profits, the plaintiff seeking to recover such damages shall, within one year after the entering of the judgment, file a petition in the ejectment action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-134) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-134)

Sec. 6-134. Petition stands as complaint. Such petition shall be substantially in the same form as is now in use in other civil cases for complaints and the same rules of pleading shall be observed as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-135) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-135)

Sec. 6-135. Service of copy of petition. Upon the filing of such petition, the defendant shall be served with a copy thereof.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-136) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-136)

Sec. 6-136. Pleadings. The pleadings following the filing of the petition and the proceedings thereon shall be the same as in ordinary civil actions, but no matters shall be pleaded or presented which were or might have been denied in such action of ejectment. The defendant may plead a recovery by such defendant, or any other person, of the same premises, or of part thereof, subsequent to the verdict of the jury if tried by a jury, or to the finding of the court if tried without a jury, in such action of ejectment, in bar or in mitigation of the damages claimed by the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-137) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-137)

Sec. 6-137. Issue of fact on petition. If any issue of fact is presented on such petition, it shall be tried as in other civil cases; and if such issue is found for the plaintiff, or if demand for trial by jury has been made in accordance with law, a jury may assess damages in the amount of the mesne profits received by the defendant since he or she entered into possession of the premises, subject to the restrictions contained in Article VI of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-138) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-138)

Sec. 6-138. Extent of recovery. On the trial of such issue, the plaintiff is required to establish and the defendant may deny, the time when such defendant entered into the possession of the premises, the time during which he or she enjoyed the mesne profits thereof, and the value of such profits; and the record of the recovery in the action of ejectment shall not be evidence of such time. On such trial, the defendant shall have the same right to set off any improvements made on the premises, to the amount of the plaintiff's claim, as is now or shall hereafter be judicially allowed; and in estimating the plaintiff's damages, the value of the use by the defendant of any improvements made by him or her shall not be allowed to the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-139) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-139)

Sec. 6-139. Death of plaintiff. If the plaintiff in ejectment dies after issue joined or judgment entered therein, the decedent's personal representatives may offer a suggestion of such death, of the granting of letters of office to them, and may claim their right to the mesne profits of the premises recovered, in the same manner, and with the like effect, as the decedent; and the same proceedings shall in all respects be had thereon.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-140) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-140)

Sec. 6-140. When mesne profits not recoverable. Every person who is hereafter evicted from any land for which he or she can show a plain, clear and connected title deduced from the record of some public office, without actual notice of an adverse title in like manner derived from record, shall be exempt and free from all and every species of action, process or prosecution for or on account of any rents, profits, or damages, which have been done, accrued or incurred at any time prior to receipt of actual notice of the adverse claim by which the eviction may be effected, provided such person obtained peaceable possession of the land.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-141) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-141)

Sec. 6-141. Notice of adverse claim. Notice of any adverse claim or title to the land within the meaning of this Article is to be given by bringing an action for the same, by the one or the other of the parties, and may hereafter be given by bringing an action, as above provided, or by delivering an attested copy of the entry, survey or patent, from which he or she derives his or her title or claim, or leaving any such copy with the party or the spouse of such party. Notice given by the delivery of an attested copy, as above set out, is void, unless an action is filed within one year thereafter. In no case shall the proprietor of the better title be obliged to pay to the occupying claimant, for improvements made after notice, more than what is equal to the rents and profits above set forth.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-142) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-142)

Sec. 6-142. Notice to occupying claimant. Notice to any occupying claimant shall bind all those claiming from, by or through such occupying claimant, to the extent of such claim.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-149) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-149)

Sec. 6-149. Stay of waste - Security. Nothing herein contained shall be construed so as to prevent any court from entering an order to stay waste, and ordering a party to give bond and security in such manner as the court may deem appropriate.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/6-150) (from Ch. 110, par. 6-150)

Sec. 6-150. Abolition of common law fictions. The following common law fictions are abolished:

(1) The use of fictitious names of plaintiffs or defendants and of the names of any other than the real claimants and the real defendants, and the statements of any lease or demise to the plaintiff, and of an ejectment by a casual or nominal ejector.

(2) The consent rule.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VII heading) ARTICLE VII EMINENT DOMAIN (Repealed)(Source: Repealed by P.A. 94-1055, eff. 1-1-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII heading) ARTICLE VIII EVIDENCE

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. Interested Person as Witness

(735 ILCS 5/8-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-101)

Sec. 8-101. Interested witness. No person shall be disqualified as a witness in any action or proceeding, except as hereinafter stated, by reason of his or her interest in the event thereof, as a party or otherwise, or by reason of his or her conviction of any crime; but such interest or conviction may be shown for the purpose of affecting the credibility of such witness; and the fact of such conviction may be proven like any fact not of record, either by the witness himself or herself (who shall be compelled to testify thereto) or by any other witness cognizant of such conviction, as impeaching testimony, or by any other competent evidence.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Dead-Man's Act.

(735 ILCS 5/8-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-201)

Sec. 8-201. Dead-Man's Act. In the trial of any action in which any party sues or defends as the representative of a deceased person or person under a legal disability, no adverse party or person directly interested in the action shall be allowed to testify on his or her own behalf to any conversation with the deceased or person under legal disability or to any event which took place in the presence of the deceased or person under legal disability, except in the following instances:

(a) If any person testifies on behalf of the representative to any conversation with the deceased or person under legal disability or to any event which took place in the presence of the deceased or person under legal disability, any adverse party or interested person, if otherwise competent, may testify concerning the same conversation or event.

(b) If the deposition of the deceased or person under legal disability is admitted in evidence on behalf of the representative, any adverse party or interested person, if otherwise competent, may testify concerning the same matters admitted in evidence.

(c) Any testimony competent under Section 8-401 of this Act, is not barred by this Section.

(d) No person shall be barred from testifying as to any fact relating to the heirship of a decedent.

As used in this Section:

(a) "Person under legal disability" means any person who is adjudged by the court in the pending civil action to be unable to testify by reason of mental illness, an intellectual disability, or deterioration of mentality.

(b) "Representative" means an executor, administrator, heir or legatee of a deceased person and any guardian or trustee of any such heir or legatee, or a guardian or guardian ad litem for a person under legal disability.

(c) "Person directly interested in the action" or "interested person" does not include a person who is interested solely as executor, trustee or in any other fiduciary capacity, whether or not he or she receives or expects to receive compensation for acting in that capacity.

(d) This Section applies to proceedings filed on or after October 1, 1973.

(Source: P.A. 97-227, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 3 heading) Part 3. Surviving Partner or Joint Contractor (Source: P.A. 102-558, eff. 8-20-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-301) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-301)

Sec. 8-301. Surviving partner or joint contractor. In any action or proceeding by or against any surviving partner or partners, or joint contractor or joint contractors, no adverse party or person adversely interested in the event thereof, shall, by virtue of Section 8-101 of this Act, be rendered a competent witness to testify to any admission or conversation by any deceased partner or joint contractor, unless some one or more of the surviving partners or joint contractors were also present at the time of such admission or conversation; and in every action or proceeding a party to the same who has contracted with an agent of the adverse party - the agent having since died - shall not be a competent witness as to any admission or conversation between himself or herself and such agent, unless such admission or conversation with the deceased agent was had or made in the presence of a surviving agent or agents of such adverse party, and then only except where the conditions are such that under the provisions of Sections 8-201 and 8-401 of this Act he or she would have been permitted to testify if the deceased person had been a principal and not an agent.

(Source: P.A. 102-558, eff. 8-20-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 4 heading) Part 4. Account Books and Records

(735 ILCS 5/8-401) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-401)

Sec. 8-401. Account books and records. Where in any action or proceeding, the claim or defense is founded on a book account or any other record or document, any party or interested person may testify to his or her account book, or any other record or document and the items therein contained; that the same is a book, record, or document of original entries, and that the entries therein were made by himself or herself, and are true and just; or that the same were made by a deceased person, or by a disinterested person, a non-resident person of the state at the time of the trial, and where made by such deceased or non-resident person in the usual course of trade, and of his or her duty or employment to the party so testifying; and thereupon the account book and entries or any other record or document shall be admitted as evidence in the cause. Where such book of original entries or any other record or document has been photographed, microphotographed, microfilmed, optical imaged, or otherwise reproduced either in the usual course of business, or pursuant to any statute of this State authorizing the reproduction of public records, papers or documents, and the reproduction, in either case, complies with the minimum standards of quality for permanent records approved by the State Records Commission, then such reproduction shall be deemed to be an original record, book or document for all purposes, including introduction in evidence in all courts or administrative agencies.

(Source: P.A. 87-205; 88-609, eff. 9-1-94.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-402) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-402)

Sec. 8-402. Production of books and writings. The circuit courts shall have power, in any action pending before them, upon motion, and good and sufficient cause shown, and reasonable notice thereof given, to require the parties, or either of them, to produce books or writings in their possession or power which contain evidence pertinent to the issue.

(Source: P.A. 92-651, eff. 7-11-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 5 heading) Part 5. Effect of Release or Assignment

(735 ILCS 5/8-501) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-501)

Sec. 8-501. Release or assignment. In any action or proceeding, any person who would, if a party thereto, be incompetent to testify therein under the provisions of Section 8-201 or Section 8-401 of this Act, shall not become competent by reason of any assignment or release of his or her claim, made for the purpose of allowing such person to testify.

(Source: P.A. 87-760.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 6 heading) Part 6. Certain Laws Unaffected

(735 ILCS 5/8-601) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-601)

Sec. 8-601. Laws not affected. Nothing in this Article shall in any manner affect the laws now existing relating to the settlement of the estates of deceased persons, minors, persons under legal disability who have guardians, or to the acknowledgment or proof of deeds and other conveyances relating to real estate, in order to entitle the same to be recorded, or to the attestation of the execution of last wills or of any other instrument required by law to be attested.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 7 heading) Part 7. Broadcast or Televised Testimony

(735 ILCS 5/8-701) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-701)

Sec. 8-701. Broadcast or televised testimony. No witness shall be compelled to testify in any proceeding conducted by a commission, administrative agency or other tribunal in this State if any portion of his or her testimony is to be broadcast or televised or if motion pictures are to be taken of him or her while he or she is testifying. This Section shall not apply to judicial proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 97-1099, eff. 8-24-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 8 heading) Part 8. Privileged Communications

(735 ILCS 5/8-801) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-801)

Sec. 8-801. Husband and wife. In all actions, husband and wife may testify for or against each other, provided that neither may testify as to any communication or admission made by either of them to the other or as to any conversation between them during marriage, except in actions between such husband and wife, and in actions where the custody, support, health or welfare of their children or children in either spouse's care, custody or control is directly in issue, and as to matters in which either has acted as agent for the other.

(Source: P.A. 83-408.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-802) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802)

Sec. 8-802. Physician and patient. No physician or surgeon shall be permitted to disclose any information he or she may have acquired in attending any patient in a professional character, necessary to enable him or her professionally to serve the patient, except only (1) in trials for homicide when the disclosure relates directly to the fact or immediate circumstances of the homicide, (2) in actions, civil or criminal, against the physician for malpractice, (3) with the expressed consent of the patient, or in case of his or her death or disability, of his or her personal representative or other person authorized to sue for personal injury or of the beneficiary of an insurance policy on his or her life, health, or physical condition, or as authorized by Section 8-2001.5, (4) in all actions brought by or against the patient, his or her personal representative, a beneficiary under a policy of insurance, or the executor or administrator of his or her estate wherein the patient's physical or mental condition is an issue, (5) upon an issue as to the validity of a document as a will of the patient, (6) (blank), (7) in actions, civil or criminal, arising from the filing of a report in compliance with the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, (8) to any department, agency, institution or facility which has custody of the patient pursuant to State statute or any court order of commitment, (9) in prosecutions where written results of blood alcohol tests are admissible pursuant to Section 11-501.4 of the Illinois Vehicle Code, (10) in prosecutions where written results of blood alcohol tests are admissible under Section 5-11a of the Boat Registration and Safety Act, (11) in criminal actions arising from the filing of a report of suspected terrorist offense in compliance with Section 29D-10(p)(7) of the Criminal Code of 2012, (12) upon the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 38 of the Medical Practice Act of 1987; the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 25.1 of the Illinois Dental Practice Act; the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 22 of the Nursing Home Administrators Licensing and Disciplinary Act; or the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 25.5 of the Workers' Compensation Act, (13) upon the issuance of a grand jury subpoena pursuant to Article 112 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, or (14) to or through a health information exchange, as that term is defined in Section 2 of the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act, in accordance with State or federal law.

Upon disclosure under item (13) of this Section, in any criminal action where the charge is domestic battery, aggravated domestic battery, or an offense under Article 11 of the Criminal Code of 2012 or where the patient is under the age of 18 years or upon the request of the patient, the State's Attorney shall petition the court for a protective order pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 415.

In the event of a conflict between the application of this Section and the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act to a specific situation, the provisions of the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act shall control.

(Source: P.A. 101-13, eff. 6-12-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-802.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802.1)

Sec. 8-802.1. Confidentiality of statements made to rape crisis personnel.

(a) Purpose. This Section is intended to protect victims of rape from public disclosure of statements they make in confidence to counselors of organizations established to help them. On or after July 1, 1984, "rape" means an act of forced sexual penetration or sexual conduct, as defined in Section 11-0.1 of the Criminal Code of 2012, including acts prohibited under Sections 11-1.20 through 11-1.60 or 12-13 through 12-16 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012. Because of the fear and stigma that often results from those crimes, many victims hesitate to seek help even where it is available at no cost to them. As a result they not only fail to receive needed medical care and emergency counseling, but may lack the psychological support necessary to report the crime and aid police in preventing future crimes.

(b) Definitions. As used in this Act:

(1) "Rape crisis organization" means any organization or association a major purpose of which is providing information, counseling, and psychological support to victims of any or all of the crimes of aggravated criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, criminal sexual assault, sexual relations between siblings, criminal sexual abuse and aggravated criminal sexual abuse. "Rape crisis organization" includes, but is not limited to, rape crisis centers certified by a statewide sexual assault coalition.

(2) "Rape crisis counselor" means a person who is a psychologist, social worker, employee, or volunteer in any organization or association defined as a rape crisis organization under this Section, who has undergone 40 hours of training and is under the control of a direct services supervisor of a rape crisis organization.

(3) "Victim" means a person who is the subject of, or who seeks information, counseling, or advocacy services as a result of an aggravated criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, criminal sexual assault, sexual relations within families, criminal sexual abuse, aggravated criminal sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of a child, indecent solicitation of a child, public indecency, exploitation of a child, promoting juvenile prostitution as described in subdivision (a)(4) of Section 11-14.4, or an attempt to commit any of these offenses.

(4) "Confidential communication" means any communication between a victim and a rape crisis counselor in the course of providing information, counseling, and advocacy. The term includes all records kept by the counselor or by the organization in the course of providing services to an alleged victim concerning the alleged victim and the services provided.

(c) Waiver of privilege.

(1) The confidential nature of the communication is not waived by: the presence of a third person who further expresses the interests of the victim at the time of the communication; group counseling; or disclosure to a third person with the consent of the victim when reasonably necessary to accomplish the purpose for which the counselor is consulted.

(2) The confidential nature of counseling records is not waived when: the victim inspects the records; or in the case of a minor child less than 12 years of age, a parent or guardian whose interests are not adverse to the minor inspects the records; or in the case of a minor victim 12 years or older, a parent or guardian whose interests are not adverse to the minor inspects the records with the victim's consent, or in the case of an adult who has a guardian of his or her person, the guardian inspects the records with the victim's consent.

(3) When a victim is deceased, the executor or administrator of the victim's estate may waive the privilege established by this Section, unless the executor or administrator has an interest adverse to the victim.

(4) A minor victim 12 years of age or older may knowingly waive the privilege established in this Section. When a minor is, in the opinion of the Court, incapable of knowingly waiving the privilege, the parent or guardian of the minor may waive the privilege on behalf of the minor, unless the parent or guardian has been charged with a violent crime against the victim or otherwise has any interest adverse to that of the minor with respect to the waiver of the privilege.

(5) An adult victim who has a guardian of his or her person may knowingly waive the privilege established in this Section. When the victim is, in the opinion of the court, incapable of knowingly waiving the privilege, the guardian of the adult victim may waive the privilege on behalf of the victim, unless the guardian has been charged with a violent crime against the victim or otherwise has any interest adverse to the victim with respect to the privilege.

(d) Confidentiality. Except as provided in this Act, no rape crisis counselor shall disclose any confidential communication or be examined as a witness in any civil or criminal proceeding as to any confidential communication without the written consent of the victim or a representative of the victim as provided in subparagraph (c).

(e) A rape crisis counselor may disclose a confidential communication without the consent of the victim if failure to disclose is likely to result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury or death of the victim or another person. Any rape crisis counselor or rape crisis organization participating in good faith in the disclosing of records and communications under this Act shall have immunity from any liability, civil, criminal, or otherwise that might result from the action. In any proceeding, civil or criminal, arising out of a disclosure under this Section, the good faith of any rape crisis counselor or rape crisis organization who disclosed the confidential communication shall be presumed.

(f) Any rape crisis counselor who knowingly discloses any confidential communication in violation of this Act commits a Class C misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 102-469, eff. 1-1-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-802.2) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802.2)

Sec. 8-802.2. Confidentiality of statements made to personnel counseling victims of violent crimes.

(a) Purpose. This Section is intended to protect victims of violent crimes from public disclosure of statements they make in confidence to counselors of organizations established to help them. Because of the fear and trauma that often results from violent crimes, many victims hesitate to seek help even where it is available and may therefore lack the psychological support necessary to report the crime and aid police in preventing future crimes.

(b) Definitions. As used in this Act, "violent crimes" include, but are not limited to, any felony in which force or threat of force was used against the victim or any misdemeanor which results in death or great bodily harm to the victim.

(c) Confidentiality. Where any victim of a violent crime makes a statement relating to the crime or its circumstances during the course of therapy or consultation to any counselor, employee or volunteer of a victim aid organization, the statement or contents thereof shall not be disclosed by the organization or any of its personnel unless the maker of the statement consents in writing or unless otherwise directed pursuant to this Section.

If in any judicial proceeding, a party alleges that such statements are necessary to the determination of any issue before the court and written consent to disclosure has not been given, the party may ask the court to consider the relevance and admissibility of the statements. In such a case, the court shall hold a hearing in camera on the relevance of the statements. If the court finds them relevant and admissible to the issue, the court shall order the statements to be disclosed.

(Source: P.A. 86-538.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-802.3)

Sec. 8-802.3. Informant's privilege.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), if an individual (i) submits information concerning a criminal act to a law enforcement agency or to a community organization that acts as an intermediary in reporting to law enforcement and (ii) requests anonymity, then the identity of that individual is privileged and confidential and is not subject to discovery or admissible in evidence in a proceeding.

(b) There is no privilege under subsection (a) if a court, after a hearing in camera, finds that the party seeking discovery or the proponent of the evidence has shown that:

(1) the identity of an individual who submits information concerning a criminal act is sought or offered in a court proceeding involving a felony or misdemeanor;

(2) the evidence is not otherwise available; and

(3) nondisclosure infringes upon a constitutional right of an accused, or there is a need for the evidence that substantially outweighs the interest in protecting confidentiality.

(b-5) Except as provided in this subsection or under subsection (j) of Supreme Court Rule 412, if a defendant's counsel seeks to discover the identity of an informant, then the defendant's counsel shall file a motion with the court alleging a good faith factual basis for believing that the prior representation of the informant creates a serious potential for an actual conflict of interest. Upon such filing, the court: (1) may deny the motion for lack of factual basis; or (2) if it finds a sufficiently alleged factual basis, shall conduct an in camera hearing with the informant, outside the presence of all counsel, to ascertain whether an actual conflict of interest exists. A transcript of the in camera proceeding shall be made and sealed. After the in camera hearing, the court shall: (i) deny the motion if there is no basis to conclude that a serious potential for an actual conflict exists; or (ii) inform the petitioning counsel that his or her continued representation is a conflict. If the court concludes that a conflict exists, it shall notify the counsel of the nature of the conflict, subject to any condition of nondisclosure that the court deems appropriate.

(c) The court may impose such sanctions as are necessary to enforce its order.

(Source: P.A. 101-436, eff. 8-20-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-803) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-803)

Sec. 8-803. Clergy. A clergyman or practitioner of any religious denomination accredited by the religious body to which he or she belongs, shall not be compelled to disclose in any court, or to any administrative board or agency, or to any public officer, a confession or admission made to him or her in his or her professional character or as a spiritual advisor in the course of the discipline enjoined by the rules or practices of such religious body or of the religion which he or she professes, nor be compelled to divulge any information which has been obtained by him or her in such professional character or as such spiritual advisor.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-803.5)

Sec. 8-803.5. Union agent and union member.

(a) Except when required in subsection (b) of this Section, a union agent, during the agency or representative relationship or after termination of the agency or representative relationship with the bargaining unit member, shall not be compelled to disclose, in any court or to any administrative board or agency arbitration or proceeding, whether civil or criminal, any information he or she may have acquired in attending to his or her professional duties or while acting in his or her representative capacity.

(b) A union agent may use or reveal information obtained during the course of fulfilling his or her professional representative duties:

(1) to the extent it appears necessary to prevent the commission of a crime that is likely to result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury or death of another person;

(2) in actions, civil or criminal, against the union agent in his or her personal or official representative capacity, or against the local union or subordinate body thereof or international union or affiliated or subordinate body thereof or any agent thereof in their personal or official representative capacities;

(3) when required by court order; or

(4) when, after full disclosure has been provided, the written or oral consent of the bargaining unit member has been obtained or, if the bargaining unit member is deceased or has been adjudged incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction, the written or oral consent of the bargaining unit member's estate.

(c) In the event of a conflict between the application of this Section and any federal or State labor law to a specific situation, the provisions of the federal or State labor law shall control.

(Source: P.A. 94-22, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-804)

Sec. 8-804. Confidential advisor.

(a) This Section is intended to protect students at higher education institutions in this State who are survivors of sexual violence from public disclosure of communications they make in confidence to confidential advisors. Because of the fear, stigma, and trauma that often result from incidents of sexual violence, many survivors hesitate to report or seek help, even when it is available at no cost to them. As a result, they not only fail to receive needed medical care and emergency counseling, but may lack the psychological support necessary to report the incident of sexual violence to the higher education institution or law enforcement.

(b) In this Section:

"Confidential advisor" means a person who is employed or contracted by a higher education institution to provide emergency and ongoing support to survivors of sexual violence with the training, duties, and responsibilities described in Section 20 of the Preventing Sexual Violence in Higher Education Act.

"Higher education institution" means a public university, a public community college, or an independent, not-for-profit or for-profit higher education institution located in this State.

"Sexual violence" means physical sexual acts attempted or perpetrated against a person's will or when a person is incapable of giving consent, including without limitation rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, sexual abuse, and sexual coercion.

"Survivor" means a student who has experienced sexual violence while enrolled at a higher education institution.

(c) All communications between a confidential advisor and a survivor pertaining to an incident of sexual violence shall remain confidential, unless the survivor consents to the disclosure of the communication in writing, the disclosure falls within one of the exceptions outlined in subsection (d) of this Section, or failure to disclose the communication would violate State or federal law. Communications include all records kept by the confidential advisor in the course of providing the survivor with services related to the incident of sexual violence.

(d) The confidential advisor may disclose confidential communications between the confidential advisor and the survivor if failure to disclose would result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury to or death of the survivor or another person.

The confidential advisor shall have no obligation to report crimes to the higher education institution or law enforcement, except to report to the Title IX coordinator, as defined by Title IX of the federal Education Amendments of 1972, on a monthly basis the number and type of incidents of sexual violence reported exclusively to the confidential advisor in accordance with the higher education institution's reporting requirements under subsection (b) of Section 9.21 of the Board of Higher Education Act and under federal law.

If, in any judicial proceeding, a party alleges that the communications are necessary to the determination of any issue before the court and written consent to disclosure has not been given, the party may ask the court to consider ordering the disclosure of the communications. In such a case, communications may be disclosed if the court finds, after in camera examination of the communication, that the communication is relevant, probative, and not unduly prejudicial or inflammatory or is otherwise clearly admissible; that other evidence is demonstrably unsatisfactory as evidence of the facts sought to be established by the communication or communications; and that disclosure is more important to the interests of substantial justice than protection from injury to the confidential advisor-survivor relationship, to the survivor, or to any other individual whom disclosure is likely to harm.

(e) This privilege shall not preclude an individual from asserting a greater privilege under federal or State law that applies.

(Source: P.A. 99-426, eff. 8-21-15.)

(735 ILCS 5/804.5)

(This Section will be renumbered as Section 8-804.5 in a revisory bill.)

Sec. 804.5. Parties to a restorative justice practice.

(a) This Section is intended to encourage the use of restorative justice practices by providing a privilege for participation in such practices and ensuring that anything said or done during the practice, or in anticipation of or as a follow-up to the practice, is privileged and may not be used in any future proceeding unless the privilege is waived by the informed consent of the party or parties covered by the privilege. The General Assembly affords this privilege in recognition of restorative justice as a powerful tool in addressing the needs of victims, offenders, and the larger community in the process of repairing the fabric of community peace. The General Assembly encourages residents of this State to employ restorative justice practices, not only in justiciable matters, but in all aspects of life and law.

(b) As used in this Section:

"Circle" means a versatile restorative practice that can be used proactively, to develop relationships and build community, or reactively, to respond to wrongdoing, conflicts, and problems.

"Conference" means a structured meeting between offenders, victims, and both parties' family and friends, in which they deal with the consequences of a crime or wrongdoing and decide how best to repair the harm.

"Facilitator" means a person who is trained to facilitate a restorative justice practice.

"Party" means a person, including a facilitator, an individual who has caused harm, an individual who has been harmed, a community member, and any other participant, who voluntarily consents to participate with others who have agreed to participate in a restorative justice practice.

"Proceeding" means any legal action subject to this Code, including, but not limited to, civil, criminal, juvenile, or administrative hearings.

"Restorative justice practice" or "practice" means a gathering, such as a conference or circle, in which parties who have caused harm or who have been harmed and community stakeholders collectively gather to identify and repair harm to the extent possible, address trauma, reduce the likelihood of further harm, and strengthen community ties by focusing on the needs and obligations of all parties involved through a participatory process.

(c) Anything said or done during or in preparation for a restorative justice practice or as a follow-up to that practice, or the fact that the practice has been planned or convened, is privileged and cannot be referred to, used, or admitted in any civil, criminal, juvenile, or administrative proceeding unless the privilege is waived, during the proceeding or in writing, by the party or parties protected by the privilege. Privileged information is not subject to discovery or disclosure in any judicial or extrajudicial proceedings.

Any waiver of privilege is limited to the participation and communication of the waiving party only, and the participation or communications of any other participant remain privileged unless waived by the other participant.

(d) Evidence that is otherwise admissible or subject to discovery does not become inadmissible or protected from discovery solely because it was discussed or used in a restorative justice practice.

(e) The legitimacy of a restorative justice practice, if challenged in any civil, juvenile, criminal, or administrative proceeding, shall be determined by a judge. In a hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the judge may consider information that would otherwise be privileged to the extent that the information is probative of the issue.

(f) The privilege afforded by this Section does not apply if:

(1) disclosure is necessary to prevent death, great bodily harm, or the commission of a crime;

(2) necessary to comply with another law; or

(3) a court, tribunal, or administrative body requires a report on a restorative justice practice, but such report shall be limited to the fact that a practice has taken place, an opinion regarding the success of the practice, and whether further restorative justice practices are expected.

(g) This Section applies to all restorative justice practices that are convened on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 102-100, eff. 7-15-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 9 heading) Part 9. Reporter's Privilege

(735 ILCS 5/8-901) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-901)

Sec. 8-901. Source of information. No court may compel any person to disclose the source of any information obtained by a reporter except as provided in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 84-398.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-902) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-902)

Sec. 8-902. Definitions. As used in this Act:

(a) "Reporter" means any person regularly engaged in the business of collecting, writing or editing news for publication through a news medium on a full-time or part-time basis; and includes any person who was a reporter at the time the information sought was procured or obtained.

(b) "News medium" means any newspaper or other periodical issued at regular intervals whether in print or electronic format and having a general circulation; a news service whether in print or electronic format; a radio station; a television station; a television network; a community antenna television service; and any person or corporation engaged in the making of news reels or other motion picture news for public showing.

(c) "Source" means the person or means from or through which the news or information was obtained.

(Source: P.A. 92-335, eff. 8-10-01.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-903) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-903)

Sec. 8-903. Application to court. (a) In any case, except a libel or slander case, where a person claims the privilege conferred by Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act, the person or party, body or officer seeking the information so privileged may apply in writing to the circuit court serving the county where the hearing, action or proceeding in which the information is sought for an order divesting the person named therein of such privilege and ordering him or her to disclose his or her source of the information.

(b) In libel or slander cases where a person claims the privilege conferred by Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act, the plaintiff may apply in writing to the court for an order divesting the person named therein of such privilege and ordering him or her to disclose his or her source of information.

(Source: P.A. 84-398.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-904) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-904)

Sec. 8-904. Contents of application. The application provided in Section 8-903 of this Act shall allege: the name of the reporter and of the news medium with which he or she was connected at the time the information sought was obtained; the specific information sought and its relevancy to the proceedings; and, either, a specific public interest which would be adversely affected if the factual information sought were not disclosed, or, in libel or slander cases, the necessity of disclosure of the information sought to the proof of plaintiff's case. Additionally, in libel or slander cases, the plaintiff must include in the application provided in Section 8-903 a prima facie showing of falsity of the alleged defamation and actual harm or injury due to the alleged defamation.

(Source: P.A. 84-398.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-905) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-905)

Sec. 8-905. Civil Proceeding. All proceedings in connection with obtaining an adjudication upon the application not otherwise provided in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act shall be as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-906) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-906)

Sec. 8-906. Consideration by court. In granting or denying divestiture of the privilege provided in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act the court shall have due regard to the nature of the proceedings, the merits of the claim or defense, the adequacy of the remedy otherwise available, if any, the relevancy of the source, and the possibility of establishing by other means that which it is alleged the source requested will tend to prove.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-907) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-907)

Sec. 8-907. Court's findings. An order granting divestiture of the privilege provided in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act shall be granted only if the court, after hearing the parties, finds:

(1) that the information sought does not concern matters, or details in any proceeding, required to be kept secret under the laws of this State or of the Federal government; and

(2) that all other available sources of information have been exhausted and, either, disclosure of the information sought is essential to the protection of the public interest involved or, in libel or slander cases, the plaintiff's need for disclosure of the information sought outweighs the public interest in protecting the confidentiality of sources of information used by a reporter as part of the news gathering process under the particular facts and circumstances of each particular case.

If the court enters an order divesting the person of the privilege granted in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act it shall also order the person to disclose the information it has determined should be disclosed, subject to any protective conditions as the court may deem necessary or appropriate.

(Source: P.A. 84-398.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-908) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-908)

Sec. 8-908. Privilege continues during pendency of appeal. In case of an appeal the privilege conferred by Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act remains in full force and effect during the pendency of such appeal.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-909) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-909)

Sec. 8-909. Contempt. A person refusing to testify or otherwise comply with the order to disclose the source of the information as specified in such order, after such order becomes final, may be adjudged in contempt of court and punished accordingly.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 9.1 heading) Part 9.1. Voter's Privilege

(735 ILCS 5/8-910) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-910)

Sec. 8-910. No person shall be compelled to disclose, in any proceeding conducted by a court, commission, administrative agency or other tribunal in the State, the name of any candidate for whose nomination, election or retention in office the person voted, or whether the person voted for or against any question of public policy, as defined in Section 1-3 of The Election Code, at any election held within this State.

(Source: P.A. 84-344.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 9.2 heading) Part 9.2. Interpreter's Privilege

(735 ILCS 5/8-911) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-911)

Sec. 8-911. Language interpreter's privilege.

(a) A "language interpreter" is a person who aids a communication when at least one party to the communication has a language difficulty.

(b) If a communication is otherwise privileged, that underlying privilege is not waived because of the presence of the language interpreter.

(c) The language interpreter shall not disclose the communication without the express consent of the person who has the right to claim the underlying privilege.

(Source: P.A. 95-617, eff. 9-12-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-912)

Sec. 8-912. Interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing's privilege.

(a) An "interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing" is a person who aids communication when at least one party to the communication has a hearing loss.

(b) An interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing who interprets a conversation between a hearing person and a deaf person is deemed a conduit for the conversation and may not disclose or be compelled to disclose by subpoena the contents of the conversation that he or she facilitated without the written consent of all persons involved who received his or her professional services.

(c) All communications that are recognized by law as privileged shall remain privileged even in cases where an interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing is utilized to facilitate such communications.

(d) Communications may be voluntarily disclosed under the following circumstances:

(1) the formal reporting, conferring, or consulting with administrative superiors, colleagues, or consultants who share similar professional responsibility, in which instance all recipients of such information are similarly bound to regard the communication as privileged;

(2) a person waives the privilege by bringing any public charges against an interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing, including a person licensed under the Interpreter for the Deaf Licensure Act of 2007; and

(3) a communication reveals the intended commission of a crime or harmful act and such disclosure is judged necessary by the interpreter for the deaf and hard of hearing to protect any person from a clear, imminent risk of serious mental or physical harm or injury or to forestall a serious threat to public safety.

(e) (Blank).

(Source: P.A. 95-617, eff. 9-12-07; 96-552, eff. 1-1-10.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 10 heading) Part 10. Judicial Notice

(735 ILCS 5/8-1001) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1001)

Sec. 8-1001. Courts of original jurisdiction. Every court of original jurisdiction, in addition to the matters of which courts of original jurisdiction have heretofore been required to take judicial notice, shall take judicial notice of the following:

All general ordinances of every municipal corporation within the State.

All ordinances of every county within the State.

All laws of a public nature enacted by any state or territory of the United States.

All rules of practice in force in the court from which a case has been transferred by change of place of trial or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1002) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1002)

Sec. 8-1002. Courts of appellate jurisdiction. Upon the review by any court of appellate jurisdiction of a judgment or order of a circuit court the court of appellate jurisdiction shall take judicial notice of all matters of which the circuit court was required to take judicial notice, including all rules of practice adopted by the circuit court. In case of the review by the Supreme Court of a judgment or order of the appellate court, the Supreme Court shall take judicial notice of all matters of which the circuit court was required to take judicial notice as well as of the rules of practice adopted by the circuit court, the judgment or order of which has been reviewed by the appellate court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1003) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1003)

Sec. 8-1003. Common law and statutes. Every court of this state shall take judicial notice of the common law and statutes of every state, territory and other jurisdiction of the United States.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1004) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1004)

Sec. 8-1004. Information of the court. The court may inform itself of such laws in such manner as it may deem proper, and the court may call upon counsel to aid it in obtaining such information.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1005) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1005)

Sec. 8-1005. Ruling reviewable. The determination of such laws shall be made by the court and not by the jury, and shall be reviewable.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1006) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1006)

Sec. 8-1006. Evidence as to laws of other jurisdictions. Any party may also present to the trial court any admissible evidence of such laws, but, to enable a party to offer evidence of the law in another jurisdiction or to ask that judicial notice be taken thereof, reasonable notice shall be given to the adverse parties either in the pleadings or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1007) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1007)

Sec. 8-1007. Foreign country. The law of a jurisdiction other than those referred to in Section 8-1003 of this Act shall be an issue for the court, but shall not be subject to the foregoing provisions concerning judicial notice.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1008) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1008)

Sec. 8-1008. Interpretation. Sections 8-1003 through 8-1007 of this Act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1009) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1009)

Sec. 8-1009. Short title of uniform Act. Sections 8-1003 through 8-1008 of this Act may be cited as the Uniform Judicial Notice of Foreign Law Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 11 heading) Part 11. Statutes and Reports

(735 ILCS 5/8-1101) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1101)

Sec. 8-1101. Publications covered by uniform Act. Printed books or pamphlets purporting on their face to be the session or other statutes of any of the United States, or the territories thereof, or of any foreign jurisdiction, and to have been printed and published by the authority of any such state, territory or foreign jurisdiction or proved to be commonly recognized in its courts, shall be received in the courts of this State as prima facie evidence of such statutes.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1102) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1102)

Sec. 8-1102. Uniformity of interpretation. Section 8-1101 of this Act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purposes to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1103) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1103)

Sec. 8-1103. Short title of uniform Act. Sections 8-1101 and 8-1102 of this Act may be cited as the Uniform Proof of Statutes Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1104) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1104)

Sec. 8-1104. Printed statutes. (a) The printed statute books of the United States, and of this State, and of the several states, of the territories and late territories of the United States, purporting to be printed under the authority of the United States, any state or territory, shall be evidence in all courts and places in this State, of the Acts therein contained.

(b) The acts and laws of the territory of Illinois and all of the laws and joint resolutions passed prior to January 1, 1917, at all regular and special sessions of the General Assemblies, printed and published by the State of Illinois, shall be admissible in evidence in all courts and proceedings in this State, and shall be considered as duly authenticated copies of the originals.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1105) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1105)

Sec. 8-1105. Foreign statutes. The laws of the other states and territories, when certified by the Secretary of State of that state or territory, shall be admissible as evidence in any court of this State.

(Source: P.A. 83-520.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1106) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1106)

Sec. 8-1106. Reports of courts. The books of reports of decisions of the supreme court, and other courts of the United States, of this state, and of the several states and the territories thereof, purporting to be published by authority, may be read as evidence of the decisions of such courts.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 12 heading) Part 12. Records and Patents

(735 ILCS 5/8-1201) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1201)

Sec. 8-1201. Printed copies. Printed copies of schedules, classifications and tariffs of rates, fares and charges, and supplements to any such schedules, classifications and tariffs filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission, which show respectively an Interstate Commerce Commission number, which may be stated in abbreviated form, as I.C.C. No. --, and an effective date, shall be presumed to be correct copies of the original schedules, classifications, tariffs and supplements on file with the Interstate Commerce Commission, and shall be received as good and sufficient evidence, without certification, in any court of this State to prove such schedules, classifications, tariffs and supplements.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1202) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1202)

Sec. 8-1202. Court records. The papers, entries and records of courts may be proved by a copy thereof certified under the signature of the clerk having the custody thereof, and the seal of the court, or by the judge of the court if there is no clerk.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1203) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1203)

Sec. 8-1203. Municipal records. The papers, entries, records and ordinances, or parts thereof, of any city, village, town or county, may be proved by a copy thereof, certified under the signature of the clerk or the keeper thereof, and the corporate seal, if there is any; if not, under his or her signature and private seal.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1204) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1204)

Sec. 8-1204. Corporate records. The papers, entries and records of any corporation or incorporated association may be proved by a copy thereof, certified under the signature of the secretary, clerk, cashier or other keeper of the same. If the corporation or incorporated association has a seal, the same shall be affixed to such certificate.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1205) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1205)

Sec. 8-1205. Form of certificate. The certificate of any such clerk of a court, city, village, town, county, or secretary, clerk, cashier, or other keeper of any such papers, entries, records or ordinances, shall contain a statement that such person is the keeper of the same, and if there is no seal, shall so state.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1206) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1206)

Sec. 8-1206. Sworn copies. Any such papers, entries, records and ordinances may be proved by copies examined and sworn to by credible witnesses.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1207) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1207)

Sec. 8-1207. Penalty. If any officer, clerk, secretary, cashier, or other person authorized to certify copies of any papers, entries, records or ordinances, knowingly makes a false certificate, he or she is punishable in the same manner as if he or she were guilty of perjury.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1208) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1208)

Sec. 8-1208. Official certificate - Land office. The official certificate of any register or receiver of any land office of the United States, to any fact or matter on record in his or her office, shall be received in evidence in any court in this State, and shall be competent to prove the fact so certified. The certificate of any such register, of the entry or purchase of any tract of land within his or her district, shall be deemed and taken to be evidence of title in the party who made such entry or purchase, or his or her legatees, heirs or assigns, and shall enable such party, his or her legatees, heirs or assigns, to recover or protect the possession of the land described in such certificate, in any eviction action or action of ejectment, unless a better legal and paramount title be exhibited for the same. The signature of such register or receiver may be proved by a certificate of the Secretary of State, under his or her seal, that such signature is genuine.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1209) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1209)

Sec. 8-1209. Patents for land. A patent for land shall be deemed and considered a better legal and paramount title in the patentee, his or her legatees, heirs or assigns, than the official certificate of any register of a land office of the United States, of the entry or purchase of the same land.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1210) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1210)

Sec. 8-1210. State patents. In all cases where any lands or lots have been or may be sold by this State or any of the officers thereof, under the authority of any law of this State, whereof the patent is issued by the Governor, under the seal of this State, and in case the patent has been or shall purport to be recorded in the recorder's office of the county where the lands or lots are situated, and the patent is lost, or out of the power of the party desiring to use it to produce in evidence, a copy of the record of such patent, certified by the recorder of the county, may be read in evidence in place of the original patent, which copy certified as above stated, shall be prima facie evidence of the issuing of such patent, and of the contents thereof. The provisions of this section shall apply to deeds executed by the trustees of the Illinois and Michigan canal, and to patents for land issued or granted by the United States.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1211) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1211)

Sec. 8-1211. State land sales. Copies of the books and entries of the sale of all lands or lots heretofore or that hereafter may be sold by this State or any of the officers thereof under any law of this State, certified to be true and correct copies of such books and entries by the proper person or officer in whose custody said books and entries may properly be, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated in such books and entries. The certificate of such officer of the purchase of or issuing of a patent for any tract of land sold by this State or any agent of the same, shall be deemed as evidence of title in the party certified to have made such purchase or obtained such patent, his or her legatees, heirs or assigns, unless a better and paramount title is exhibited for the same. The patent for land shall be deemed a better and paramount title in the patentee, his or her legatees, heirs and assigns, than such certificate, and when any swamp and overflowed lands and lots heretofore have been or hereafter may be sold under any law of this State by any proper person or officer of the county in which such lands are located, copies of the books and entries of the sales of such swamp and overflowed lands and lots certified to be true and correct copies of such books and entries by the proper person or officer in whose custody such books and entries may properly be, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated in such books and entries. The certificate of such officer of the sale or entry of any tract or tracts of such swamp and overflowed land or lots and of the execution of a deed for the same, giving the date of such sale or entry, the date of the execution of the deed, the name of the purchaser and description of the land, under the seal of his or her office, may, if the original deed is lost, or it is out of the power of the party wishing to use the same to produce it in evidence, and the original deed has never been recorded, be read in evidence in place of said original deed, and shall be prima facie evidence of the execution and delivery of a proper deed for such land and shall be deemed as evidence of title in the person certified to have made such entry or purchase, his or her legatees, heirs and assigns, until a better and paramount title is exhibited for the same. Whenever it appears that the original deed made upon any entry or sale of such swamp and overflowed lands is lost, or not in the power of the party wishing to use the same to produce in evidence, and the same has never been recorded as above stated and that the books and original entries of sale of such swamp and overflowed lands or lots have also been lost or destroyed, and the clerk of the circuit court or other proper officer has made return of such sales and entries to the State Comptroller according to law, a certified copy of such return by the Comptroller, under his or her seal of office, may be used in evidence with the like force and effect as hereinbefore provided.

(Source: P.A. 86-657.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 13 heading) Part 13. Surveys

(735 ILCS 5/8-1301) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1301)

Sec. 8-1301. Surveys. All testimony that has been or may hereafter be taken by commissions of surveyors for the establishing of original corners of land, shall be filed with their report in court, and may hereafter be read as evidence in all actions in reference to such corners.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 14 heading) Part 14. Interpreters

(735 ILCS 5/8-1401) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1401)

Sec. 8-1401. Language interpreter. Interpreters may be sworn truly to interpret, when necessary.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1402) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1402)

Sec. 8-1402. Accommodation for hearing disability. Whenever any deaf person is a party to any legal proceeding of any nature, or a juror or witness therein, the court in all instances shall appoint a qualified interpreter of the deaf sign-language to interpret the proceedings to and the testimony of such deaf person. In the case of a deaf juror, the interpreter shall be available throughout the actual trial and may accompany and communicate with such juror throughout any period during which the jury is sequestered or engaged in its deliberations. Accommodations shall be made in accordance with the federal Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 so that a qualified individual with a hearing disability may participate as a party, witness, juror, or spectator in any legal proceeding. The court shall determine and allow a reasonable fee for all services provided under this Section which shall be paid out of general county funds.

(Source: P.A. 91-381, eff. 1-1-00.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1403)

Sec. 8-1403. Interpreters for civil cases.

(a) Whenever any person is a party or witness in a civil action in this State, the court shall, upon its own motion or that of a party, determine whether the person is capable of understanding the English language and is capable of expressing himself or herself in the English language so as to be understood directly by counsel, court, or jury. If the court finds the person incapable of so understanding or so expressing himself or herself, the court shall appoint an interpreter for the person whom he or she can understand and who can understand him or her. All appointments for court interpreters in civil matters shall be pursuant to the Illinois Supreme Court Language Access Policy and the judicial circuit's Language Access Plan that is appropriate for the demands and resources specific to the Illinois courts within that particular circuit.

(b) The court shall enter an order of its appointment of the interpreter who shall be sworn to truly interpret or translate all questions propounded or answers given as directed by the court.

(c) As used in this Section, "interpreter" includes a sign language interpreter.

(Source: P.A. 99-133, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 15 heading) Part 15. Proof of Handwriting

(735 ILCS 5/8-1501) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1501)

Sec. 8-1501. Comparison. In all courts of this State it shall be lawful to prove handwriting by comparison made by the witness or jury with writings properly in the files of records of the case, admitted in evidence or treated as genuine or admitted to be genuine, by the party against whom the evidence is offered, or proved to be genuine to the satisfaction of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1502) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1502)

Sec. 8-1502. Notice. Before a standard of writing is admitted in evidence by the court for comparison, such notice thereof as under all circumstances of the case is reasonable shall first be given to the opposite party or his or her attorney.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1503) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1503)

Sec. 8-1503. Opportunity to examine. A reasonable opportunity to examine such proposed standards shall on motion duly made be accorded the opposite party, his or her attorney and witnesses, prior to the introduction in evidence of such standards and the court may, in its discretion, impound the same with the clerk of the court for that purpose.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 16 heading) Part 16. Proof of Deeds and Writings

(735 ILCS 5/8-1601) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1601)

Sec. 8-1601. Execution of deed. Whenever any deed, mortgage, conveyance, release, power of attorney or other writing of, or relating to the sale, conveyance or other disposition of real estate, or any interest therein, or any other instrument in writing not required by law to be attested by a subscribing witness, may be offered in evidence in any action pending in any court of this state, and the same appears to have been so attested, and it becomes necessary to prove the execution of such deed or other writing otherwise than as now provided by law, it shall not be necessary to prove the execution of the same by a subscribing witness to the exclusion of other evidence, but the execution of such instrument may be proved by secondary evidence without producing or accounting for the absence of the subscribing witness or witnesses.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 17 heading) Part 17. Title to Land of Illinois Central Railroad

(735 ILCS 5/8-1701) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1701)

Sec. 8-1701. Commissioner's tract list, map, etc. - evidence. Whenever it becomes necessary, in any judicial proceeding, to prove the title of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, or of the trustees of the railroad company, or of any person claiming title through or under the company or trustees, to any of the lands granted by the State to the railroad company under the provisions of the Act incorporating such company, the record in the proper county (or a transcript of such record, duly certified by the custodian thereof), of the list purporting to contain the tracts of land selected by the railroad company in such county, and purporting to be certified by the commissioner of the general land office as being a true abstract from the original list of selections by the company, shall be sufficient prima facie evidence of title in the railroad company or the trustees thereof, as the case may be, to the lands embraced in such list; and the record in the proper county (or a duly certified copy thereof by the custodian of such record) of the map or profile of the railroad or branches, shall be sufficient prima facie evidence of the line of location of the railroad or its branches in such county.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-1702) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1702)

Sec. 8-1702. Appointment of trustees. A copy of the commission issued by the governor or by the president of the railroad company to any successor of any of the original trustees (or any of their successors) named in the Act of incorporation, certified by the Secretary of State under the great seal of the State, or by the commissioner of the land department of the railroad company or its president, under the common seal of the company, as the case may be, shall be sufficient prima facie evidence of the regular appointment and due authority of the person named as trustee in such commission.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 18 heading) Part 18. Claims Regarding Work on Realty

(735 ILCS 5/8-1801) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1801)

Sec. 8-1801. Presumptive proof. Any work or service on real property or any product incorporated therein to become part of such real property which does not cause injury or property damage within 6 years after such performance, manufacture, assembly, engineering or design, shall be presumptive proof that such work, service or product was performed, manufactured, assembled, engineered or designed with reasonable care by every person doing any of such acts. However, all written guarantees are excluded from this Section.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 19 heading) Part 19. Admission of Liability

(735 ILCS 5/8-1901) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-1901)

Sec. 8-1901. Admission of liability - Effect. The providing of, or payment for, medical, surgical, hospital, or rehabilitation services, facilities, or equipment by or on behalf of any person, or the offer to provide, or pay for, any one or more of the foregoing, shall not be construed as an admission of any liability by such person or persons. Testimony, writings, records, reports or information with respect to the foregoing shall not be admissible in evidence as an admission of any liability in any action of any kind in any court or before any commission, administrative agency, or other tribunal in this State, except at the instance of the person or persons so making any such provision, payment or offer.

(Source: P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 20 heading) Part 20. Inspection of Records

(735 ILCS 5/8-2001) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2001)

Sec. 8-2001. Examination of health care records.

(a) In this Section:

"Health care facility" or "facility" means a public or private hospital, ambulatory surgical treatment center, nursing home, independent practice association, or physician hospital organization, or any other entity where health care services are provided to any person. The term does not include a health care practitioner.

"Health care practitioner" means any health care practitioner, including a physician, dentist, podiatric physician, advanced practice registered nurse, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, physician assistant, clinical psychologist, clinical social worker, therapist, or counselor. The term includes a medical office, health care clinic, health department, group practice, and any other organizational structure for a licensed professional to provide health care services. The term does not include a health care facility.

(b) Every private and public health care facility shall, upon the request of any patient who has been treated in such health care facility, or any person, entity, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative, or as authorized by Section 8-2001.5, permit the patient, his or her health care practitioner, authorized attorney, or any person, entity, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative to examine the health care facility patient care records, including but not limited to the history, bedside notes, charts, pictures and plates, kept in connection with the treatment of such patient, and permit copies of such records to be made by him or her or his or her health care practitioner or authorized attorney.

(c) Every health care practitioner shall, upon the request of any patient who has been treated by the health care practitioner, or any person, entity, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative, permit the patient and the patient's health care practitioner or authorized attorney, or any person, entity, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative, to examine and copy the patient's records, including but not limited to those relating to the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, history, charts, pictures and plates, kept in connection with the treatment of such patient.

(d) A request for copies of the records shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the administrator or manager of such health care facility or to the health care practitioner. The person (including patients, health care practitioners and attorneys) requesting copies of records shall reimburse the facility or the health care practitioner at the time of such copying for all reasonable expenses, including the costs of independent copy service companies, incurred in connection with such copying not to exceed a $20 handling charge for processing the request and the actual postage or shipping charge, if any, plus: (1) for paper copies 75 cents per page for the first through 25th pages, 50 cents per page for the 26th through 50th pages, and 25 cents per page for all pages in excess of 50 (except that the charge shall not exceed $1.25 per page for any copies made from microfiche or microfilm; records retrieved from scanning, digital imaging, electronic information or other digital format do not qualify as microfiche or microfilm retrieval for purposes of calculating charges); and (2) for electronic records, retrieved from a scanning, digital imaging, electronic information or other digital format in an electronic document, a charge of 50% of the per page charge for paper copies under subdivision (d)(1). This per page charge includes the cost of each CD Rom, DVD, or other storage media. Records already maintained in an electronic or digital format shall be provided in an electronic format when so requested. If the records system does not allow for the creation or transmission of an electronic or digital record, then the facility or practitioner shall inform the requester in writing of the reason the records can not be provided electronically. The written explanation may be included with the production of paper copies, if the requester chooses to order paper copies. These rates shall be automatically adjusted as set forth in Section 8-2006. The facility or health care practitioner may, however, charge for the reasonable cost of all duplication of record material or information that cannot routinely be copied or duplicated on a standard commercial photocopy machine such as x-ray films or pictures.

(d-5) The handling fee shall not be collected from the patient or the patient's personal representative who obtains copies of records under Section 8-2001.5.

(e) The requirements of this Section shall be satisfied within 30 days of the receipt of a written request by a patient or by his or her legally authorized representative, health care practitioner, authorized attorney, or any person, entity, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative. If the facility or health care practitioner needs more time to comply with the request, then within 30 days after receiving the request, the facility or health care practitioner must provide the requesting party with a written statement of the reasons for the delay and the date by which the requested information will be provided. In any event, the facility or health care practitioner must provide the requested information no later than 60 days after receiving the request.

(f) A health care facility or health care practitioner must provide the public with at least 30 days prior notice of the closure of the facility or the health care practitioner's practice. The notice must include an explanation of how copies of the facility's records may be accessed by patients. The notice may be given by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the area in which the health care facility or health care practitioner is located.

(g) Failure to comply with the time limit requirement of this Section shall subject the denying party to expenses and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred in connection with any court ordered enforcement of the provisions of this Section.

(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, a health care facility or health care practitioner shall provide without charge one complete copy of a patient's records if the records are being requested by the patient or a person, entity, attorney, registered representative, or organization presenting a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative who has provided documentation of authority to act for the patient, or by such other requester as is authorized by statute if the patient is deceased, for the purpose of supporting a claim for: (1) federal veterans' disability benefits; (2) federal Social Security or Supplemental Security Income benefits, or both, under any title of the Social Security Act; or (3) Aid to the Aged, Blind, or Disabled benefits. Upon request, and if the records are for at least one of the approved purposes, the requester may obtain updated medical records not included in the original medical record free of charge if the request is accompanied by a valid authorization for the release of records signed by the patient, the patient's legally authorized representative who has provided documentation of authority to act for the patient, or such other requester as is authorized by statute if the patient is deceased.

(Source: P.A. 102-183, eff. 1-1-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2001.5)

Sec. 8-2001.5. Authorization for release of a deceased patient's records.

(a) In addition to disclosure allowed under Section 8-802, a deceased person's health care records must be released upon written request of the executor or administrator of the deceased person's estate or to an agent appointed by the deceased under a power of attorney for health care. When no executor, administrator, or agent exists, and the person did not specifically object to disclosure of his or her records in writing, then a deceased person's health care records must be released upon the written request of a person, who is considered to be a personal representative of the patient for the purpose of the release of a deceased patient's health care records, in one of these categories:

(1) the deceased person's surviving spouse; or

(2) if there is no surviving spouse, any one or more of the following: (i) an adult son or daughter of the deceased, (ii) a parent of the deceased, or (iii) an adult brother or sister of the deceased.

(b) Health care facilities and practitioners are authorized to provide a copy of a deceased patient's records based upon a person's payment of the statutory fee and signed "Authorized Relative Certification", attesting to the fact that the person is authorized to receive such records under this Section.

(c) Any person who, in good faith, relies on a copy of an Authorized Relative Certification shall have the same immunities from criminal and civil liability as those who rely on a power of attorney for health care as provided by Illinois law.

(d) Upon request for records of a deceased patient, the named authorized relative shall provide the facility or practitioner with a certified copy of the death certificate and a certification in substantially the following form:

AUTHORIZED RELATIVE CERTIFICATION

I, (insert name of authorized relative), certify that I am an authorized relative of the deceased (insert name of deceased). (A certified copy of the death certificate must be attached.)

I certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief that no executor or administrator has been appointed for the deceased's estate, that no agent was authorized to act for the deceased under a power of attorney for health care, and the deceased has not specifically objected to disclosure in writing.

I certify that I am the surviving spouse of the deceased; or

I certify that there is no surviving spouse and my relationship to the deceased is (circle one):

(1) An adult son or daughter of the deceased.

(2) Either parent of the deceased.

(3) An adult brother or sister of the deceased.

I certify that I am seeking the records as a personal representative who is acting in a representative capacity and who is authorized to seek these records under Section 8-2001.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

This certification is made under penalty of perjury.*

Dated: (insert date)

.................................

(Print Authorized Relative's Name)

.................................

(Authorized Relative's Signature)

.................................

(Authorized Relative's Address)

*(Note: Perjury is defined in Section 32-2 of the Criminal Code of 2012, and is a Class 3 felony.)

(Source: P.A. 97-623, eff. 11-23-11; 97-867, eff. 7-30-12; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2002) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2002)

Sec. 8-2002. Application.

(a) Part 20 of Article VIII of this Act does not apply to the records of patients, inmates, or persons being examined, observed or treated in any institution, division, program or service now existing, or hereafter acquired or created under the jurisdiction of the Department of Human Services as successor to the Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities and the Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse, or over which, in that capacity, the Department of Human Services exercises executive or administrative supervision.

(b) In the event of a conflict between the application of Part 20 of Article VIII of this Act and the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act or subsection (bb) of Section 30-5 of the Substance Use Disorder Act to a specific situation, the provisions of the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act or subsection (bb) of Section 30-5 of the Substance Use Disorder Act shall control. The provisions of federal law concerning the confidentiality of alcohol and drug abuse patient records, as contained in Title 21 of the United States Code, Section 1175; Title 42 of the United States Code, Section 4582; 42 CFR Part 2; and any other regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, all as now or hereafter amended, shall supersede all other laws and regulations concerning such confidentiality, except where any such otherwise applicable laws or regulations are more stringent, in which case the most stringent shall apply.

(Source: P.A. 100-759, eff. 1-1-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2003)

Sec. 8-2003. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 93-87, eff. 7-2-03. Repealed by P.A. 95-478, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2004) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2004)

Sec. 8-2004. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 92-228, eff. 9-1-01. Repealed by P.A. 93-87, eff. 7-2-03.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2005)

Sec. 8-2005. Attorney's records. This Section applies only if a client and his or her authorized attorney have complied with all applicable legal requirements regarding examination and copying of client files, including but not limited to satisfaction of expenses and attorney retaining liens.

Upon the request of a client, an attorney shall permit the client's authorized attorney to examine and copy the records kept by the attorney in connection with the representation of the client, with the exception of attorney work product. The request for examination and copying of the records shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the attorney. Within a reasonable time after the attorney receives the written request, the attorney shall comply with the written request at his or her office or any other place designated by him or her. At the time of copying, the person requesting the records shall reimburse the attorney for all reasonable expenses, including the costs of independent copy service companies, incurred by the attorney in connection with the copying not to exceed a $20 handling charge for processing the request, and the actual postage or shipping charges, if any, plus (1) for paper copies 75 cents per page for the first through 25th pages, 50 cents per page for the 26th through 50th pages, and 25 cents per page for all pages in excess of 50 (except that the charge shall not exceed $1.25 per page for any copies made from microfiche or microfilm; records retrieved from scanning, digital imaging, electronic information or other digital format do not qualify as microfiche or microfilm retrieval for purposes of calculating charges); and (2) for electronic records, retrieved from a scanning, digital imaging, electronic information or other digital format in an electronic document, a charge of 50% of the per page charge for paper copies under subdivision (d)(1). This per page charge includes the cost of each CD Rom, DVD, or other storage media. Records already maintained in an electronic or digital format shall be provided in an electronic format when so requested. If the records system does not allow for the creation or transmission of an electronic or digital record, then the attorney shall inform the requester in writing of the reason the records cannot be provided electronically. The written explanation may be included with the production of paper copies, if the requester chooses to order paper copies. These rates shall be automatically adjusted as set forth in Section 8-2006. The attorney may, however, charge for the reasonable cost of all duplication of record material or information that cannot routinely be copied or duplicated on a standard commercial photocopy machine such as pictures.

An attorney shall satisfy the requirements of this Section within 60 days after he or she receives a request from a client or his or her authorized attorney. An attorney who fails to comply with the time limit requirement of this Section shall be required to pay expenses and reasonable attorney's fees incurred in connection with any court-ordered enforcement of the requirements of this Section.

(Source: P.A. 98-756, eff. 7-16-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2006)

Sec. 8-2006. Copying fees; adjustment for inflation. Beginning in 2003, every January 20, the copying fee limits established in Sections 8-2001 and 8-2005 shall automatically be increased or decreased, as applicable, by a percentage equal to the percentage change in the consumer price index-u during the preceding 12-month calendar year. "Consumer price index-u" means the index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor that measures the average change in prices of goods and services purchased by all urban consumers, United States city average, all items, 1982-84 = 100. The new amount resulting from each annual adjustment shall be determined by the Comptroller and made available to the public via the Comptroller's official website by January 31 of every year.

(Source: P.A. 94-982, eff. 6-30-06; 95-478, eff. 1-1-08 (changed from 8-27-07 by P.A. 95-480).)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 21 heading) Part 21. Medical Studies

(735 ILCS 5/8-2101) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2101)

Sec. 8-2101. Information obtained. All information, interviews, reports, statements, memoranda, recommendations, letters of reference or other third party confidential assessments of a health care practitioner's professional competence, or other data of the Illinois Department of Public Health, local health departments, the Department of Human Services (as successor to the Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities), the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Medical Review Board, Illinois State Medical Society, allied medical societies, health maintenance organizations, medical organizations under contract with health maintenance organizations or with insurance or other health care delivery entities or facilities, tissue banks, organ procurement agencies, physician-owned insurance companies and their agents, committees of ambulatory surgical treatment centers or post-surgical recovery centers or their medical staffs, or committees of licensed or accredited hospitals or their medical staffs, including Patient Care Audit Committees, Medical Care Evaluation Committees, Utilization Review Committees, Credential Committees and Executive Committees, or their designees (but not the medical records pertaining to the patient), used in the course of internal quality control or of medical study for the purpose of reducing morbidity or mortality, or for improving patient care or increasing organ and tissue donation, shall be privileged, strictly confidential and shall be used only for medical research, increasing organ and tissue donation, the evaluation and improvement of quality care, or granting, limiting or revoking staff privileges or agreements for services, except that in any health maintenance organization proceeding to decide upon a physician's services or any hospital or ambulatory surgical treatment center proceeding to decide upon a physician's staff privileges, or in any judicial review of either, the claim of confidentiality shall not be invoked to deny such physician access to or use of data upon which such a decision was based.

(Source: P.A. 92-644, eff. 1-1-03.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2102) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2102)

Sec. 8-2102. Admissibility as evidence. Such information, records, reports, statements, notes, memoranda, or other data, shall not be admissible as evidence, nor discoverable in any action of any kind in any court or before any tribunal, board, agency or person. The disclosure of any such information or data, whether proper, or improper, shall not waive or have any effect upon its confidentiality, nondiscoverability, or nonadmissability.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2103) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2103)

Sec. 8-2103. Furnishing information. The furnishing of such information in the course of a research project to the Illinois Department of Public Health, Illinois State Medical Society, allied medical societies or to in-hospital staff committees or their authorized representatives, shall not subject any person, hospital, sanitarium, nursing or rest home or any such agency to any action for damages or other relief.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2104) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2104)

Sec. 8-2104. Interviews. No patient, patient's relatives, or patient's friends named in any medical study, shall be interviewed for the purpose of such study unless consent of the attending physician and surgeon is first obtained.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2105) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2105)

Sec. 8-2105. Improper disclosure. The disclosure of any information, records, reports, statements, notes, memoranda or other data obtained in any such medical study except that necessary for the purpose of the specific study is unlawful, and any person convicted of violating any of the provisions of Part 21 of Article VIII of this Act is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 22 heading) Part 22. Coroner's records

(735 ILCS 5/8-2201) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2201)

Sec. 8-2201. Admissibility of coroner's records. In actions or proceedings for the recovery of damages arising from or growing out of injuries caused by the negligence of any person, firm or corporation resulting in the death of any person or for the collection of a policy of insurance, neither the coroner's verdict returned upon the inquisition, nor a copy thereof, shall be admissible as evidence to prove or establish any of the facts in controversy in such action or proceeding.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 23 heading) Part 23. Perpetuating Testimony

(735 ILCS 5/8-2301) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2301)

Sec. 8-2301. Perpetuation of testimony. Any person may take the deposition of a witness to perpetuate the remembrance of any fact, matter or thing, relating to the boundaries or improvements of land, the name or former name of water course, the name or former name of any portion or district of the county, the ancient customs, laws or usages of the inhabitants of any part of this country, as far as they may pertain to the future settlement of land claims or the marriage or pedigree of any person, any other matter or thing necessary to the security of any estate, or to any private right by filing a petition supported by affidavit in the circuit court of the proper county. The petition shall set forth, briefly and substantially, the petitioner's interest, claim or title in or to the subject concerning which the petitioner desires to perpetuate evidence, the fact intended to be established, the names of all other persons interested or supposed to be interested therein, whether there are any persons interested therein whose names are unknown to the petitioner (who shall be designated as unknown owners), and the name of the witness proposed to be examined. Except as in this Section otherwise provided, the procedure for the giving of notice to interested persons, including unknown owners, and the manner of taking the deposition shall be that provided by the rules of the Supreme Court now or hereafter in effect for the taking of depositions for the perpetuation of testimony. A deposition taken under this Section may be used as evidence in any case in the same manner and subject to the same conditions and objections as if it had originally been taken in that case. The deposition is admissible against parties notified as unknown owners to the same extent as it is against other notified parties.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 24 heading) Part 24. Application to Criminal Cases

(735 ILCS 5/8-2401) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2401)

Sec. 8-2401. Application to criminal cases. The provisions of Article VIII of this Act shall apply to criminal cases, unless expressly provided otherwise or unless such construction would be inconsistent with the manifest intention of the context.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 25 heading) Part 25. Expert Witness Standards

(735 ILCS 5/8-2501) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2501)

Sec. 8-2501. Expert Witness Standards. In any case in which the standard of care given by a medical profession is at issue, the court shall apply the following standards to determine if a witness qualifies as an expert witness and can testify on the issue of the appropriate standard of care.

(a) Relationship of the medical specialties of the witness to the medical problem or problems and the type of treatment administered in the case;

(b) Whether the witness has devoted a substantial portion of his or her time to the practice of medicine, teaching or University based research in relation to the medical care and type of treatment at issue which gave rise to the medical problem of which the plaintiff complains;

(c) Whether the witness is licensed in the same profession as the defendant; and

(d) Whether, in the case against a nonspecialist, the witness can demonstrate a sufficient familiarity with the standard of care practiced in this State.

(Source: P.A. 97-1145, eff. 1-18-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 26 heading) Part 26. Minors

(735 ILCS 5/8-2601) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-2601)

Sec. 8-2601. (a) An out-of-court statement made by a child under the age of 13 describing any act of child abuse or any conduct involving an unlawful sexual act performed in the presence of, with, by, or on the declarant child, or testimony by such of an out-of-court statement made by such child that he or she complained of such acts to another, is admissible in any civil proceeding, if: (1) the court conducts a hearing outside the presence of the jury and finds that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement provide sufficient safeguards of reliability; and (2) the child either: (i) testifies at the proceeding; or (ii) is unavailable as a witness and there is corroborative evidence of the act which is the subject of the statement.

(b) If a statement is admitted pursuant to this Section, the court shall instruct the jury that it is for the jury to determine the weight and credibility to be given to the statement and that, in making its determination, it shall consider the age and maturity of the child, the nature of the statement, the circumstances under which the statement was made, and any other relevant factors.

(c) The proponent of the statement shall give the adverse party reasonable notice of an intention to offer the statement and the particulars of the statement.

(Source: P.A. 85-1440.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 27 heading) Part 27. Elder Adults

(735 ILCS 5/8-2701)

Sec. 8-2701. Admissibility of evidence; out of court statements; elder abuse.

(a) An out of court statement made by an eligible adult, as defined in the Adult Protective Services Act, who has been diagnosed by a physician to suffer from (i) any form of dementia, developmental disability, or other form of mental incapacity or (ii) any physical infirmity which prevents the eligible adult's appearance in court, describing any act of elder abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation, or testimony by an eligible adult of an out of court statement made by the eligible adult that he or she complained of such acts to another, is admissible in any civil proceeding, if:

(1) the court conducts a hearing outside the presence of the jury and finds that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement provide sufficient safeguards of reliability; and

(2) the eligible adult either:

(A) testifies at the proceeding; or

(B) is unavailable as a witness and there is corroborative evidence of the act which is the subject of the statement.

(b) If a statement is admitted pursuant to this Section, the court shall instruct the jury that it is for the jury to determine the weight and credibility to be given to the statement and that, in making its determination, it shall consider the condition of the eligible adult, the nature of the statement, the circumstances under which the statement was made, and any other relevant factors.

(c) The proponent of the statement shall give the adverse party reasonable notice of an intention to offer the statement and the particulars of the statement.

(Source: P.A. 98-49, eff. 7-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 28 heading) Part 28. Prior Sexual Activity or Reputation as Evidence (Source: P.A. 96-307, eff. 1-1-10.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2801)

Sec. 8-2801. Admissibility of evidence; prior sexual activity or reputation.

(a) Evidence generally inadmissible. The following evidence is not admissible in any civil proceeding except as provided in subsections (b) and (c):

(1) evidence offered to prove that any victim engaged in other sexual behavior; or

(2) evidence offered to prove any victim's sexual predisposition.

(b) Exceptions.

(1) In a civil case, the following evidence is admissible, if otherwise admissible under this Act:

(A) evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the victim offered to prove that a person other than the accused was the source of semen, injury, or other physical evidence; and

(B) evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the victim with respect to the person accused of the sexual misconduct offered by the accused to prove consent by the victim.

(c) Procedure to determine admissibility.

(1) A party intending to offer evidence under subsection (b) must:

(A) file a written motion at least 14 days before trial specifically describing the evidence and stating the purpose for which it is offered unless the court, for good cause requires a different time for filing or permits filing during trial; and

(B) serve the motion on all parties and notify the victim or, when appropriate, the victim's guardian or representative.

(2) Before admitting evidence under this Section the court must conduct a hearing in camera and afford the victim and parties a right to attend and be heard. The motion, related papers, and the record of the hearing must be sealed and remain under seal unless the court orders otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 96-307, eff. 1-1-10.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 29 heading) Part 29. Immigration Status (Source: P.A. 101-550, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/8-2901)

Sec. 8-2901. Admissibility of evidence; immigration status.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), evidence related to a person's immigration status is not admissible in any civil proceeding.

(b) Evidence otherwise inadmissible under this Act is admissible if:

(1) it is essential to prove an element of a claim or an affirmative defense;

(2) it is offered to prove an interest or bias of a witness, if it does not cause confusion of the issues or mislead the trier of fact, and the probative value of the evidence outweighs its prejudicial nature; or

(3) a person or his or her attorney voluntarily reveals his or her immigration status to the court.

(c) A party intending to offer evidence relating to a person's immigration status shall file a written motion at least 14 days before a hearing or a trial specifically describing the evidence and stating the purpose for which it is offered. A court, for good cause, may require a different time for filing or permit filing during trial.

Upon receipt of the motion and notice to all parties, the court shall conduct an in camera hearing, with counsel present, limited to review of the probative value of the person's immigration status to the case. If the court finds that the evidence relating to a person's immigration status meets the criteria set forth in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b), the court shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the permitted use of the evidence.

The motion, related papers, and the record of the hearing shall be sealed and remain under seal unless the court orders otherwise.

(d) A person may not, with the intent to deter any person or witness from testifying freely, fully, and truthfully to any matter before trial or in any court or before a grand jury, administrative agency, or any other State or local governmental unit, threaten to or actually disclose, directly or indirectly, a person's or witness's immigration status to any entity or any immigration or law enforcement agency. A person who violates this subsection commits a Class C misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 101-550, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IX heading) ARTICLE IX EVICTION (Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IX Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. In General

(735 ILCS 5/9-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-101)

Sec. 9-101. Forcible entry prohibited. No person shall make an entry into lands or tenements except in cases where entry is allowed by law, and in such cases he or she shall not enter with force, but in a peaceable manner.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-102)

Sec. 9-102. When action may be maintained.

(a) The person entitled to the possession of lands or tenements may be restored thereto under any of the following circumstances:

(1) When a forcible entry is made thereon.

(2) When a peaceable entry is made and the possession unlawfully withheld.

(3) When entry is made into vacant or unoccupied lands or tenements without right or title.

(4) When any lessee of the lands or tenements, or any person holding under such lessee, holds possession without right after the termination of the lease or tenancy by its own limitation, condition or terms, or by notice to quit or otherwise.

(5) When a vendee having obtained possession under a written or verbal agreement to purchase lands or tenements, and having failed to comply with the agreement, withholds possession thereof, after demand in writing by the person entitled to such possession; however, any agreement for residential real estate entered into on or after July 1, 1987 that is an installment sales contract, as defined in the Installment Sales Contract Act, and the amount unpaid under the terms of the contract at the time of the filing of the foreclosure complaint, including principal and due and unpaid interest, at the rate prior to default, is less than 80% of the original purchase price of the real estate as stated in the contract, as required under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of Section 15-1106 of the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law, is subject to foreclosure.

This amendatory Act of 1993 is declarative of existing law.

(6) When lands or tenements have been conveyed by any grantor in possession, or sold under the order or judgment of any court in this State, or by virtue of any sale in any mortgage or deed of trust contained and the grantor in possession or party to such order or judgment or to such mortgage or deed of trust, after the expiration of the time of redemption, when redemption is allowed by law, refuses or neglects to surrender possession thereof, after demand in writing by the person entitled thereto, or his or her agent.

(7) When any property is subject to the provisions of the Condominium Property Act, the owner of a unit fails or refuses to pay when due his or her proportionate share of the common expenses of such property, or of any other expenses lawfully agreed upon or any unpaid fine, the Board of Managers or its agents have served the demand set forth in Section 9-104.1 of this Article in the manner provided for in that Section and the unit owner has failed to pay the amount claimed within the time prescribed in the demand; or if the lessor-owner of a unit fails to comply with the leasing requirements prescribed by subsection (n) of Section 18 of the Condominium Property Act or by the declaration, by-laws, and rules and regulations of the condominium, or if a lessee of an owner is in breach of any covenants, rules, regulations, or by-laws of the condominium, and the Board of Managers or its agents have served the demand set forth in Section 9-104.2 of this Article in the manner provided in that Section.

(8) When any property is subject to the provisions of a declaration establishing a common interest community and requiring the unit owner to pay regular or special assessments for the maintenance or repair of common areas owned in common by all of the owners of the common interest community or by the community association and maintained for the use of the unit owners or of any other expenses of the association lawfully agreed upon, and the unit owner fails or refuses to pay when due his or her proportionate share of such assessments or expenses and the board or its agents have served the demand set forth in Section 9-104.1 of this Article in the manner provided for in that Section and the unit owner has failed to pay the amount claimed within the time prescribed in the demand.

(b) The provisions of paragraph (8) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 and Section 9-104.3 of this Act shall not apply to any common interest community unless (1) the association is a not-for-profit corporation or a limited liability company, (2) unit owners are authorized to attend meetings of the board of directors or board of managers of the association in the same manner as provided for condominiums under the Condominium Property Act, and (3) the board of managers or board of directors of the common interest community association has, subsequent to the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1984 voted to have the provisions of this Article apply to such association and has delivered or mailed notice of such action to the unit owners or unless the declaration of the association is recorded after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1985.

(c) For purposes of this Article:

(1) "Common interest community" means real estate other than a condominium or cooperative with respect to which any person by virtue of his or her ownership of a partial interest or unit therein is obligated to pay for maintenance, improvement, insurance premiums, or real estate taxes of other real estate described in a declaration which is administered by an association.

(2) "Declaration" means any duly recorded instruments, however designated, that have created a common interest community and any duly recorded amendments to those instruments.

(3) "Unit" means a physical portion of the common interest community designated by separate ownership or occupancy by boundaries which are described in a declaration.

(4) "Unit owners' association" or "association" means the association of all owners of units in the common interest community acting pursuant to the declaration.

(d) If the board of a common interest community elects to have the provisions of this Article apply to such association or the declaration of the association is recorded after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1985, the provisions of subsections (c) through (h) of Section 18.5 of the Condominium Property Act applicable to a Master Association and condominium unit subject to such association under subsections (c) through (h) of Section 18.5 shall be applicable to the community associations and to its unit owners.

(Source: P.A. 102-71, eff. 7-9-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-103)

Sec. 9-103. Mobile home site. The rental of land upon which a mobile home is placed or the rental of a mobile home and the land on which it is placed, for more than 30 days, shall be construed as a lease of real property. However, nothing in this Section shall be construed to affect the classification of mobile homes as real or personal property for purposes of taxation.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-104)

Sec. 9-104. Demand - Notice - Return. The demand required by Section 9-102 of this Act may be made by delivering a copy thereof to the tenant, or by leaving such a copy with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards, residing on, or being in charge of, the premises; or in case no one is in the actual possession of the premises, then by posting the same on the premises; or if those in possession are unknown occupants who are not parties to any written lease, rental agreement, or right to possession agreement for the premises, then by delivering a copy of the notice, directed to "unknown occupants", to the occupant or by leaving a copy of the notice with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards occupying the premises, or by posting a copy of the notice on the premises directed to "unknown occupants". When such demand is made by an officer authorized to serve process, his or her return is prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated, and if such demand is made by any person not an officer, the return may be sworn to by the person serving the same, and is then prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated. The demand for possession may be in the following form:

To ....

I hereby demand immediate possession of the following described premises: (describing the same.)

The demand shall be signed by the person claiming such possession, his or her agent, or attorney.

(Source: P.A. 92-823, eff. 8-21-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-104.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-104.1)

Sec. 9-104.1. Demand; notice; return; condominium and contract purchasers.

(a) In case there is a contract for the purchase of such lands or tenements or in case of condominium property, the demand shall give the purchaser under such contract, or to the condominium unit owner, as the case may be, at least 30 days to satisfy the terms of the demand before an action is filed. In case of a condominium unit, the demand shall set forth the amount claimed which must be paid within the time prescribed in the demand and the time period or periods when the amounts were originally due, unless the demand is for compliance with Section 18(n) of the Condominium Property Act, in which case the demand shall set forth the nature of the lease and memorandum of lease or the leasing requirement not satisfied. The amount claimed shall include regular or special assessments, late charges or interest for delinquent assessments, and attorneys' fees claimed for services incurred prior to the demand. Attorneys' fees claimed by condominium associations in the demand shall be subject to review by the courts in any eviction proceeding under subsection (b) of Section 9-111 of this Act. The demand shall be signed by the person claiming such possession, his or her agent, or attorney.

(b) In the case of a condominium unit, the demand is not invalidated by partial payment of amounts due if the payments do not, at the end of the notice period, total the amounts demanded in the notice for common expenses, unpaid fines, interest, late charges, reasonable attorney fees incurred prior to the initiation of any court action and costs of collection. The person claiming possession, or his or her agent or attorney, may, however, agree in writing to withdraw the demand in exchange for receiving partial payment. To prevent invalidation, the notice must prominently state:

"Only FULL PAYMENT of all amounts demanded in this notice will invalidate the demand, unless the person claiming possession, or his or her agent or attorney, agrees in writing to withdraw the demand in exchange for receiving partial payment."

(c) The demand set forth in subsection (a) of this Section shall be served either personally upon such purchaser or condominium unit owner or by sending the demand thereof by registered or certified mail with return receipt requested to the last known address of such purchaser or condominium unit owner or in case no one is in the actual possession of the premises, then by posting the same on the premises. When such demand is made by an officer authorized to serve process, his or her return is prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated and if such demand is made by any person not an officer, the return may be sworn to by the person serving the same, and is then prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated. To be effective service under this Section, a demand sent by certified or registered mail to the last known address need not be received by the purchaser or condominium unit owner. No other demand shall be required as a prerequisite to filing an action under paragraph (7) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 of this Act. Service of the demand by registered or certified mail shall be deemed effective upon deposit in the United States mail with proper postage prepaid and addressed as provided in this subsection.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-104.2) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-104.2)

Sec. 9-104.2. Condominiums: demand, notice, termination of lease, and eviction.

(a) Unless the Board of Managers is seeking to evict a tenant or other occupant of a unit under an existing lease or other arrangement with the owner of a unit, no demand nor summons need be served upon the tenant or other occupant in connection with an action brought under paragraph (7) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 of this Article.

(a-5) The Board of Managers may seek to evict a tenant or other occupant of a unit under an existing lease or other arrangement between the tenant or other occupant and the defaulting owner of a unit, either within the same action against the unit owner under paragraph (7) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 of this Article or independently thereafter under other paragraphs of that subsection. If a tenant or other occupant of a unit is joined within the same action against the defaulting unit owner under paragraph (7), only the unit owner and not the tenant or other occupant need to be served with 30 days prior written notice as provided in this Article. The tenant or other occupant may be joined as additional defendants at the time the suit is filed or at any time thereafter prior to execution of the eviction order by filing, with or without prior leave of the court, an amended complaint and summons for trial. If the complaint alleges that the unit is occupied or may be occupied by persons other than or in addition to the unit owner of record, that the identities of the persons are concealed and unknown, they may be named and joined as defendant "Unknown Occupants". Summons may be served on the defendant "Unknown Occupants" by the sheriff or court appointed process server by leaving a copy at the unit with any person residing at the unit of the age of 13 years or greater, and if the summons is returned without service stating that service cannot be obtained, constructive service may be obtained pursuant to Section 9-107 of this Code with notice mailed to "Unknown Occupants" at the address of the unit. If prior to execution of the eviction order the identity of a defendant or defendants served in this manner is discovered, his or her name or names and the record may be corrected upon hearing pursuant to notice of motion served upon the identified defendant or defendants at the unit in the manner provided by court rule for service of notice of motion. If, however, an action under paragraph (7) was brought against the defaulting unit owner only, and after obtaining an eviction order and expiration of the stay on enforcement the Board of Managers elects not to accept a tenant or occupant in possession as its own and to commence a separate action, written notice of the eviction order against the unit owner and demand to quit the premises shall be served on the tenant or other occupant in the manner provided under Section 9-211 at least 10 days prior to bringing suit to evict the tenant or other occupant.

(b) If an eviction order is granted to the Board of Managers under Section 9-111, any interest of the unit owner to receive rents under any lease arrangement shall be deemed assigned to the Board of Managers until such time as the judgment is vacated.

(c) If an eviction order is entered, the Board of Managers may obtain from the clerk of the court an informational certificate notifying any tenants not parties to the proceeding of the assignment of the unit owner's interest in the lease arrangement to the Board of Managers as a result of the entry of the eviction order and stating that any rent hereinafter due the unit owner or his agent under the lease arrangement should be paid to the Board of Managers until further order of court. If the tenant pays his rent to the association pursuant to the entry of such an eviction order, the unit owner may not sue said tenant for any such amounts the tenant pays the association. Upon service of the certificate on the tenant in the manner provided by Section 9-211 of this Code, the tenant shall be obligated to pay the rent under the lease arrangement to the Board of Managers as it becomes due. If the tenant thereafter fails and refuses to pay the rent, the Board of Managers may bring an eviction action after making a demand for rent in accordance with Section 9-209 of this Code.

(c-5) In an action against the unit owner and lessee to evict a lessee for failure of the lessor/owner of the condominium unit to comply with the leasing requirements prescribed by subsection (n) of Section 18 of the Condominium Property Act or by the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations of the condominium, or against a lessee for any other breach by the lessee of any covenants, rules, regulations, or bylaws of the condominium, the demand shall give the lessee at least 10 days to quit and vacate the unit. The notice shall be substantially in the following form:

"TO A.B. You are hereby notified that in consequence of (here insert lessor-owner name) failure to comply with the leasing requirements prescribed by Section 18(n) of the Condominium Property Act or by the declaration, bylaws, and rules and regulations of the condominium, or your default of any covenants, rules, regulations or bylaws of the condominium, in (here insert the character of the default) of the premises now occupied by you, being (here described the premises) the Board of Managers of (here describe the condominium) Association elects to terminate your lease, and you are hereby notified to quit and vacate same within 10 days of this date.".

The demand shall be signed by the Board of Managers, its agent, or attorney and shall be served either personally upon the lessee with a copy to the unit owner or by sending the demand thereof by registered or certified mail with return receipt requested to the unit occupied by the lessee and to the last known address of the unit owner, and no other demand of termination of such tenancy shall be required. To be effective service under this Section, a demand sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the unit occupied by the lessee and to the last known address of the unit owner need not be received by the lessee or condominium unit owner.

(d) Nothing in this Section 9-104.2 is intended to confer upon a Board of Managers any greater authority with respect to possession of a unit after a judgment than was previously established by this Act.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-104.3) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-104.3)

Sec. 9-104.3. Applicability of Article. All common interest community associations electing pursuant to paragraph (8) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 to have this Article made applicable to such association shall follow the same procedures and have the same rights and responsibilities as condominium associations under this Article.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-105)

Sec. 9-105. Growing crops. In case of forfeiture under contract of purchase, the purchaser shall be entitled to cultivate and gather the crops, if any, planted by him or her and grown or growing on the premises at the time of the filing of the action, and shall have the right to enter for the purpose of removing such crops, first paying or tendering to the party entitled to the possession a reasonable compensation for such use of the land before removing such crops.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-106)

Sec. 9-106. Pleadings and evidence. On complaint by the party or parties entitled to the possession of such premises being filed in the circuit court for the county where such premises are situated, stating that such party is entitled to the possession of such premises (describing the same with reasonable certainty), and that the defendant (naming the defendant) unlawfully withholds the possession thereof from him, her or them, the clerk of the court shall issue a summons.

The defendant may under a general denial of the allegations of the complaint offer in evidence any matter in defense of the action. Except as otherwise provided in Section 9-120, no matters not germane to the distinctive purpose of the proceeding shall be introduced by joinder, counterclaim or otherwise. However, a claim for rent may be joined in the complaint, and judgment may be entered for the amount of rent found due.

(Source: P.A. 90-360, eff. 1-1-98.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-106.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-106.1)

Sec. 9-106.1. Action for condominium assessments not barred or waived by acceptance of assessments for time periods not covered by demand.

An action brought under paragraph (7) of subsection (a) of Section 9-102 of this Act is neither barred nor waived by the action of a Board of Managers in accepting payments from a unit owner for his or her proportionate share of the common expenses or of any other expenses lawfully agreed upon for any time period other than that covered by the demand.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-106.2)

Sec. 9-106.2. Affirmative defense for violence; barring persons from property.

(a) It shall be an affirmative defense to an action maintained under this Article IX if the court makes one of the following findings that the demand for possession is:

(1) based solely on the tenant's, lessee's, or household member's status as a victim of domestic violence or sexual violence as those terms are defined in Section 10 of the Safe Homes Act, stalking as that term is defined in the Criminal Code of 2012, or dating violence;

(2) based solely upon an incident of actual or threatened domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual violence against a tenant, lessee, or household member;

(3) based solely upon criminal activity directly relating to domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual violence engaged in by a member of a tenant's or lessee's household or any guest or other person under the tenant's, lessee's, or household member's control, and against the tenant, lessee, or household member; or

(4) based upon a demand for possession pursuant to subsection (f) where the tenant, lessee, or household member who was the victim of domestic violence, sexual violence, stalking, or dating violence did not knowingly consent to the barred person entering the premises or a valid court order permitted the barred person's entry onto the premises.

(b) When asserting the affirmative defense, at least one form of the following types of evidence shall be provided to support the affirmative defense: medical, court, or police records documenting the violence or a statement from an employee of a victim service organization or from a medical professional from whom the tenant, lessee, or household member has sought services.

(c) Nothing in subsection (a) shall prevent the landlord from seeking possession solely against a tenant, household member, or lessee of the premises who perpetrated the violence referred to in subsection (a).

(d) Nothing in subsection (a) shall prevent the landlord from seeking possession against the entire household, including the tenant, lessee, or household member who is a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual violence if the tenant, lessee, or household member's continued tenancy would pose an actual and imminent threat to other tenants, lessees, household members, the landlord or their agents at the property.

(e) Nothing in subsection (a) shall prevent the landlord from seeking possession against the tenant, lessee, or household member who is a victim of domestic violence, dating violence, stalking, or sexual violence if that tenant, lessee, or household member has committed the criminal activity on which the demand for possession is based.

(f) A landlord shall have the power to bar the presence of a person from the premises owned by the landlord who is not a tenant or lessee or who is not a member of the tenant's or lessee's household. A landlord bars a person from the premises by providing written notice to the tenant or lessee that the person is no longer allowed on the premises. That notice shall state that if the tenant invites the barred person onto any portion of the premises, then the landlord may treat this as a breach of the lease, whether or not this provision is contained in the lease. Subject to paragraph (4) of subsection (a), the landlord may evict the tenant.

(g) Further, a landlord may give notice to a person that the person is barred from the premises owned by the landlord. A person has received notice from the landlord within the meaning of this subsection if he has been notified personally, either orally or in writing including a valid court order as defined by subsection (7) of Section 112A-3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 granting remedy (2) of subsection (b) of Section 112A-14 of that Code, or if a printed or written notice forbidding such entry has been conspicuously posted or exhibited at the main entrance to such land or the forbidden part thereof. Any person entering the landlord's premises after such notice has been given shall be guilty of criminal trespass to real property as set forth in Section 21-3 of the Criminal Code of 2012. After notice has been given, an invitation to the person to enter the premises shall be void if made by a tenant, lessee, or member of the tenant's or lessee's household and shall not constitute a valid invitation to come upon the premises or a defense to a criminal trespass to real property.

(Source: P.A. 96-1188, eff. 7-22-10; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-106.3)

Sec. 9-106.3. Affirmative defenses for retaliation on the basis of immigration status.

(a) It is an affirmative defense to an action maintained under this Article if the court finds that:

(1) the landlord's demand for possession is based solely or in part on the citizenship or immigration status of the tenant; or

(2) the landlord's demand for possession is based solely or in part on the tenant's failure to provide a social security number, information required to obtain a consumer credit report, or a form of identification deemed acceptable by the landlord, and the lease with the tenant has commenced, and the tenant has taken possession.

(b) This Section does not prohibit a landlord from complying with any legal obligation under federal, State, or local law, including, but not limited to, any legal obligation under any government program that provides for rent limitations or rental assistance to a qualified tenant or a subpoena, warrant, or other court order.

(c) This Section does not prohibit a landlord from requesting information or documentation necessary to determine or verify the financial qualifications of a prospective tenant.

(d) This Section does not prohibit a landlord from delivering to the tenant an oral or written notice regarding conduct by the tenant that violates, may violate, or has violated an applicable rental agreement, including the lease or any rule, regulation, or law.

(e) This Section does not enlarge or diminish a landlord's right to terminate a tenancy pursuant to existing State or local law, nor does this Section enlarge or diminish the ability of a unit of local government to regulate or enforce a prohibition against a landlord's harassment of a tenant.

(Source: P.A. 101-439, eff. 8-21-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-107)

Sec. 9-107. Constructive service. If the plaintiff, his or her agent, or attorney files an eviction action, with or without joinder of a claim for rent in the complaint, and is unable to obtain personal service on the defendant or unknown occupant and a summons duly issued in such action is returned without service stating that service can not be obtained, then the plaintiff, his or her agent or attorney may file an affidavit stating that the defendant or unknown occupant is not a resident of this State, or has departed from this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State so that process cannot be served upon him or her, and also stating the place of residence of the defendant or unknown occupant, if known, or if not known, that upon diligent inquiry the affiant has not been able to ascertain the defendant's or unknown occupant's place of residence, then in all such eviction cases whether or not a claim for rent is joined with the complaint for possession, the defendant or unknown occupant may be notified by posting and mailing of notices; or by publication and mailing, as provided for in Section 2-206 of this Act. However, in cases where the defendant or unknown occupant is notified by posting and mailing of notices or by publication and mailing, and the defendant or unknown occupant does not appear generally, the court may rule only on the portion of the complaint which seeks an eviction order, and the court shall not enter judgment as to any rent claim joined in the complaint or enter personal judgment for any amount owed by a unit owner for his or her proportionate share of the common expenses, however, an in rem judgment may be entered against the unit for the amount of common expenses due, any other expenses lawfully agreed upon or the amount of any unpaid fine, together with reasonable attorney fees, if any, and costs. The claim for rent may remain pending until such time as the defendant or unknown occupant appears generally or is served with summons, but the eviction order shall be final, enforceable and appealable if the court makes an express written finding that there is no just reason for delaying enforcement or appeal, as provided by Supreme Court rule of this State.

Such notice shall be in the name of the clerk of the court, be directed to the defendant or unknown occupant, shall state the nature of the cause against the defendant or unknown occupant and at whose instance issued and the time and place for trial, and shall also state that unless the defendant or unknown occupant appears at the time and place fixed for trial, judgment will be entered by default, and shall specify the character of the judgment that will be entered in such cause. The sheriff shall post 3 copies of the notice in 3 public places in the neighborhood of the court where the cause is to be tried, at least 10 days prior to the day set for the appearance, and, if the place of residence of the defendant or unknown occupant is stated in any affidavit on file, shall at the same time mail one copy of the notice addressed to such defendant or unknown occupant at such place of residence shown in such affidavit. On or before the day set for the appearance, the sheriff shall file the notice with an endorsement thereon stating the time when and places where the sheriff posted and to whom and at what address he or she mailed copies as required by this Section. For want of sufficient notice any cause may be continued from time to time until the court has jurisdiction of the defendant or unknown occupant.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-107.5)

Sec. 9-107.5. Notice to unknown occupants.

(a) Service of process upon an unknown occupant may be had by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint naming "unknown occupants" to the tenant or any unknown occupant or person of the age of 13 or upwards occupying the premises.

(b) If unknown occupants are not named in the initial summons and complaint and an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff is entered, but the order does not include unknown occupants and the sheriff determines when executing the eviction order that persons not included in the order are in possession of the premises, then the sheriff shall leave with a person of the age of 13 years or upwards occupying the premises, a copy of the order, or if no one is present in the premises to accept the order or refuses to accept the order, then by posting a copy of the order on the premises. In addition to leaving a copy of the order or posting of the order, the sheriff shall also leave or post a notice addressed to "unknown occupants" that states unless any unknown occupants file a written petition with the clerk that sets forth the unknown occupant's legal claim for possession within 7 days of the date the notice is posted or left with any unknown occupant, the unknown occupants shall be evicted from the premises. If any unknown occupants file such a petition, a hearing on the merits of the unknown occupant's petition shall be held by the court within 7 days of the filing of the petition with the clerk. The unknown occupants shall have the burden of proof in establishing a legal right to continued possession.

(c) The plaintiff may obtain an eviction order only and not for rent as to any unknown occupants.

(d) Nothing in this Section may be construed so as to vest any rights to persons who are criminal trespassers, nor may this Section be construed in any way that interferes with the ability of law enforcement officials removing persons or property from the premises when there is a criminal trespass.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-107.10)

Sec. 9-107.10. Military personnel in military service; eviction action.

(a) In this Section:

"Military service" means any full-time training or duty, no matter how described under federal or State law, for which a service member is ordered to report by the President, Governor of a state, commonwealth, or territory of the United States, or other appropriate military authority.

"Service member" means a resident of Illinois who is a member of any component of the U.S. Armed Forces or the National Guard of any state, the District of Columbia, a commonwealth, or a territory of the United States.

(b) In a residential eviction action, including eviction of a tenant who is a resident of a mobile home park, who is a service member that has entered military service, or of any member of the tenant's family who resides with the tenant, if the tenant entered into the rental agreement on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly, the court may, on its own motion, and shall, upon motion made by or on behalf of the tenant, do either of the following if the tenant's ability to pay the agreed rent is materially affected by the tenant's military service:

(1) Stay the proceedings for a period of 90 days, unless, in the opinion of the court, justice and equity require a longer or shorter period of time.

(2) Adjust the obligation under the rental agreement to preserve the interest of all parties to it.

(c) In order to be eligible for the benefits granted to service members under this Section, a service member or a member of the service member's family who resides with the service member must provide the landlord or mobile home park operator with a copy of the orders calling the service member to military service in excess of 29 consecutive days and of any orders further extending the period of service.

(d) If a stay is granted under this Section, the court may grant the landlord or mobile home park operator such relief as equity may require.

(e) A violation of this Section constitutes a civil rights violation under the Illinois Human Rights Act. All proceeds from the collection of any civil penalty imposed pursuant to the Illinois Human Rights Act under this subsection shall be deposited into the Illinois Military Family Relief Fund.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-108)

Sec. 9-108. Jury trial. In any case relating to premises used for residence purposes, either party may demand trial by jury, notwithstanding any waiver of jury trial contained in any lease or contract.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-109)

Sec. 9-109. Trial ex parte. If the defendant does not appear, having been duly summoned as herein provided the trial may proceed ex parte, and may be tried by the court, without a jury.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-109.5)

Sec. 9-109.5. Standard of proof. After a trial, if the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the allegations in the complaint have been proven, the court shall enter an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-109.6)

Sec. 9-109.6. Residential eviction order; form. A standardized residential eviction order form, as determined by the Supreme Court, shall be used statewide.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-109.7)

Sec. 9-109.7. Stay of enforcement; drug related action. An eviction order entered in an action brought by a lessor or lessor's assignee, if the action was brought as a result of a lessor or lessor's assignee declaring a lease void pursuant to Section 11 of the Controlled Substance and Cannabis Nuisance Act, may not be stayed for any period in excess of 7 days by the court. Thereafter the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately. The sheriff or other lawfully deputized officers shall execute an order entered pursuant to this Section within 7 days of its entry, or within 7 days of the expiration of a stay of judgment, if one is entered.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-110)

Sec. 9-110. Judgment for whole premises - Stay of enforcement. If it appears on the trial that the plaintiff is entitled to the possession of the whole of the premises claimed, judgment for the possession thereof and for costs shall be entered in favor of the plaintiff. However, if the action is brought under Article IX of this Code and is based upon a breach of a contract entered into on or after July 1, 1962 for the purchase of such premises, the court, by order, may stay the enforcement of the judgment for a period not to exceed 60 days from the date of the judgment, or if the court finds that the amount unpaid on the contract is less than 75% of the original purchase price, then the court shall stay the enforcement of the judgment for a period of 180 days from the date of the judgment. The court may order a stay of less than 180 days (but in no event less than 60 days) if it is shown that the plaintiff, prior to the filing of the action under Article IX of this Act, granted the defendant previous extensions of time to pay the amounts due under the contract, or for other good cause shown. If during such period of stay the defendant pays the entire amount then due and payable under the terms of the contract other than such portion of the principal balance due under the contract as would not be due had no default occurred and costs and, if the contract provides therefor, reasonable attorney's fees as fixed by the court, and cures all other defaults then existing, the contract shall remain in force the same as if no default had occurred. The relief granted to a defendant by this Section shall not be exhausted by a single use thereof but shall not be again available with respect to the same contract for a period of 5 years from the date of such judgment. Whenever defendant cures the default under the contract pursuant to this Section, the defendant may within the period of stay file a motion to vacate the judgment in the court in which the judgment was entered, and, if the court, upon the hearing of such motion, is satisfied that such default has been cured, such judgment shall be vacated. Unless defendant files such motion to vacate in the court or the judgment is otherwise stayed, enforcement of the judgment may proceed immediately upon the expiration of such period of stay and all rights of the defendant in and to the premises and in and to the real estate described in the contract are terminated.

Nothing herein contained shall be construed as affecting the right of a seller of such premises to any lawful remedy or relief other than that provided by Part 1 of Article IX of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-111)

Sec. 9-111. Condominium property.

(a) As to property subject to the provisions of the "Condominium Property Act", approved June 20, 1963, as amended, when the action is based upon the failure of an owner of a unit therein to pay when due his or her proportionate share of the common expenses of the property, or of any other expenses lawfully agreed upon or the amount of any unpaid fine, and if the court finds that the expenses or fines are due to the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall be entitled to the possession of the whole of the premises claimed, and the court shall enter an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff and judgment for the amount found due by the court including interest and late charges, if any, together with reasonable attorney's fees, if any, and for the plaintiff's costs. The awarding of reasonable attorney's fees shall be pursuant to the standards set forth in subsection (b) of this Section 9-111. The court shall, by order, stay the enforcement of the eviction order for a period of not less than 60 days from the date of the judgment and may stay the enforcement of the order for a period not to exceed 180 days from such date. Any judgment for money or any rent assignment under subsection (b) of Section 9-104.2 is not subject to this stay. The eviction order is not subject to an exemption of homestead under Part 9 of Article XII of this Code. If at any time, either during or after the period of stay, the defendant pays such expenses found due by the court, and costs, and reasonable attorney's fees as fixed by the court, and the defendant is not in arrears on his or her share of the common expenses for the period subsequent to that covered by the order, the defendant may file a motion to vacate the order in the court in which the order was entered, and, if the court, upon the hearing of such motion, is satisfied that the default in payment of the proportionate share of expenses has been cured, and if the court finds that the premises are not presently let by the board of managers as provided in Section 9-111.1 of this Act, the order shall be vacated. If the premises are being let by the board of managers as provided in Section 9-111.1 of this Act, when any order is sought to be vacated, the court shall vacate the order effective concurrent with the expiration of the lease term. Unless defendant files such motion to vacate in the court or the order is otherwise stayed, enforcement of the order may proceed immediately upon the expiration of the period of stay and all rights of the defendant to possession of his or her unit shall cease and determine until the date that the order may thereafter be vacated in accordance with the foregoing provisions, and notwithstanding payment of the amount of any money judgment if the unit owner or occupant is in arrears for the period after the date of entry of the order as provided in this Section. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as affecting the right of the board of managers, or its agents, to any lawful remedy or relief other than that provided by Part 1 of this Article.

This amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly is intended as a clarification of existing law and not as a new enactment.

(b) For purposes of determining reasonable attorney's fees under subsection (a), the court shall consider:

(i) the time expended by the attorney;

(ii) the reasonableness of the hourly rate for the work performed;

(iii) the reasonableness of the amount of time expended for the work performed; and

(iv) the amount in controversy and the nature of the action.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-111.1)

Sec. 9-111.1. Lease to bona fide tenant. Upon the entry of an eviction order in favor of a board of managers under the Condominium Property Act, as provided in Section 9-111 of this Act, and upon delivery of possession of the premises by the sheriff or other authorized official to the board of managers pursuant to execution upon the order, the board of managers shall have the right and authority, incidental to the right of possession of a unit under the order, but not the obligation, to lease the unit to a bona fide tenant (whether the tenant is in occupancy or not) pursuant to a written lease for a term which may commence at any time within 8 months after the month in which the date of expiration of the stay of the order occurs. The term may not exceed 13 months from the date of commencement of the lease. The court may, upon motion of the board of managers and with notice to the evicted unit owner, permit or extend a lease for one or more additional terms not to exceed 13 months per term. The board of managers shall first apply all rental income to assessments and other charges sued upon in the eviction action plus statutory interest on a monetary judgment, if any, attorneys' fees, and court costs incurred; and then to other expenses lawfully agreed upon (including late charges), any fines and reasonable expenses necessary to make the unit rentable, and lastly to assessments accrued thereafter until assessments are current. Any surplus shall be remitted to the unit owner. The court shall retain jurisdiction to determine the reasonableness of the expense of making the unit rentable.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-112)

Sec. 9-112. Judgment for part of premises. If it shall appear that the plaintiff is entitled to the possession of only a part of the premises claimed, the judgment shall be entered for that part only and for costs, and for the residue defendant shall be dismissed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-113)

Sec. 9-113. Joinder of several tenants. Whenever there is one lease for the whole of certain premises, and the actual possession thereof, at the time of the filing of the action, is divided in severalty among persons with, or other than the lessee, in one or more portions or parcels, separately or severally held or occupied, all or so many of such persons, with the lessee, as the plaintiff may elect, may be joined as defendants in one action, and the recovery against them, with costs, shall be several, according as their actual holdings are judicially determined.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-114)

Sec. 9-114. Judgment against plaintiff. If the plaintiff voluntarily dismisses the action, or fails to prove the plaintiff's right to the possession, judgment for costs shall be entered in favor of the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-115)

Sec. 9-115. Dismissal as to part. The plaintiff may at any time dismiss his or her action as to any one or more of the defendants, and the jury or court may find any one or more of the defendants liable, and the others not liable, and the court shall thereupon enter judgment according to such finding.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-116)

Sec. 9-116. Pending appeal. If the plaintiff appeals, then, during and notwithstanding the pendency of such appeal, the plaintiff is entitled to enforce, or accept from the defendant or from any person claiming under him or her, performance of all obligations imposed upon such defendant by the terms of any lease, contract, covenant or agreement under which the defendant claims the right to possession, or by law, as if such appeal has not been taken, without thereby affecting the appeal or the judgment appealed from, and without thereby creating or reinstating any tenancy or other relationship of the parties. However, if the result of the prosecution of such appeal and entry of final judgment is that the defendant was obligated to the plaintiff during the pendency thereof in a different form, manner or amount than that in which any payment or payments made under the provision of this Section was or were enforced or accepted, or in a different form, manner or amount than that adjudged in any judgment entered by any court in any other proceedings instituted by virtue of the provisions of this Section during the pendency of the appeal, such payment or payments shall be deemed to have been made to apply in the form, manner and amount resulting or arising from the prosecution of such appeal, on account of the defendant's obligation.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-117)

Sec. 9-117. Expiration of order. No eviction order obtained in an action brought under this Article may be enforced more than 120 days after the order is entered, unless upon motion by the plaintiff the court grants an extension of the period of enforcement of the order. Plaintiff's notice of motion shall contain the following notice directed to the defendant:

"The plaintiff in this case, (insert name), obtained an eviction judgment against you on (insert date), but the sheriff did not evict you within the 120 days that the plaintiff has to evict after a judgment in court. On the date stated in this notice, the plaintiff will be asking the court to allow the sheriff to evict you based on that judgment. You must attend the court hearing if you want the court to stop the plaintiff from having you evicted. To prevent the eviction, you must be able to prove that (1) the plaintiff and you made an agreement after the judgment (for instance, to pay up back rent or to comply with the lease) and you have lived up to the agreement; or (2) the reason the plaintiff brought the original eviction case has been resolved or forgiven, and the eviction the plaintiff now wants the court to grant is based on a new or different reason; or (3) that you have another legal or equitable reason why the court should not grant the plaintiff's request for your eviction."

The court shall grant the motion for the extension of the eviction order unless the defendant establishes that the tenancy has been reinstated, that the breach upon which the order was issued has been cured or waived, that the plaintiff and defendant entered into a post-judgment agreement whose terms the defendant has performed, or that other legal or equitable grounds exist that bar enforcement of the order. This Section does not apply to any action based upon a breach of a contract entered into on or after July 1, 1962, for the purchase of premises in which the court has entered a stay under Section 9-110; nor shall this Section apply to any action to which the provisions of Section 9-111 apply; nor shall this Section affect the rights of Boards of Managers under Section 9-104.2.

(Source: P.A. 99-753, eff. 1-1-17; 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-118)

Sec. 9-118. Emergency housing eviction proceedings.

(a) As used in this Section:

"Cannabis" has the meaning ascribed to that term in the Cannabis Control Act.

"Narcotics" and "controlled substance" have the meanings ascribed to those terms in the Illinois Controlled Substances Act.

(b) This Section applies only if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The complaint seeks possession of premises that are owned or managed by a housing authority established under the Housing Authorities Act or privately owned and managed.

(2) The verified complaint alleges that there is direct evidence of any of the following:

(A) unlawful possessing, serving, storing, manufacturing, cultivating, delivering, using, selling, giving away, or trafficking in cannabis, methamphetamine, narcotics, or controlled substances within or upon the premises by or with the knowledge and consent of, or in concert with the person or persons named in the complaint; or

(B) the possession, use, sale, or delivery of a firearm which is otherwise prohibited by State law within or upon the premises by or with the knowledge and consent of, or in concert with, the person or persons named in the complaint; or

(C) murder, attempted murder, kidnapping, attempted kidnapping, arson, attempted arson, aggravated battery, criminal sexual assault, attempted criminal sexual assault, aggravated criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, or criminal sexual abuse within or upon the premises by or with the knowledge and consent of, or in concert with, the person or persons named in the complaint.

(3) Notice by verified complaint setting forth the relevant facts, and a demand for possession of the type specified in Section 9-104 is served on the tenant or occupant of the premises at least 14 days before a hearing on the complaint is held, and proof of service of the complaint is submitted by the plaintiff to the court.

(b-5) In all actions brought under this Section 9-118, no predicate notice of termination or demand for possession shall be required to initiate an eviction action.

(c) When a complaint has been filed under this Section, a hearing on the complaint shall be scheduled on any day after the expiration of 14 days following the filing of the complaint. The summons shall advise the defendant that a hearing on the complaint shall be held at the specified date and time, and that the defendant should be prepared to present any evidence on his or her behalf at that time.

If a plaintiff which is a public housing authority accepts rent from the defendant after an action is initiated under this Section, the acceptance of rent shall not be a cause for dismissal of the complaint.

(d) If the defendant does not appear at the hearing, an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff shall be entered by default. If the defendant appears, a trial shall be held immediately as is prescribed in other eviction proceedings. The matter shall not be continued beyond 7 days from the date set for the first hearing on the complaint except by agreement of both the plaintiff and the defendant. After a trial, if the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the allegations in the complaint have been proven, the court shall enter an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff and the court shall order that the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately.

(d-5) If cannabis, methamphetamine, narcotics, or controlled substances are found or used anywhere in the premises, there is a rebuttable presumption either (1) that the cannabis, methamphetamine, narcotics, or controlled substances were used or possessed by a tenant or occupant or (2) that a tenant or occupant permitted the premises to be used for that use or possession, and knew or should have reasonably known that the substance was used or possessed.

(e) An eviction order entered under this Section may not be stayed for any period in excess of 7 days by the court. Thereafter the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately. The sheriff or other lawfully deputized officers shall give priority to service and execution of orders entered under this Section over other possession orders.

(f) This Section shall not be construed to prohibit the use or possession of cannabis, methamphetamine, narcotics, or a controlled substance that has been legally obtained in accordance with a valid prescription for the personal use of a lawful occupant of a dwelling unit.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-119)

Sec. 9-119. Emergency subsidized housing eviction proceedings.

(a) As used in this Section:

"FmHA" means the Farmers Home Administration or a local housing authority administering an FmHA program.

"HUD" means the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, or the Federal Housing Administration or a local housing authority administering a HUD program.

"Section 8 contract" means a contract with HUD or FmHA which provides rent subsidies entered into pursuant to Section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 or the Section 8 Existing Housing Program (24 C.F.R. Part 882).

"Subsidized housing" means:

(1) any housing or unit of housing subject to a Section 8 contract;

(2) any housing or unit of housing owned, operated, or managed by a housing authority established under the Housing Authorities Act; or

(3) any housing or unit of housing financed by a loan or mortgage held by the Illinois Housing Development Authority, a local housing authority, or the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") that is:

(i) insured or held by HUD under Section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act and assisted under Section 101 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 or Section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937;

(ii) insured or held by HUD and bears interest at a rate determined under the proviso of Section 221(d)(3) of the National Housing Act;

(iii) insured, assisted, or held by HUD under Section 202 or 236 of the National Housing Act;

(iv) insured or held by HUD under Section 514 or 515 of the Housing Act of 1949;

(v) insured or held by HUD under the United States Housing Act of 1937; or

(vi) held by HUD and formerly insured under a program listed in subdivision (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v).

(b) This Section applies only if all of the following conditions are met:

(1) The verified complaint seeks possession of premises that are subsidized housing as defined under this Section.

(2) The verified complaint alleges that there is direct evidence of refusal by the tenant to allow the landlord or agent of the landlord or other person authorized by State or federal law or regulations or local ordinance to inspect the premises, provided that all of the following conditions have been met:

(A) on 2 separate occasions within a 30 day period the tenant, or another person on the premises with the consent of the tenant, refuses to allow the landlord or agent of the landlord or other person authorized by State or federal law or regulations or local ordinance to inspect the premises;

(B) the landlord then sends written notice to the tenant stating that (i) the tenant, or a person on the premises with the consent of the tenant, failed twice within a 30 day period to allow the landlord or agent of the landlord or other person authorized by State or federal law or regulations or local ordinance to inspect the premises and (ii) the tenant must allow the landlord or agent of the landlord or other person authorized by State or federal law or regulations or local ordinance to inspect the premises within the next 30 days or face emergency eviction proceedings under this Section;

(C) the tenant subsequently fails to allow the landlord or agent of the landlord or other person authorized by State or federal law or regulations or local ordinance to inspect the premises within 30 days of receiving the notice from the landlord; and

(D) the tenant's written lease states that the occurrence of the events described in items (A), (B), and (C) may result in eviction.

(3) Notice, by verified complaint setting forth the relevant facts, and a demand for possession of the type specified in Section 9-104 is served on the tenant or occupant of the premises at least 14 days before a hearing on the complaint is held, and proof of service of the complaint is submitted by the plaintiff to the court.

(c) When a complaint has been filed under this Section, a hearing on the complaint shall be scheduled on any day after the expiration of 14 days following the filing of the complaint. The summons shall advise the defendant that a hearing on the complaint shall be held at the specified date and time, and that the defendant should be prepared to present any evidence on his or her behalf at that time.

(d) If the defendant does not appear at the hearing, an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff shall be entered by default. If the defendant appears, a trial shall be held immediately as is prescribed in other eviction proceedings. The matter shall not be continued beyond 7 days from the date set for the first hearing on the complaint except by agreement of both the plaintiff and the defendant. After a trial, if the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the allegations in the complaint have been proven, the court shall enter an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff and the court shall order that the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately.

(e) An eviction order entered under this Section may not be stayed for any period in excess of 7 days by the court. Thereafter the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately. The sheriff or other lawfully deputized officers shall give priority to service and execution of orders entered under this Section over other possession orders.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-120)

Sec. 9-120. Leased premises used in furtherance of a criminal offense; lease void at option of lessor or assignee.

(a) If any lessee or occupant, on one or more occasions, uses or permits the use of leased premises for the commission of any act that would constitute a felony or a Class A misdemeanor under the laws of this State, the lease or rental agreement shall, at the option of the lessor or the lessor's assignee become void, and the owner or lessor shall be entitled to recover possession of the leased premises as against a tenant holding over after the expiration of his or her term. A written lease shall notify the lessee that if any lessee or occupant, on one or more occasions, uses or permits the use of the leased premises for the commission of a felony or Class A misdemeanor under the laws of this State, the lessor shall have the right to void the lease and recover the leased premises. Failure to include this language in a written lease or the use of an oral lease shall not waive or impair the rights of the lessor or lessor's assignee under this Section or the lease. This Section shall not be construed so as to diminish the rights of a lessor, if any, to terminate a lease for other reasons permitted under law or pursuant to the lease agreement.

(b) The owner or lessor may bring an eviction action, or, if the State's Attorney of the county in which the real property is located or the corporation counsel of the municipality in which the real property is located agrees, assign to that State's Attorney or corporation counsel the right to bring an eviction action on behalf of the owner or lessor, against the lessee and all occupants of the leased premises. The assignment must be in writing on a form prepared by the State's Attorney of the county in which the real property is located or the corporation counsel of the municipality in which the real property is located, as applicable. If the owner or lessor assigns the right to bring an eviction action, the assignment shall be limited to those rights and duties up to and including delivery of the order of eviction to the sheriff for execution. The owner or lessor shall remain liable for the cost of the eviction whether or not the right to bring the eviction action has been assigned.

(c) A person does not forfeit any part of his or her security deposit due solely to an eviction under the provisions of this Section, except that a security deposit may be used to pay fees charged by the sheriff for carrying out an eviction.

(d) If a lessor or the lessor's assignee voids a lease or contract under the provisions of this Section and the tenant or occupant has not vacated the premises within 5 days after receipt of a written notice to vacate the premises, the lessor or lessor's assignee may seek relief under this Article IX. Notwithstanding Sections 9-112, 9-113, and 9-114 of this Code, judgment for costs against a plaintiff seeking possession of the premises under this Section shall not be awarded to the defendant unless the action was brought by the plaintiff in bad faith. An action to possess premises under this Section shall not be deemed to be in bad faith when the plaintiff based his or her cause of action on information provided to him or her by a law enforcement agency, the State's Attorney, or the municipality.

(e) After a trial, if the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the allegations in the complaint have been proven, the court shall enter an eviction order in favor of the plaintiff and the court shall order that the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately.

(f) An eviction order entered in an action brought by a lessor or lessor's assignee, if the action was brought as a result of a lessor or lessor's assignee declaring a lease void pursuant to this Section, may not be stayed for any period in excess of 7 days by the court unless all parties agree to a longer period. Thereafter the plaintiff shall be entitled to re-enter the premises immediately. The sheriff or other lawfully deputized officers shall execute an order entered pursuant to this Section within 7 days of its entry, or within 7 days of the expiration of a stay of judgment, if one is entered.

(g) Nothing in this Section shall limit the rights of an owner or lessor to bring an eviction action on the basis of other applicable law.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-121)

Sec. 9-121. Sealing of court file.

(a) Definition. As used in this Section, "court file" means the court file created when an eviction action is filed with the court.

(b) Discretionary sealing of court file. The court may order that a court file in an eviction action be placed under seal if the court finds that the plaintiff's action is sufficiently without a basis in fact or law, which may include a lack of jurisdiction, that placing the court file under seal is clearly in the interests of justice, and that those interests are not outweighed by the public's interest in knowing about the record.

(c) Mandatory sealing of court file. The court file relating to an eviction action brought against a tenant under Section 9-207.5 of this Code or as set forth in subdivision (h)(6) of Section 15-1701 of this Code shall be placed under seal.

(d) This Section is operative on and after August 1, 2022.

(Source: P.A. 102-5, eff. 5-17-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-121.5)

Sec. 9-121.5. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 102-5, eff. 5-17-21. Repealed internally, eff. 8-1-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-122)

Sec. 9-122. COVID-19 emergency sealing of court file.

(a) As used in this Section, "COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period" means the period beginning on March 9, 2020, when the Governor issued the first disaster proclamation for the State to address the circumstances related to COVID-19, and ending on March 31, 2022.

(b) The court file shall be sealed upon the commencement of any residential eviction action during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period. If a residential eviction action filed during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period is pending on the effective date of this Act and is not sealed, the court shall order the sealing of the court file. In accordance with Section 9-121.5, no sealed court file, sealed under this Section, shall be disseminated.

(c) If the court enters a judgment in favor of the landlord, the court may also enter an order to unseal the court file under this Section. A court shall order the court file to be unsealed if:

(1) the action is not based in whole or in part on the nonpayment of rent during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period; and

(2) The requirements of subsection (b) or (c) of Section 9-121.5 have not been met.

(d) Subsections (d) through (h) of Section 9-121.5 shall also be applicable and incorporated into this Section.

(Source: P.A. 102-5, eff. 5-17-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IX Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Recovery of Rent; Termination of Certain Tenancies

(735 ILCS 5/9-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-201)

Sec. 9-201. Recovery of rent. The owner of lands, his or her executors or administrators, may sue for and recover rent therefor, or a fair and reasonable satisfaction for the use and occupation thereof, by a civil action in any of the following instances:

1. When rent is due and in arrears on a lease for life or lives.

2. When lands are held and occupied by any person without any special agreement for rent.

3. When possession is obtained under an agreement, written or verbal, for the purchase of the premises, and before a deed is given the right to possession is terminated by forfeiture or non-compliance with the agreement, and possession is wrongfully refused or neglected to be given upon demand, made in writing, by the party entitled thereto. All payments made by the vendee, or his or her representatives or assigns, may be set off against such rent.

4. When land has been sold upon a judgment of court, when the party to such judgment or person holding under him or her, wrongfully refuses or neglects to surrender possession of the same, after demand, in writing, by the person entitled to the possession.

5. When the lands have been sold upon a mortgage or trust deed, and the mortgagor or grantor, or person holding under him or her, wrongfully refuses or neglects to surrender possession of the same, after demand, in writing, by the person entitled to the possession.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-202) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-202)

Sec. 9-202. Wilfully holding over. If any tenant or any person who is in or comes into possession of any lands, tenements or hereditaments, by, from or under, or by collusion with the tenant, wilfully holds over any lands, tenements or hereditaments, after the expiration of his or her term or terms, and after demand made in writing, for the possession thereof, by his or her landlord, or the person to whom the remainder or reversion of such lands, tenements or hereditaments belongs, the person so holding over, shall, for the time the landlord or rightful owner is so kept out of possession, pay to the person so kept out of possession, or his or her legal representatives, at the rate of double the yearly value of the lands, tenements or hereditaments so detained to be recovered by a civil action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-203) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-203)

Sec. 9-203. Holding over after notice. If any tenant gives notice of his or her intention to quit the premises which are held by him or her, at a time mentioned in such notice, at which time the tenant would have a right to quit by the lease, and does not accordingly deliver up possession thereof, such tenant shall pay to the landlord or lessor double the rent or sum which would otherwise be due, to be collected in the same manner as the rent otherwise due should have been collected.

(Source: P.A. 82-783.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-204) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-204)

Sec. 9-204. Rent in arrears - Re-entry. In all cases between landlord and tenant, where one-half year's rent is in arrears and unpaid, and the landlord or lessor to whom such rent is due has the right by law to re-enter for non-payment thereof, such landlord or lessor may, without any formal demand or re-entry, commence an action of ejectment for the recovery of the demised premises. In case judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff in the action of ejectment before the rent in arrearage and costs of the action are paid, then the lease of the lands shall cease and be determined, unless the lessee shall by appeal reverse the judgment, or by petition filed within 6 months after the entry of such judgment, obtain relief from the same. However, any tenant may, at any time before final judgment on the ejectment, pay or tender to the landlord or lessor of the premises the amount of rent in arrears and costs of the action, whereupon the action of ejectment shall be dismissed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-205) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-205)

Sec. 9-205. Notice to terminate tenancy from year to year. Except as provided in Section 9-206 and Section 9-207.5 of this Act, in all cases of tenancy from year to year, 60 days' notice, in writing, shall be sufficient to terminate the tenancy at the end of the year. The notice may be given at any time within 4 months preceding the last 60 days of the year.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-206) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-206)

Sec. 9-206. Notice to terminate tenancy of farm land. Subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Landlord and Tenant Act, in order to terminate tenancies from year to year of farm lands, occupied on a crop share, livestock share, cash rent or other rental basis, the notice to quit shall be given in writing not less than 4 months prior to the end of the year of letting. Such notice may not be waived in a verbal lease. The notice to quit may be substantially in the following form:

To A.B.: You are hereby notified that I have elected to terminate your lease of the farm premises now occupied by you, being (here describe the premises) and you are hereby further notified to quit and deliver up possession of the same to me at the end of the lease year, the last day of such year being (here insert the last day of the lease year).

(Source: P.A. 97-913, eff. 1-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-206.1)

Sec. 9-206.1. Life tenancy termination; farmland leases.

(a) Tenancies from year to year of farmland occupied on a crop share, livestock share, cash rent, or other rental basis in which the lessor is the life tenant or the representative of the life tenant shall continue until the end of the current lease year in which the life tenant's interest terminates unless otherwise provided in writing by the lessor and the lessee.

(b) Whenever the life tenancy of the lessor terminates not more than 6 months before the end of the tenancy of the lessee but before the beginning of the next crop year, the lessee of the farmlands is entitled to reasonable costs incurred in field preparation for the next crop year, payable by the succeeding life tenant or remainderman.

As used in this Section "farmland" means any property used primarily for the growing and harvesting of crops; the feeding, breeding and management of livestock; dairying, or any other agricultural or horticultural use or combination thereof, including, but not limited to, hay, grain, fruit, truck or vegetable crops, floriculture, mushroom growing, plant or tree nurseries, orchards, forestry, sod farming and greenhouses; the keeping, raising and feeding of livestock or poultry, including poultry, swine, sheep, beef cattle, ponies or horses; dairy farming; fur farming; beekeeping; or fish or wildlife farming.

(Source: P.A. 89-549, eff. 1-1-97.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-207) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-207)

Sec. 9-207. Notice to terminate tenancy for less than a year.

(a) Except as provided in Section 9-207.5 of this Code, in all cases of tenancy from week to week, where the tenant holds over without special agreement, the landlord may terminate the tenancy by 7 days' notice, in writing, and may maintain an action for eviction or ejectment.

(b) Except as provided in Section 9-207.5 of this Code, in all cases of tenancy for any term less than one year, other than tenancy from week to week, where the tenant holds over without special agreement, the landlord may terminate the tenancy by 30 days' notice, in writing, and may maintain an action for eviction or ejectment.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-207.5)

Sec. 9-207.5. Termination of bona fide leases in residential real estate in foreclosure.

(a) A mortgagee, receiver, holder of the certificate of sale, holder of the deed issued pursuant to that certificate, or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser at a judicial sale under Section 15-1507 of this Code, who assumes control of the residential real estate in foreclosure, as defined in Section 15-1225 of this Code, may terminate a bona fide lease, as defined in Section 15-1224 of this Code, only: (i) at the end of the term of the bona fide lease, by no less than 90 days' written notice or (ii) in the case of a bona fide lease that is for a month-to-month or week-to-week term, by no less than 90 days' written notice.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this Section, an individual who assumes control of residential real estate in foreclosure pursuant to a judicial sale and who will occupy a dwelling unit of the residential real estate in foreclosure as his or her primary residence may terminate the bona fide lease for the dwelling unit subject to the 90-day notice requirement of subsection (a) of this Section.

(c) Nothing in this Section or Section 15-1224 of this Code shall abrogate the rights of a mortgagee, receiver, holder of the certificate of sale, holder of the deed issued pursuant to that certificate, or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser at a judicial sale, who assumes control of the residential real estate in foreclosure to terminate a bona fide lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure under Section 9-118, 9-119, 9-120, 9-201, 9-202, 9-203, 9-204, 9-209, or 9-210 of this Code.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-208) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-208)

Sec. 9-208. Further demand. Where a tenancy is terminated by notice, under either of the 2 preceding sections, no further demand is necessary before bringing an action under the statute in relation to eviction or ejectment.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-209) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-209)

Sec. 9-209. Demand for rent - eviction action. A landlord or his or her agent may, any time after rent is due, demand payment thereof and notify the tenant, in writing, that unless payment is made within a time mentioned in such notice, not less than 5 days after service thereof, the lease will be terminated. If the tenant does not pay the rent due within the time stated in the notice under this Section, the landlord may consider the lease ended and commence an eviction or ejectment action without further notice or demand. A claim for rent may be joined in the complaint, including a request for the pro rata amount of rent due for any period that a judgment is stayed, and a judgment obtained for the amount of rent found due, in any action or proceeding brought, in an eviction action under this Section.

Notice made pursuant to this Section shall, as hereinafter stated, not be invalidated by payments of past due rent demanded in the notice, when the payments do not, at the end of the notice period, total the amount demanded in the notice. The landlord may, however, agree in writing to continue the lease in exchange for receiving partial payment. To prevent invalidation, the notice must prominently state:

"Only FULL PAYMENT of the rent demanded in this notice will waive the landlord's right to terminate the lease under this notice, unless the landlord agrees in writing to continue the lease in exchange for receiving partial payment."

Collection by the landlord of past rent due after the filing of a suit for eviction or ejectment pursuant to failure of the tenant to pay the rent demanded in the notice shall not invalidate the suit.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-210) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-210)

Sec. 9-210. Notice to quit. When default is made in any of the terms of a lease, it is not necessary to give more than 10 days' notice to quit, or of the termination of such tenancy, and the same may be terminated on giving such notice to quit at any time after such default in any of the terms of such lease. Such notice may be substantially in the following form:

"To A.B.: You are hereby notified that in consequence of your default in (here insert the character of the default) of the premises now occupied by you, being, etc., (here describe the premises) I have elected to terminate your lease, and you are hereby notified to quit and deliver up possession of the same to me within 10 days of this date (dated, etc.)."

The notice is to be signed by the lessor or his or her agent, and no other notice or demand of possession or termination of such tenancy is necessary.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-211) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-211)

Sec. 9-211. Service of demand or notice. Any demand may be made or notice served by delivering a written or printed, or partly written and printed, copy thereof to the tenant, or by leaving the same with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards, residing on or in possession of the premises; or by sending a copy of the notice to the tenant by certified or registered mail, with a returned receipt from the addressee; and in case no one is in the actual possession of the premises, then by posting the same on the premises.

(Source: P.A. 83-355.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-212) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-212)

Sec. 9-212. Evidence of service. When such demand is made or notice served by an officer authorized to serve process, the officer's return is prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated, and if such demand is made or notice served by any person not an officer, the return may be sworn to by the person serving the same, and is then prima facie evidence of the facts therein stated.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-213) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-213)

Sec. 9-213. Expiration of term. When the tenancy is for a certain period, and the term expires by the terms of the lease, the tenant is then bound to surrender possession, and no notice to quit or demand of possession is necessary.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-213.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-213.1)

Sec. 9-213.1. Duty of landlord to mitigate damages. After January 1, 1984, a landlord or his or her agent shall take reasonable measures to mitigate the damages recoverable against a defaulting lessee.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-214) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-214)

Sec. 9-214. Lease defined. The term "lease," as used in Part 2 of Article IX of this Act, includes every letting, whether by verbal or written agreement.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-215) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-215)

Sec. 9-215. Remedies available to grantee. The grantees of any leased lands, tenements, rents or other hereditaments, or of the reversion thereof, the assignees of the lessor of any lease, and the heirs, legatees and personal representatives of the lessor, grantee or assignee, shall have the same remedies by action or otherwise, for the non-performance of any agreement in the lease, or for the recovery of any rent, or for the doing of any waste or other cause of forfeiture, as their grantor or lessor might have had if such reversion had remained in such lessor or grantor.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-216) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-216)

Sec. 9-216. Remedies available to lessee. The lessees of any lands, their assigns or personal representatives, shall have the same remedy, by action or otherwise, against the lessor, his or her grantees, assignees or his, her or their representatives, for the breach of any agreement in such lease, as such lessee might have had against his or her immediate lessor. This section shall have no application to the covenants against incumbrances, or relating to the title or possession of the premises demised.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-217) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-217)

Sec. 9-217. Rent recoverable by representative, from subtenant. When a tenant for life demises any lands and dies on or after the day when any rent becomes due and payable, his or her executor or administrator may recover from the subtenant the whole rent due, but if such tenant for life dies, before the day when any rent is to become due, his or her executor or administrator may recover the proportion of rent which accrued before his or her death, and the remainder man shall recover for the residue.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-218)

Sec. 9-218. Rent payments at business office.

(a) If the lessor, or agent of the lessor, of residential real property, containing 100 or more residential units in either a single building or a complex of buildings, maintains a business office on the premises of the building or complex that has regularly scheduled office hours, then the lessor, or agent of the lessor, must accept rent payments from a lessee of any of those residential units at that business office during the regularly scheduled office hours and the lessor may not impose any penalty, fee, or charge for making rent payments in this manner that are otherwise considered timely under the lease, but the landlord may refuse to accept payment by cash when rent payments are made in this manner.

(b) This Section applies to each lease and other rental agreement in effect on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly unless there is specific language in that lease or other rental agreement that conflicts with the provisions of this Section. If any provision of a lease or other rental agreement entered into, extended, or renewed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 94th General Assembly conflicts with the provisions of this Section, then that provision of the lease or other rental agreement is void and unenforceable.

(Source: P.A. 94-2, eff. 5-31-05.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. IX Pt. 3 heading) Part 3. Distress for Rent

(735 ILCS 5/9-301) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-301)

Sec. 9-301. Property subject to distraint. In all cases of distress for rent, the landlord, by himself or herself, his or her agent or attorney, may seize for rent any personal property of his or her tenant that may be found in the county where such tenant resides, and in no case shall the property of any other person, although the same may be found on the premises, be liable to seizure for rent due from such tenant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-302) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-302)

Sec. 9-302. Filing of distress warrant with inventory. The person making such distress shall immediately file with the clerk of the circuit court a copy of the distress warrant, together with an inventory of the property levied upon.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-303) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-303)

Sec. 9-303. Summons and return. Upon the filing of such copy of distress warrant and inventory, the clerk shall issue a summons against the party against whom the distress warrant has been issued, returnable as summons in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-304) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-304)

Sec. 9-304. Notice to non-residents. When it appears, by affidavit filed in the court where such proceeding is pending, that the defendant is a nonresident or has departed from this state, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this state, and the affiant states the place of residence of the defendant, if known, and if not known, that upon diligent inquiry he or she has not been able to ascertain the same, notice may be given as in attachment cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-305) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-305)

Sec. 9-305. Proceedings - Pleading. The action shall thereafter proceed in the same manner as in case of attachment before the court. It shall not be necessary for the plaintiff in any case to file a complaint, but the distress warrant shall stand as a complaint and shall be amendable, as complaints in other civil cases, but no such amendment shall in any way affect any liabilities that have accrued in the execution of such warrant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-306) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-306)

Sec. 9-306. Counterclaim - Defenses. The defendant may file a counterclaim as in other civil actions or other defense which would have been proper if the action had been for the rent, and with like effect.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-307) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-307)

Sec. 9-307. Judgment for plaintiff. If the plaintiff recovers, judgment shall be entered in favor of plaintiff, for the amount which the court finds to be due the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-308) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-308)

Sec. 9-308. Effect of judgment against defendant. After the defendant is served with process or appears in the action, the judgment shall have the same force and effect as if served by summons, and the judgment may be enforced, not only against the property distrained, but also against the other property of the defendant. But the property distrained, if the same has not been replevied or released from seizure, shall be first sold.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-309) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-309)

Sec. 9-309. Judgment by default. When publication of notice, as provided by law, but the defendant is not served with process and does not appear, judgment by default may be entered, and the plaintiff may recover the amount due him or her for rent at the time of issuing the distress warrant, and enforcement may be had against the property distrained, but no enforcement may be had against any other property of the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-310) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-310)

Sec. 9-310. Judgment in favor of defendant - Counterclaim. If the judgment is in favor of the defendant, the defendant shall recover costs and judgment shall be entered for the return to the defendant of the property distrained, unless the same has been replevied or released from such distress. If a counterclaim is interposed, and it is determined by the court that a balance is due from the plaintiff to the defendant, judgment shall be entered in favor of the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-311) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-311)

Sec. 9-311. Bond for release of property. When any distress warrant is levied, the person whose property is distrained, may release the same by entering into bond in double the amount of the rent claimed, payable to the landlord, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by the person making the levy, if the bond is tendered before the filing of a copy of the warrant, as provided in Part 3 of Article IX of this Act, or if after, by the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, conditioned to pay whatever judgment the landlord may recover in the action, with costs of the action. If the bond is taken before the filing of a copy of the distress warrant, such bond shall be filed therewith, and if taken after the filing of a copy of the distress warrant, it shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court where the action is pending.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-312) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-312)

Sec. 9-312. Perishable property. If any property distrained is of a perishable nature and in danger of immediate waste or decay, and is not replevied or bonded, the landlord or his or her agent or attorney may, upon giving notice to the defendant or his or her attorney, or if neither can be found, without any notice, apply to the court in which the action is pending describing the property, and showing that it is so in danger, and if the court is satisfied that the property is of a perishable nature and in danger of immediate waste or decay, and if the defendant or his or her attorney is not served with notice, or does not appear, that neither the defendant nor the attorney can be found, the court may enter an order to the person having possession of the property, directing the sale thereof upon such time and notice, terms and conditions as the court shall deem for the best interests of the parties concerned. The money resulting from such sale shall be deposited with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, there to abide the event of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-313) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-313)

Sec. 9-313. Limitation. The right of the landlord to distrain the personal goods of the tenant, shall continue for the period of 6 months after the expiration of the term for which the premises were demised or the tenancy is terminated.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-314) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-314)

Sec. 9-314. Distress for products and labor. When the rent is payable wholly or in part in specific articles of property or products of the premises, or labor, the landlord may distrain for the value of such articles, products or labor.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-315) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-315)

Sec. 9-315. Exemption. The same articles of personal property which are, by law, exempt from the enforcement of a judgment thereon, except the crops grown or growing upon the demised premises, shall also be exempt from distress for rent.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-316) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-316)

Sec. 9-316. Lien upon crops. Every landlord shall have a lien upon the crops grown or growing upon the demised premises for the rent thereof, whether the same is payable wholly or in part in money or specific articles of property or products of the premises, or labor, and also for the faithful performance of the terms of the lease. Such lien shall continue for the period of 6 months after the expiration of the term for which the premises are demised, and may be enforced by distraint as provided in Part 3 of Article IX of this Act.

A good faith purchaser shall, however, take such crops free of any landlord's lien unless, within 6 months prior to the purchase, the landlord provides written notice of his lien to the purchaser by registered or certified mail. Such notice shall contain the names and addresses of the landlord and tenant, and clearly identify the leased property.

A landlord may require that, prior to his tenant's selling any crops grown on the demised premises, the tenant disclose the name of the person to whom the tenant intends to sell those crops. Where such a requirement has been imposed, the tenant shall not sell the crops to any person other than a person who has been disclosed to the landlord as a potential buyer of the crops.

A lien arising under this Section shall have priority over any agricultural lien as defined in, and over any security interest arising under, provisions of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code.

(Source: P.A. 91-893, eff. 7-1-01; 92-819, eff. 8-21-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-316.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-316.1)

Sec. 9-316.1. Tenant's duty to disclose to landlord identity of vendee of crops.

(a) Where, pursuant to Section 9-316, a landlord has required that, before the tenant sells crops grown on the demised premises, the tenant disclose to the landlord the persons to whom the tenant intends to sell such crops, it is unlawful for the tenant to sell the crops to a person other than a person so disclosed to the landlord.

(b) An individual who knowingly violates this Section is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(c) A corporation convicted of a violation of this Section is guilty of a business offense and shall be fined not less than $2000 nor more than $10,000.

(d) In the event the tenant is a corporation or a partnership, any officer, director, manager or managerial agent of the tenant who violates this Section or causes the tenant to violate this Section is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(e) It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution for the violation of this Section that the tenant has paid to the landlord the proceeds from the sale of the crops within 10 days after such sale.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-317) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-317)

Sec. 9-317. Landlord's right against sublessee. In all cases when the leased premises are sublet, or the lease is assigned, the landlord shall have the same right to enforce his or her lien against the sublessee or assignee, that the landlord has against the tenant to whom the premises were leased.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-318) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-318)

Sec. 9-318. Abandonment of premises. When a tenant abandons or removes from the premises or any part thereof, the landlord or his or her agent or attorney may seize upon any grain or other crops grown or growing upon the premises or part thereof so abandoned, whether the rent is due or not. If such grain or other crops or any part thereof is not fully grown or matured, the landlord or his or her agent or attorney shall cause the same to be properly cultivated and harvested or gathered, and may sell and dispose of the same, and apply the proceeds, so far as may be necessary, to compensate for his or her labor and expenses, and to pay the rent. The tenant may, at any time before the sale of the property so seized, redeem the same by tendering the rent due and the reasonable compensation and expenses of the cultivation and harvesting or gathering the same, or the tenant may replevy the property seized.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-319) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-319)

Sec. 9-319. Removal of fixture. Subject to the right of the landlord to distrain for rent, a tenant has the right to remove from the leased premises all removable fixtures erected thereon by him or her during the term of the lease, or of any renewal thereof, or of any successive leasing of the premises while the tenant remains in possession in the character of a tenant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-320) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-320)

Sec. 9-320. Notice by nonresident owner. (a) An owner of residential real property containing more than 4 living units, who does not reside or maintain an office therein and does not employ a manager or agent who resides or maintains an office therein, shall:

(1) post or cause to be posted on such residential real property adjacent to the mailboxes or within the interior of such residential real property in a location visible to all the residents, a notice of not less than 20 square inches in size bearing:

(i) the name, address and telephone number of the person responsible for managing the building; and

(ii) the name, address and telephone number of the company or companies insuring such residential real property against loss or damage by fire or explosion or if the residential real property is not insured, that shall be stated in the notice; and

(2) within 24 hours from the time such owner is notified that any company or companies insuring such residential real property against loss or damage by fire or explosion has cancelled such insurance, post or cause to be posted in the manner provided in subparagraph (1) notice of such cancellation.

(b) In lieu of the requirement for posting the notices prescribed in subsection (a) of this Section and the owner's managing agent may include such notice in a written rental or lease agreement or may give such notice by first class mail addressed to the lessee or renter.

(c) Failure to give any notice required by this Section is a petty offense and shall subject the owner to pay a fine of not more than $100 per day of violation.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/9-321) (from Ch. 110, par. 9-321)

Sec. 9-321. Distress before rent due. If any tenant shall, without the consent of his or her landlord, sell and remove, or permit to be removed, or be about to sell and remove, or permit to be removed, from the demised premises, such part or portion of the crops raised thereon, as shall endanger the lien of the landlord upon such crops for the rent agreed to be paid, it is lawful for the landlord to institute proceedings by distress before the rent is due, as is now provided by law, in case of the removal of the tenant from the demised premises; and thereafter the proceedings shall be conducted in the same manner as is now provided by law in ordinary cases of distress, where the rent is due and unpaid.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. X heading) ARTICLE X HABEAS CORPUS

(735 ILCS 5/10-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-101)

Sec. 10-101. Action commenced by plaintiff. In all proceedings commenced under Article X of this Act, the name of the person seeking the relief afforded by this Article shall be set out as plaintiff without the use of the phrase "People ex rel." or "People on the relation of".

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-102)

Sec. 10-102. Who may file. Every person imprisoned or otherwise restrained of his or her liberty, except as herein otherwise provided, may apply for habeas corpus in the manner provided in Article X of this Act, to obtain relief from such imprisonment or restraint, if it prove to be unlawful.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-103)

Sec. 10-103. Application. Application for the relief shall be made to the Supreme Court or to the circuit court of the county in which the person in whose behalf the application is made, is imprisoned or restrained, or to the circuit court of the county from which such person was sentenced or committed. Application shall be made by complaint signed by the person for whose relief it is intended, or by some person in his or her behalf, and verified by affidavit.

(Source: P.A. 103-51, eff. 1-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-104)

Sec. 10-104. Substance of complaint. The complaint shall state in substance:

1. That the person in whose behalf the relief is applied for is imprisoned or restrained of his or her liberty, and the place where - naming all the parties if they are known, or describing them if they are not known.

2. The cause or pretense of the restraint, according to the best knowledge and belief of the applicant, and that such person is not committed or detained by virtue of any process, or judgment, specified in Section 10-123 of this Act.

3. If the commitment or restraint is by virtue of any warrant or process, a copy thereof shall be annexed, or it shall be stated that by reason of such prisoner being removed or concealed before application, a demand of such copy could not be made, or that such demand was made, and the legal fees therefor tendered to the officer or person having such prisoner in his or her custody, and that such copy was refused.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-105)

Sec. 10-105. Copy of process. Any sheriff or other officer or person having custody of any prisoner committed on any civil or criminal process of any court who shall neglect to give such prisoner a copy of the process or order of commitment by which he or she is imprisoned within 6 hours after demand made by the prisoner, or any one on behalf of the prisoner, shall forfeit to the prisoner or party affected not exceeding $500. This Section shall not apply to the Illinois Department of Corrections.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-106)

Sec. 10-106. Grant of relief - Penalty. Unless it shall appear from the complaint itself, or from the documents thereto annexed, that the party can neither be discharged, admitted to pretrial release nor otherwise relieved, the court shall forthwith award relief by habeas corpus. Any judge empowered to grant relief by habeas corpus who shall corruptly refuse to grant the relief when legally applied for in a case where it may lawfully be granted, or who shall for the purpose of oppression unreasonably delay the granting of such relief shall, for every such offense, forfeit to the prisoner or party affected a sum not exceeding $1,000.

(Source: P.A. 101-652, eff. 1-1-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-107)

Sec. 10-107. Form of orders. If the relief is allowed by an order of a court it shall be certified by the clerk under the seal of the court; if by a judge, it shall be under the judge's signature, and shall be directed to the person in whose custody or under whose restraint the prisoner is, and may be substantially in the following form:

The People of the State of Illinois, to the Sheriff of .... County (or, "to A B," as the case may be):

You are hereby commanded to have the body of C D, imprisoned and detained by you, together with the time and cause of such imprisonment and detention by whatsoever name C D is called or charged, before .... court of .... County (or before E F, judge of, etc.), at, etc., immediately after being served with a certified copy of this order, to be dealt with according to law; and you are to deliver a certified copy of this order with a return thereon of your performance in carrying out this order.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-108)

Sec. 10-108. Indorsement. With the intent that no officer or person to whom such order is directed may pretend ignorance thereof, every such order shall be indorsed with these words: "By the habeas corpus law."

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-109)

Sec. 10-109. Subpoena-Service. When the party has been committed upon a criminal charge, unless the court deems it unnecessary, a subpoena shall also be issued to summon the witnesses whose names have been endorsed upon the warrant of commitment, to appear before such court at the time and place when and where such order of habeas corpus is returnable, and it shall be the duty of the sheriff, or other officer to whom the subpoena is issued, to serve the same, if it is possible, in time to enable such witnesses to attend.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-110)

Sec. 10-110. Service of order. The habeas corpus order may be served by the sheriff, coroner or any person appointed for that purpose by the court which entered the order; if served by a person not an officer, he or she shall have the same power, and be liable to the same penalty for non-performance of his or her duty, as though he or she were sheriff.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-111)

Sec. 10-111. Manner of service. Service shall be made by leaving a copy of the order with the person to whom it is directed, or with any of his or her under officers who may be at the place where the prisoner is detained; or if he or she can not be found, or has not the person imprisoned or restrained in custody, the service may be made upon any person who has the person in custody with the same effect as though he or she had been made a defendant therein.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-112)

Sec. 10-112. Expense involved. When the person confined or restrained is in the custody of a civil officer, the court entering the order shall certify thereon the sum to be paid for the expense of bringing the person from the place of imprisonment, not exceeding 10 cents per mile, and the officer shall not be bound to obey it unless the sum so certified is paid or tendered to him or her, and security is given to pay the charges of carrying the party back if he or she should be remanded. If the court is satisfied that the party so confined or restrained is a poor person and unable to pay such expense, then the court shall so state in the order, and in such case no tender or payment of expenses need be made or security given but the officer shall be bound to obey such order.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-113)

Sec. 10-113. Form of return. The officer or person upon whom such order is served shall state in his or her return, plainly and unequivocally:

1. Whether he or she has or has not the party in his or her custody or control, or under his or her restraint, and if he or she has not, whether he or she has had the party in his or her custody or control, or under his or her restraint, at any and what time prior or subsequent to the date of the order.

2. If he or she has the party in his or her custody or control, or under his or her restraint, the authority and true cause of such imprisonment or restraint, setting forth the same in detail.

3. If the party is detained by virtue of any order, warrant or other written authority, a copy thereof shall be attached to the return, and the original shall be produced and exhibited on the return of the order to the court before whom the same is returnable.

4. If the person upon whom the order is served has had the party in his or her custody or control or under his or her restraint, at any time prior or subsequent to the date of the order but has transferred such custody or restraint to another, the return shall state particularly to whom, at what time, for what cause and by what authority such transfer took place. The return shall be signed by the person making the same, and except where such person is a sworn public officer and makes the return in his or her official capacity, it shall be verified by oath.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-114)

Sec. 10-114. Bringing of body. The officer or person making the return, shall, at the same time, bring the body of the party, if in his or her custody or power or under his or her restraint, according to the command of the order unless prevented by the sickness or infirmity of the party.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-115)

Sec. 10-115. Sickness or infirmity. When, from the sickness or infirmity of the party, he or she cannot without danger, be brought to the place designated for the return of the order, that fact shall be stated in the return, and if it is proved to the satisfaction of the judge, he or she may proceed to the jail or other place where the party is confined, and there make an examination, or the judge may adjourn the same to such other time, or make such other order in the case as law and justice require.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-116)

Sec. 10-116. Neglect to obey order. If the officer or person upon whom such order is served refuses or neglects to obey the same, by producing the party named in the order and making a full and explicit return thereto within the time required by Article X of this Act, and no sufficient excuse is shown for such refusal or neglect, the court before whom the order is returnable, upon proof of the service thereof, shall enforce obedience by attachment as for contempt, and the officer or person so refusing or neglecting shall forfeit to the party a sum not exceeding $500, and be incapable of holding office.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-117)

Sec. 10-117. Order in case of neglect. The court may also, at the same time or afterwards, enter an order to the sheriff or other person to whom such attachment is directed, commanding him or her to bring forthwith before the court the party for whose benefit the habeas corpus order was entered, who shall thereafter remain in the custody of such sheriff, or other person, until the party is discharged, bailed or remanded, as the court directs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-118)

Sec. 10-118. Proceedings in case of emergency. Whenever it appears by the complaint, or by affidavit, that any one is illegally held in custody or restraint, and that there is good reason to believe that such person will be taken out of the jurisdiction of the court in which the application for a habeas corpus is made, or will suffer some irreparable injury before compliance with the order can be enforced, the court may enter an order directed to the sheriff or other proper officer, commanding him or her to take the prisoner thus held in custody or restraint, and forthwith bring him or her before the court to be dealt with according to law. The court may also, if it is deemed necessary, order the apprehension of the person charged with causing the illegal restraint. The officer shall execute the order by bringing the person therein named before the court, and the like return and proceedings shall be had as in other orders of habeas corpus.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-119)

Sec. 10-119. Examination. Upon the return of an order of habeas corpus, the court shall, without delay, proceed to examine the cause of the imprisonment or restraint, but the examination may be adjourned from time to time as circumstances require.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-120)

Sec. 10-120. Denial of allegations in return. The party imprisoned or restrained may file a reply to the return and deny any of the material facts set forth in the return, and may allege any other facts that may be material in the case, which denial or allegation shall be on oath; and the court shall proceed promptly to examine the cause of the imprisonment or restraint, hear the evidence produced by any person interested or authorized to appear, both in support of such imprisonment or restraint and against it, and thereupon shall determine the matter according to law.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-121)

Sec. 10-121. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article X of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which the plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-122)

Sec. 10-122. Amendments. The return, as well as any denial or allegation, may be amended at any time by leave of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-123)

Sec. 10-123. When prisoner not entitled to discharge. No person shall be discharged under the provisions of this Act, if he or she is in custody:

1. By virtue of process of any court of the United States, in a case where such court has exclusive jurisdiction; or,

2. By virtue of a final judgment of any circuit court, or of any proceeding for the enforcement of such judgment, unless the time during which such party may be legally detained has expired; or,

3. For any treason, felony or other crime committed in any other state or territory of the United States, for which such person ought, by the Constitution and laws of the United States, to be delivered to the executive power of such state or territory.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-124)

Sec. 10-124. Causes for discharge when in custody on process of court. If it appears that the prisoner is in custody by virtue of process from any court legally constituted, he or she may be discharged only for one or more of the following causes:

1. Where the court has exceeded the limit of its jurisdiction, either as to the matter, place, sum or person.

2. Where, though the original imprisonment was lawful, nevertheless, by some act, omission or event which has subsequently taken place, the party has become entitled to be discharged.

3. Where the process is defective in some substantial form required by law.

4. Where the process, though in proper form, has been issued in a case or under circumstances where the law does not allow process to issue or orders to be entered for imprisonment or arrest.

5. Where, although in proper form, the process has been issued in a case or under circumstances unauthorized to issue or execute the same, or where the person having the custody of the prisoner under such process is not the person empowered by law to detain him or her.

6. Where the process appears to have been obtained by false pretense or bribery.

7. Where there is no general law, nor any judgment or order of a court to authorize the process if in a civil action, nor any conviction if in a criminal proceeding. No court, on the return of a habeas corpus, shall, in any other matter, inquire into the legality or justice of a judgment of a court legally constituted.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-125)

Sec. 10-125. New commitment. In all cases where the imprisonment is for a criminal, or supposed criminal matter, if it appears to the court that there is sufficient legal cause for the commitment of the prisoner, although such commitment may have been informally made, or without due authority, or the process may have been executed by a person not duly authorized, the court shall make a new commitment in proper form, and direct it to the proper officer, or admit the party to pretrial release if the case is eligible for pretrial release. The court shall also, when necessary, take the recognizance of all material witnesses against the prisoner, as in other cases. The recognizances shall be in the form provided by law, and returned as other recognizances. If any judge shall neglect or refuse to bind any such prisoner or witness by recognizance, or to return a recognizance when taken as hereinabove stated, he or she shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor in office, and be proceeded against accordingly.

(Source: P.A. 101-652, eff. 1-1-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-126)

Sec. 10-126. Remand. When any prisoner brought up on a habeas corpus is remanded to prison, it shall be the duty of the court remanding the prisoner to deliver to the sheriff, or other person to whose custody the prisoner is remanded, an order in writing, stating the cause of remanding the prisoner. If such prisoner obtains a second order of habeas corpus, it shall be the duty of such sheriff, or other person to whom the same is directed, to return therewith the order above stated; and if it appears that the prisoner was remanded for an offense adjudged not bailable, it shall be taken and received as conclusive, and the prisoner shall be remanded without further proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-127) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-127)

Sec. 10-127. Grant of habeas corpus. It is not lawful for any court, on a second order of habeas corpus obtained by such prisoner, to discharge the prisoner, if he or she is clearly and specifically charged in the warrant of commitment with a criminal offense; but the court shall, on the return of such second order, have power only to admit such prisoner to pretrial release where the offense is eligible for pretrial release by law, or remand him or her to prison where the offense is not eligible for pretrial release, or being eligible for pretrial release, where such prisoner fails to comply with the terms of pretrial release.

(Source: P.A. 101-652, eff. 1-1-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-128) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-128)

Sec. 10-128. Person discharged again imprisoned. No person who has been discharged by order of the court on a habeas corpus, shall be again imprisoned, restrained or kept in custody for the same cause, unless he or she is afterwards indicted for the same offense, nor unless by the legal order or process of the court wherein he or she is bound by recognizance to appear. The following shall not be deemed to be the same cause:

1. If, after a discharge for a defect of proof, or any material defect in the commitment, in a criminal case, the prisoner is again arrested on sufficient proof, and committed by legal process for the same offense.

2. If, in a civil action, the party has been discharged for any illegality in the judgment or process, and is afterwards imprisoned by legal process for the same cause of action.

3. Generally, whenever the discharge is ordered on account of the non-observance of any of the forms required by law, the party may be a second time imprisoned if the cause is legal and the forms required by law observed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-129) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-129)

Sec. 10-129. Penalty for rearrest of person discharged. Any person who, knowing that another has been discharged by order of a competent court on a habeas corpus, shall, contrary to the provisions of Article X of this Act, arrest or detain him or her again for the same cause which was shown on the return to such order, shall forfeit $500 for the first offense, and $1,000 for every subsequent offense.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-130) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-130)

Sec. 10-130. Prisoner not to be removed from county. To prevent any person from avoiding or delaying his or her trial, it shall not be lawful to remove any prisoner on habeas corpus under Article X of this Act out of the county in which he or she is confined, within 15 days next preceding the first day of the calendar month in which such person ought to be tried unless it is done to convey him or her into the county where the offense with which he or she stands charged is properly cognizable.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-131) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-131)

Sec. 10-131. Custody not to be changed. Any person being committed to any prison, or in the custody of any sheriff or other officer or person for any criminal or supposed criminal matter, shall not be removed therefrom into any other prison or custody, unless it is done by habeas corpus order or some other legal process or when it is expressly allowed by law. If any person removes, or causes to be removed any prisoner so committed, except as above provided, he or she shall forfeit to the party affected a sum not exceeding $300.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-132) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-132)

Sec. 10-132. Avoidance of order - Punishment. Any one having a person in his or her custody, or under his or her restraint, power or control, for whose relief an order of habeas corpus is entered, who, with intent to avoid the effect of such order, transfers such person to the custody or places him or her under the control of another, or conceals him or her, or changes the place of his or her confinement, with intent to avoid the operation of such order, or with intent to remove him or her out of the State, shall, for every such offense, be guilty of a Class 4 felony. In any prosecution for the penalty incurred under this Section it shall not be necessary to show that the order of habeas corpus had been entered at the time of the removal, transfer or concealment therein mentioned, if it is proven that the acts therein forbidden were done with the intent to avoid the operation of such order.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-133) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-133)

Sec. 10-133. Penalties - How recovered. All the pecuniary forfeitures incurred under this Act shall inure to the use of the party for whose benefit the order of habeas corpus was entered, and shall be sued for and recovered with costs, by the Attorney General or State's Attorney, in the name of the State, by complaint; and the amount, when recovered, shall, without any deduction, be paid to the party entitled thereto.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-134) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-134)

Sec. 10-134. No bar to civil damages. The recovery of the penalties shall be no bar to a civil action for damages.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-135) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-135)

Sec. 10-135. Habeas corpus to testify. The several courts having authority to grant relief by habeas corpus, may enter orders, when necessary, to bring before them any prisoner to testify, or to be surrendered in discharge of pretrial release, or for trial upon any criminal charge lawfully pending in the same court or to testify in a criminal proceeding in another state as provided for by Section 2 of the "Uniform Act to secure the attendance of witnesses from within or without a state in criminal proceedings", approved July 23, 1959, as heretofore or hereafter amended; and the order may be directed to any county in the State, and there be served and returned by any officer to whom it is directed.

(Source: P.A. 101-652, eff. 1-1-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-136) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-136)

Sec. 10-136. Prisoner remanded or punished. After a prisoner has given his or her testimony, or been surrendered, or his or her pretrial release discharged, or he or she has been tried for the crime with which he or she is charged, he or she shall be returned to the jail or other place of confinement from which he or she was taken for that purpose. If such prisoner is convicted of a crime punishable with death or imprisonment in the penitentiary, he or she may be punished accordingly; but in any case where the prisoner has been taken from the penitentiary, and his or her punishment is by imprisonment, the time of such imprisonment shall not commence to run until the expiration of the time of service under any former sentence.

(Source: P.A. 101-652, eff. 1-1-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/10-137) (from Ch. 110, par. 10-137)

Sec. 10-137. Contempt - Discharge. Any person imprisoned for any contempt of court for the non-performance of any order or judgment for the payment of money, is entitled to relief by habeas corpus, and if it appears, on full examination of such person and such witnesses, and other evidence as may be adduced, that he or she is unable to comply with such order or judgment, or to endure the confinement, and that all persons interested in the order or judgment have had reasonable notice of the time and place of trial, the court may discharge him or her from imprisonment, but no such discharge shall operate to release the lien of such order or judgment, but the same may be enforced against the property of such person as other orders and judgments are enforced in civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XI heading) ARTICLE XI INJUNCTION

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XI Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. In General

(735 ILCS 5/11-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-101)

Sec. 11-101. Temporary restraining order. No temporary restraining order shall be granted without notice to the adverse party unless it clearly appears from specific facts shown by affidavit or by the verified complaint that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to the applicant before notice can be served and a hearing had thereon. Every temporary restraining order granted without notice shall be indorsed with the date and hour of signing; shall be filed forthwith in the clerk's office; shall define the injury and state why it is irreparable and why the order was granted without notice; and shall expire by its terms within such time after the signing of the order, not to exceed 10 days, as the court fixes, unless within the time so fixed the order, for good cause shown, is extended for a like period or unless the party against whom the order is directed consents that it may be extended for a longer period. The reasons for the granting of the extension shall be stated in the written order of the court. In case a temporary restraining order is granted without notice, the motion for a preliminary injunction shall be set for hearing at the earliest possible time and takes precedence over all matters except older matters of the same character; and when the motion comes on for hearing the party who obtained the temporary restraining order shall proceed with the application for a preliminary injunction and, if he or she does not do so, the court shall dissolve the temporary restraining order.

On 2 days' notice to the party who obtained the temporary restraining order without notice or on such shorter notice to that party as the court may prescribe, the adverse party may appear and move its dissolution or modification and in that event the court shall proceed to hear and determine such motion as expeditiously as the ends of justice require.

Every order granting an injunction and every restraining order shall set forth the reasons for its entry; shall be specific in terms; shall describe in reasonable detail, and not by reference to the complaint or other document, the act or acts sought to be restrained; and is binding only upon the parties to the action, their officers, agents, employees, and attorneys, and upon those persons in active concert or participation with them who receive actual notice of the order by personal service or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 84-554.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-102)

Sec. 11-102. Preliminary injunction. No court or judge shall grant a preliminary injunction without previous notice of the time and place of the application having been given the adverse party.

(Source: P.A. 84-282.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-103)

Sec. 11-103. Bond. The court in its discretion, may before entering a restraining order or a preliminary injunction, require the applicant to give bond in such sum, upon such condition and with such security as may be deemed proper by the court, for the payment of such costs and damages as may be incurred or suffered by any party who is found to have been wrongfully enjoined or restrained.

No such bond shall be required of any governmental office or agency.

A surety upon a bond or undertaking under Article XI of this Act submits to the jurisdiction of the court and irrevocably appoints the clerk of the court as the surety's agent upon whom any papers affecting the surety's liability on the bond or undertaking may be served. Such liability may be enforced on motion without the necessity of an independent action. The motion and such notice of motion as the court prescribes may be served on the clerk of the court who shall forthwith mail copies to the persons giving the security if their addresses are known.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-104)

Sec. 11-104. Bond before court or clerk. The bond may be entered into before the court granting or ordering the injunction, or before the clerk of the court, if the court has approved the security.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-105)

Sec. 11-105. Filing of bond. All bonds required by Article XI of this Act shall be filed with the clerk of the court who is to certify the injunctive order or judgment.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-106)

Sec. 11-106. Injunctive relief on Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday. When an application is made on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday or on a day when courts are not in session for injunctive relief and there is filed with the complaint an affidavit of the plaintiff, or his, her or their agent or attorney, stating that the benefits of injunctive relief will be lost or endangered, or irremediable damage occasioned unless such injunctive relief is immediately granted, and stating the bases for such alleged consequence, and if it appears to the court from such affidavit that the benefits of injunctive relief will be lost or endangered, or irremediable damage occasioned unless such injunctive relief is immediately granted, and if the plaintiff otherwise is entitled to such relief under the law, the court may grant injunctive relief on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or on a day when courts are not in session; and it shall be lawful for the clerk to certify, and for the sheriff or coroner to serve such order for injunctive relief on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday or on a day when courts are not in session as on any other day, and all affidavits and bonds made and proceedings had in such case shall have the same force and effect as if made or had on any other day.

(Source: P.A. 98-756, eff. 7-16-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-107)

Sec. 11-107. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article XI of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-107.1)

Sec. 11-107.1. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 84-1000. Repealed by P.A. 101-13, eff. 6-12-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-108)

Sec. 11-108. Motion to dissolve. A motion to dissolve an injunction may be made at any time before or after answer is filed. Upon a motion to dissolve an injunction after answer is filed the court shall decide the motion upon the weight of the evidence.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-109)

Sec. 11-109. Affidavits in support of motion to dissolve. The plaintiff may support the complaint and the defendant may support the answer by affidavits filed with the same, which may be read in evidence on the hearing of the motion to dissolve the injunction.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-110)

Sec. 11-110. Assessing damages. In all cases where a temporary restraining order or a preliminary injunction is dissolved by the circuit court or by the reviewing court, the circuit court, after the dissolution of the temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction, and before finally disposing of the action shall, upon the party claiming damages by reason of such temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction, filing a petition under oath setting forth the nature and amount of damages suffered, determine and enter judgment in favor of the party who was injured by such temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction for the damages which the party suffered as a result thereof, which judgment may be enforced as other judgments for the payment of money. However, a failure so to assess damages as hereinabove set out shall not operate as a bar to an action upon the injunction bond.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XI Pt. 3 heading) Part 3. Disbursement of Public Moneys

(735 ILCS 5/11-301) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-301)

Sec. 11-301. Who may file action. An action to restrain and enjoin the disbursement of public funds by any officer or officers of the State government may be maintained either by the Attorney General or by any citizen and taxpayer of the State.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-302) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-302)

Sec. 11-302. Action by Attorney General. Such action may be maintained by the Attorney General, by filing in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of the proper county a complaint in the name of the People of the State of Illinois. When such complaint is filed, it shall be presented to the court and an order shall be entered thereon showing the day of presentation and the day, which shall not be less than 5 days and not more than 10 days thereafter, when the court will hear the same.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-303) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-303)

Sec. 11-303. Action by private citizen. Such action, when prosecuted by a citizen and taxpayer of the State, shall be commenced by petition for leave to file an action to restrain and enjoin the defendant or defendants from disbursing the public funds of the State. Such petition shall have attached thereto a copy of the complaint, leave to file which is petitioned for. Upon the filing of such petition, it shall be presented to the court, and the court shall enter an order stating the date of the presentation of the petition and fixing a day, which shall not be less than 5 nor more than 10 days thereafter, when such petition for leave to file the action will be heard. The court shall also order the petitioner to give notice in writing to each defendant named therein and to the Attorney General, specifying in such notice the fact of the presentation of such petition and the date and time when the same will be heard. Such notice shall be served upon the defendants and upon the Attorney General, as the case may be, at least 5 days before the hearing of such petition.

Upon such hearing, if the court is satisfied that there is reasonable ground for the filing of such action, the court may grant the petition and order the complaint to be filed and process to issue. The court may, in its discretion, grant leave to file the complaint as to certain items, parts or portions of any appropriation Act sought to be enjoined and mentioned in such complaint, and may deny leave as to the rest.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/11-304) (from Ch. 110, par. 11-304)

Sec. 11-304. Summons - Pleadings. Upon the filing of the complaint, summons shall be issued commanding the defendant or defendants to appear on the day named therein, which shall not be less than 5 days nor more than 10 days thereafter, as shall be directed by the court. Such summons shall be served at least 5 days before the return day thereof in the same manner as summons is served in other civil cases.

Every defendant who is summoned shall appear by filing a pleading or motion in the cause on the return day of the summons as in other civil cases, and such action shall be given preference in hearing over all other cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII heading) ARTICLE XII JUDGMENTS - ENFORCEMENT

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. In General

(735 ILCS 5/12-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-101)

Sec. 12-101. Lien of judgment. With respect to the creation of liens on real estate by judgments, all real estate in the State of Illinois is divided into 2 classes.

The first class consists of all real property, the title to which is registered under "An Act concerning land titles", approved May 1, 1897, as amended.

The second class consists of all real property not registered under "An Act concerning land titles".

As to real estate in class one, a judgment is a lien on the real estate of the person against whom it is entered for the same period as in class two, when Section 85 of "An Act concerning land titles", has been complied with.

As to real estate included within class two, a judgment is a lien on the real estate of the person against whom it is entered in any county in this State, including the county in which it is entered, only from the time a transcript, certified copy or memorandum of the judgment is filed in the office of the recorder in the county in which the real estate is located. The lien may be foreclosed by an action brought in the name of the judgment creditor or its assignee of record under Article XV in the same manner as a mortgage of real property, except that the redemption period shall be 6 months from the date of sale and the real estate homestead exemption under Section 12-901 shall apply. A judgment resulting from the entry of an order requiring child support payments shall be a lien upon the real estate of the person obligated to make the child support payments, but shall not be enforceable in any county of this State until a transcript, certified copy, or memorandum of the lien is filed in the office of the recorder in the county in which the real estate is located. Any lien hereunder arising out of an order for support shall be a lien only as to and from the time that an installment or payment is due under the terms of the order. Further, the order for support shall not be a lien on real estate to the extent of payments made as evidenced by the records of the Clerk of the Circuit Court or State agency receiving payments pursuant to the order. In the event payments made pursuant to that order are not paid to the Clerk of the Circuit Court or a State agency, then each lien imposed by this Section may be released in the following manner:

(a) A Notice of Filing and an affidavit stating that all installments of child support required to be paid pursuant to the order under which the lien or liens were imposed have been paid shall be filed with the office of recorder in each county in which each such lien appears of record, together with proof of service of such notice and affidavit upon the recipient of such payments.

(b) Service of such affidavit shall be by any means authorized under Sections 2-203 and 2-208 of the Code of Civil Procedure or under Supreme Court Rules 11 or 105(b).

(c) The Notice of Filing shall set forth the name and address of the judgment debtor and the judgment creditor, the court file number of the order giving rise to the judgment and, in capital letters, the following statement:

YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT ON (insert date) THE ATTACHED AFFIDAVIT WAS FILED IN THE OFFICE OF THE RECORDER OF .... COUNTY, ILLINOIS, WHOSE ADDRESS IS ........, ILLINOIS. IF, WITHIN 28 DAYS OF THE DATE OF THIS NOTICE, YOU FAIL TO FILE AN AFFIDAVIT OBJECTING TO THE RELEASE OF THE STATED JUDGMENT LIEN OR LIENS, IN THE ABOVE OFFICE, SUCH JUDGMENT LIEN WILL BE DEEMED TO BE RELEASED AND NO LONGER SUBJECT TO FORECLOSURE. THIS RELEASE OF LIEN WILL NOT ACT AS A SATISFACTION OF SUCH JUDGMENT.

(d) If no affidavit objecting to the release of the lien or liens is filed within 28 days of the Notice described in paragraph (c) of this Section such lien or liens shall be deemed to be released and no longer subject to foreclosure.

A judgment is not a lien on real estate for longer than 7 years from the time it is entered or revived, unless the judgment is revived within 7 years after its entry or last revival and a new memorandum of judgment is recorded prior to the judgment and its recorded memorandum of judgment becoming dormant.

When a judgment is revived it is a lien on the real estate of the person against whom it was entered in any county in this State from the time a transcript, certified copy or memorandum of the order of revival is filed in the office of the recorder in the county in which the real estate is located.

A foreign judgment registered or filed pursuant to Sections 12-630 through 12-672 of this Act is a lien upon the real estate of the person against whom it was entered only from the time (1) a copy of the affidavit required by Section 12-653 with a copy of the foreign judgment attached showing the filing in a court of this State or (2) a transcript, certified copy or memorandum of a final judgment of the court of this State entered on an action to enforce a foreign judgment is filed in the office of the recorder in the county in which the real estate is located. However, no such judgment shall be a lien on any real estate registered under "An Act concerning land titles", as amended, until Section 85 of that Act has been complied with.

The release of any transcript, certified copy or memorandum of judgment or order of revival which has been recorded shall be filed by the person receiving the release in the office of the recorder in which such judgment or order has been recorded.

Such release shall contain in legible letters a statement as follows:

FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE OWNER, THIS RELEASE SHALL BE FILED WITH THE RECORDER OR THE REGISTRAR OF TITLES IN WHOSE OFFICE THE LIEN WAS FILED.

The term "memorandum" as used in this Section means a memorandum or copy of the judgment signed by a judge or a copy attested by the clerk of the court entering it and showing the court in which entered, date, amount, number of the case in which it was entered, name of the party in whose favor and name and last known address of the party against whom entered. If the address of the party against whom the judgment was entered is not known, the memorandum or copy of judgment shall so state.

The term "memorandum" as used in this Section also means a memorandum or copy of a child support order signed by a judge or a copy attested by the clerk of the court entering it or a copy attested by the administrative body entering it.

This Section shall not be construed as showing an intention of the legislature to create a new classification of real estate, but shall be construed as showing an intention of the legislature to continue a classification already existing.

(Source: P.A. 97-350, eff. 1-1-12; 98-557, eff. 1-1-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-102)

Sec. 12-102. Judgment against partnership. A judgment entered against a partnership in its firm name is enforceable only against property of the partnership and does not constitute a lien upon real estate other than that held in the firm name.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-103)

Sec. 12-103. Representative capacity. A judgment entered against a person not as a result of a contract made by him or her or a tort committed by him or her but solely because he or she is the holder of title to property as receiver, trustee of a specifically identified trust, representative as defined in Section 1-2.11 of the Probate Act of 1975, or in any other fiduciary capacity, shall be enforced only against property held in the particular representative capacity, but no judgment shall be enforced against nor shall the judgment constitute a lien upon, other property owned by such person, whether individually or in some other designated identifiable representative capacity.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-104)

Sec. 12-104. Time of restraint deducted. When the party in whose favor a judgment is entered is restrained, by injunction, or by stay on appeal, or by the order of a court, or is delayed, on account of the death of the defendant from enforcement of the judgment, the time he or she is so restrained or delayed shall not be considered as any part of the time mentioned in Section 12-101 or 12-108 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-105)

Sec. 12-105. Definition of "real estate". The term "real estate," when used in Part 1 of Article XII of this Act includes lands, tenements, hereditaments, and all legal and equitable rights and interests therein and thereto, including estates for the life of the debtor or of another person, and estates for years, and leasehold estates, when the unexpired term exceeds 5 years.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-106)

Sec. 12-106. Enforcement in other counties. The person in whose favor any judgment is entered, may have the judgment enforced by the proper officer of any county, in this State, against the lands and tenements, goods and chattels of the person against whom the judgment is entered, or against his or her body, when the same is authorized by law. Upon the filing in the office of the clerk of any circuit court in any county in this State of a transcript of a judgment entered in any other county of this State, enforcement may be had thereon in that county, in like manner as in the county where originally entered.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-107)

Sec. 12-107. Incarceration of judgment debtor. No order shall be entered for the incarceration of a judgment debtor as a means of satisfying a money judgment except when the judgment is entered for a tort committed by such judgment debtor, and it appears from a special finding of the jury, or from a special finding by the court, if the case is tried by the court without a jury, that malice is the gist of the action, and except when the judgment debtor refuses to deliver up his or her estate for the benefit of his or her creditors.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-107.5)

Sec. 12-107.5. Body attachment order.

(a) No order of body attachment or other civil order for the incarceration or detention of a natural person respondent to answer for a charge of indirect civil contempt shall issue unless the respondent has first had an opportunity, after personal service or abode service of notice as provided in Supreme Court Rule 105, to appear in court to show cause why the respondent should not be held in contempt.

(b) The notice shall be an order to show cause.

(c) Any order issued pursuant to subsection (a) shall expire one year after the date of issue.

(d) The first order issued pursuant to subsection (a) and directed to a respondent may be in the nature of a recognizance bond in the sum of no more than $1,000.

(e) Upon discharge of any bond secured by the posting of funds, the funds shall be returned to the respondent or other party posting the bond, less applicable fees, unless the court after inquiry determines that: (1) the judgment debtor willfully has refused to comply with a payment order entered in accordance with Section 2-1402 or an otherwise validly entered order; (2) the bond money belongs to the debtor as opposed to a third party; and (3) that any part of the funds constitute non-exempt funds of the judgment debtor, in which case the court may cause the non-exempt portion of the funds to be paid over to the judgment creditor.

(f) The requirements or limitations of this Section do not apply to the enforcement of any order or judgment for child support, any order or judgment resulting from an adjudication of a municipal ordinance violation that is subject to Supreme Court Rules 570 through 579, or from an administrative adjudication of such an ordinance violation.

(Source: P.A. 97-848, eff. 7-25-12; 98-417, eff. 1-1-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-108)

Sec. 12-108. Limitation on enforcement.

(a) Except as herein provided, no judgment shall be enforced after the expiration of 7 years from the time the same is rendered, except upon the revival of the same by a proceeding provided by Section 2-1601 of this Act; but real estate, levied upon within the 7 years, may be sold to enforce the judgment at any time within one year after the expiration of the 7 years. A judgment recovered in an action for damages for an injury described in Section 13-214.1 may be enforced at any time. Child support judgments, including those arising by operation of law, may be enforced at any time.

(b) No judgment shall be enforced against a police officer employed by a municipality if the corporate authority of the municipality files with the clerk of the court in which the judgment was entered a statement certifying: (1) such police officer was employed by the municipality and was within the scope and course of his employment at the time of the occurrence giving rise to the action in which the judgment is entered and (2) the municipality indemnifies the police officer in the amount of the judgment and interest thereon. In such event, the judgment creditor may enforce the judgment against the municipality in the same manner and to the same extent as if the municipality were the judgment debtor.

(c) If a judgment or a consumer debt judgment becomes dormant during the pendency of an enforcement proceeding against wages under of Part 14 of Article II or Part 8 of Article XII, the enforcement may continue to conclusion if the enforcement is done under court supervision and includes a wage deduction order or turn over order and is against an employer, garnishee, or other third party respondent.

(Source: P.A. 101-168, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-109)

Sec. 12-109. Interest on judgments.

(a) Every judgment except those arising by operation of law from child support orders shall bear interest thereon as provided in Section 2-1303.

(b) Every judgment arising by operation of law from a child support order shall bear interest as provided in this subsection. The interest on judgments arising by operation of law from child support orders shall be calculated by applying one-twelfth of the current statutory interest rate as provided in Section 2-1303 to the unpaid child support balance as of the end of each calendar month. The unpaid child support balance at the end of the month is the total amount of child support ordered, excluding the child support that was due for that month to the extent that it was not paid in that month and including judgments for retroactive child support, less all payments received and applied as set forth in this subsection. The accrued interest shall not be included in the unpaid child support balance when calculating interest at the end of the month. The unpaid child support balance as of the end of each month shall be determined by calculating the current monthly child support obligation and applying all payments received for that month, except federal income tax refund intercepts, first to the current monthly child support obligation and then applying any payments in excess of the current monthly child support obligation to the unpaid child support balance owed from previous months. The current monthly child support obligation shall be determined from the document that established the support obligation. Federal income tax refund intercepts and any payments in excess of the current monthly child support obligation shall be applied to the unpaid child support balance. Any payments in excess of the current monthly child support obligation and the unpaid child support balance shall be applied to the accrued interest on the unpaid child support balance. Interest on child support obligations may be collected by any means available under federal and State law, rules, and regulations providing for the collection of child support.

(Source: P.A. 101-336, eff. 8-9-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-110)

Sec. 12-110. Certified copy returnable. Certified copies of judgments which are delivered to an appropriate officer for enforcement shall be returnable within 90 days after the issuance of the certified copy by the clerk of court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-111)

Sec. 12-111. When binding on personalty. No judgment shall bind the goods and chattels of the person against whom it is entered, until a certified copy thereof is delivered to the sheriff or other proper officer to be served; and for the better manifestation of the time, the sheriff or other officer shall, on receipt of such certified copy, indorse upon the back thereof the day of the month and year and hour when he or she received the same.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-112)

Sec. 12-112. What liable to enforcement. All the lands, tenements, real estate, goods and chattels (except such as is by law declared to be exempt) of every person against whom any judgment has been or shall be hereafter entered in any court, for any debt, damages, costs, or other sum of money, shall be liable to be sold upon such judgment. Any real property, any beneficial interest in a land trust, or any interest in real property held in a revocable inter vivos trust or revocable inter vivos trusts created for estate planning purposes, held in tenancy by the entirety shall not be liable to be sold upon judgment entered on or after October 1, 1990 against only one of the tenants, except if the property was transferred into tenancy by the entirety with the sole intent to avoid the payment of debts existing at the time of the transfer beyond the transferor's ability to pay those debts as they become due. However, any income from such property shall be subject to garnishment as provided in Part 7 of this Article XII, whether judgment has been entered against one or both of the tenants.

If the court authorizes the piercing of the ownership veil pursuant to Section 505 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act or Section 805 of the Illinois Parentage Act of 2015, any assets determined to be those of the non-custodial parent, although not held in name of the non-custodial parent, shall be subject to attachment or other provisional remedy in accordance with the procedure prescribed by this Code. The court may not authorize attachment of property or any other provisional remedy under this paragraph unless it has obtained jurisdiction over the entity holding title to the property by proper service on that entity. With respect to assets which are real property, no order entered as described in this paragraph shall affect the rights of bona fide purchasers, mortgagees, judgment creditors, or other lien holders who acquire their interests in the property prior to the time a notice of lis pendens pursuant to this Code or a copy of the order is placed of record in the office of the recorder of deeds for the county in which the real property is located.

This amendatory Act of 1995 (P.A. 89-438) is declarative of existing law.

This amendatory Act of 1997 (P.A. 90-514) is intended as a clarification of existing law and not as a new enactment.

(Source: P.A. 99-85, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-112.5)

Sec. 12-112.5. Charging orders. If a statute or case requires or permits a judgment creditor to use the remedy of a charging order, said remedy may be brought and obtained by serving any of the various enforcement procedures set forth within this Article XII or by serving a citation pursuant to Section 2-1402. If the court does not otherwise have jurisdiction of the parties, the law relating to the type of enforcement served shall be used to determine issues ancillary to the entry of a charging order such as jurisdiction, liens, and priority of liens.

(Source: P.A. 97-350, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-113)

Sec. 12-113. Election of property. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure entered in accordance with Article XV, the judgment creditor may elect on what property not exempt from enforcement of a judgment he or she will have the same levied, provided personal property shall be last taken, except that a judgment in favor of any city, village or incorporated town may, at the option of the city, village or incorporated town, be levied against either personal or real property with no restriction as to priority.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-114)

Sec. 12-114. Sale in separate items. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure entered in accordance with Article XV, when real or personal property is taken in the enforcement of a judgment, if the property is susceptible of division it shall be sold in separate tracts, lots or articles, and only so much shall be sold as is necessary to satisfy the judgment and costs.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-115)

Sec. 12-115. Notice of sale of real estate. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure entered in accordance with Article XV, no real estate shall be sold by virtue of any judgment, except at public sale, between the hours of 9 in the morning and the setting of the sun of the same day, nor unless the time (specifying the particular hour of day at which the sale shall commence) and the place of holding such sale shall have been previously advertised 3 successive weeks, once in each week, in a newspaper published in the county where the sale is made (if there is any newspaper published in such county), and by placing written or printed notices thereof in at least 3 of the most public places in the county where the real estate is situated, specifying the name of the judgment creditor and judgment debtor in the judgment in all of which notices the real estate to be sold shall be described with reasonable certainty, and if there is more than one newspaper published in such county, the judgment creditor or his or her attorney may designate the newspaper in which such notice shall be published.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-116)

Sec. 12-116. Penalty for neglect of officer. If any sheriff or other officer sells any real estate by virtue of any judgment, otherwise than in the manner provided by law, or without such previous notice, the officer so offending shall, for every such offense, forfeit and pay the sum of $50, to be recovered with costs of the action by the person whose property is sold.

However, no such offense, nor any irregularity on the part of the sheriff, or other officer having the certified copy of the judgment for enforcement, shall affect the validity of any sale made under it, unless the purchaser had notice thereof.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-119)

Sec. 12-119. Certificate. When any real estate is sold by virtue of a judgment, or enforcement of mechanic's lien, or vendor's lien, or for the payment of money, the sheriff or other officer, except as otherwise provided in Part 1 of Article XII of this Act, instead of executing a deed for the premises sold, shall give to the purchaser a certificate describing the premises purchased by him or her, showing the amount paid therefor, or if purchased by the judgment creditor, the amount of his or her bid, and the time when the purchaser will be entitled to a deed unless the premises are redeemed, as provided in Part 1 of Article XII of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-120)

Sec. 12-120. Deposit of money - Receipt of other document. With respect to any sale made in open court, wherever provisions are made in Part 1 of Article XII of this Act for any payment of money to or deposit of any receipt or other document with the officer who made the sale or who sold the real estate, such payment shall be made to or deposit made with the sheriff of the county in which the sale is held.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-121)

Sec. 12-121. Certificate recorded. The purchaser shall, within 10 days from such sale, file in the office of the recorder of the county in which the property is situated, such certificate, which shall be recorded by such recorder; and such certificate or duplicate, or record, and certified copy of the record thereof, shall be evidence of the facts therein stated.

(Source: P.A. 84-314.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-122)

Sec. 12-122. Redemption. Any defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, or any person interested in the premises, through or under the defendant, may, except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Article XV of this Act, within 6 months from the sale, redeem the real estate so sold by paying to the purchaser thereof, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns or to the sheriff or other officer who sold the same, or his or her successor in office, for the benefit of such purchaser, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, the sum of money for which the premises were sold or bid off, with interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum from the time of such sale, whereupon such sale and certificate shall be null and void. If there has been a prior redemption by a judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, then redemption by a defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or any person interested in the premises through or under the defendant, shall be in accordance with Section 12-137 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-131) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-131)

Sec. 12-131. Certificate of redemption. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure entered in accordance with Article XV, in all cases of redemption of land from sale had under any judgment or order, it shall be the duty of the purchaser, sheriff, or other officer or person from whom such redemption takes place, to prepare an instrument in writing, under his or her signature and seal, evidencing the redemption, which shall be recorded in the recorder's office of the proper county, in like manner as other writings affecting the title to real estate are filed and recorded, which recording shall be paid for by the party redeeming.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-132) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-132)

Sec. 12-132. Redemption by creditors. If a redemption is not made, pursuant to Section 12-122 of this Act where applicable, prior to the making of redemption under this Section, any judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns may, after the expiration of 3 months and within 6 months after the sale, redeem the premises in the following manner: such creditor, so entitled to redeem, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns may obtain a certified copy of the judgment, and place the same with the sheriff or other proper officer for enforcement, and the sheriff or other proper officer shall endorse upon the back thereof a levy of the premises desired to be redeemed; and the person so entitled and desiring to make such redemption shall pay to such officer the amount for which the premises to be redeemed were sold, with interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum from the date of the sale, for the use of the purchaser of such premises, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, whereupon such officer shall prepare and file in the office of the recorder of the county in which the premises are situated a certificate of such redemption, and shall advertise and offer the premises for sale under the judgment as in other cases of sale under a judgment.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-133) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-133)

Sec. 12-133. Redemption money bid. The creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, having so redeemed, shall be considered as having bid at such sale the amount of the redemption money so paid by him or her, with interest thereon at the rate of 6% per annum from the date of such redemption to the day of sale, with the cost of such redemption and sale, and if no greater amount is bid at such sale, the premises shall be struck off to the person making such redemption. If at the time of issuance thereof, any person is entitled to redeem under Section 12-137 of this Act the officer shall forthwith execute a certificate of purchase to him or her in like form and manner as upon the first sale, for a deed of the premises so sold. If no person is so entitled to redeem under Section 12-137 of this Act, such officer shall execute a deed of the premises and no other redemption shall be allowed.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-134) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-134)

Sec. 12-134. Bid at more than redemption money. If at any sale held pursuant to Section 12-132 of this Act, a greater amount is bid and the premises sold for more than the amount of such redemption money, interest and costs, the excess shall be applied on the judgment under which the redemption was made; and a certificate of the purchase shall be delivered to the new purchaser in like form and manner as upon the first sale, for a deed of the premises so sold, in 60 days from the date of such sale, unless the same are redeemed before the expiration of that time, by some other judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or by any defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, or any person interested in the premises through or under the defendant, as provided in Section 12-137 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-135) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-135)

Sec. 12-135. Further redemptions. Successive redemptions may be made of the premises at any time within 60 days of the last sale at which they were sold for more than the amount of the redemption money, interest and costs, and the premises again sold in the same manner and upon the same terms and conditions, and certificate shall be made in like form and manner as upon the sale on the first redemption, and the person redeeming shall be considered to have bid the amount of his or her redemption money, interest and costs; and if at any such sale the premises are not sold for a greater sum, the sheriff or other officer shall forthwith execute a deed to the purchaser, and no other redemption shall be allowed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-136) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-136)

Sec. 12-136. Preference in redemptions. When there are several judgment creditors, the creditor having the senior judgment shall have the preference to redeem during the first 2 days after the commencement of the period in which judgment creditors may redeem, and the other creditors shall respectively have preference to redeem during a like time, in the order of seniority of their several judgments; but where 2 or more judgments bear equal date, the creditor first paying the redemption money shall have preference.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-137) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-137)

Sec. 12-137. Subsequent redemptions. Any redemption made under Sections 12-132 through 12-136 of this Act, by any judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns after the expiration of 3 months and within 6 months after the original sale, is subject to subsequent redemption within 6 months after the date of the original sale by any defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, or any person interested in the premises through or under the defendant, in the manner provided in this Section. In the event there is a redemption by any defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, or any person interested in the premises through or under the defendant, in accordance with Section 12-122 or this Section 12-137, the right to further redemption by any judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, is terminated, notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act. Any such defendant, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, assigns, or any person interested in the premises through or under the defendant, having a right to redeem, may redeem by paying to the sheriff or other proper officer the amount at which the premises were last redeemed by the judgment creditor, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, with interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum, from the date of the last redemption; however, if the premises were sold pursuant to such last redemption for an amount greater than the redemption money, interest and costs, then the amount payable shall be the amount for which the premises were sold, together with interest on that amount at the rate of 10% per annum from the time of such sale, and costs of sale.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-138) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-138)

Sec. 12-138. Redemptions of parts as sold. Any person entitled to redeem may redeem the whole or any part of the premises sold, in like distinct parcels or quantities in which the same were sold.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-139) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-139)

Sec. 12-139. Redemption by joint owner. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Article XV of this Code, any joint owner, his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, or a judgment creditor of such joint owner, may redeem the interest of such joint owner in the premises sold under judgment, in the manner and upon the conditions hereinbefore provided, upon the payment of his or her proportion of the amount which would be necessary to redeem the whole.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-140) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-140)

Sec. 12-140. Redemption on claims allowed in probate. For the purpose of redemption from the sale of real estate of a deceased debtor, any person whose claim has been allowed in probate against the estate of such deceased debtor, shall be considered a judgment creditor, and for the purpose of enabling such creditor to redeem from such sale, a certified copy of the order allowing the claim issued by the clerk of the court wherein letters of office were granted, may be delivered to the sheriff of the proper county, upon redemption having been made, to levy upon and sell the premises so sought to be redeemed, and like proceedings shall be had as upon other judgments.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-141) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-141)

Sec. 12-141. Taxes and assessments during period of redemption. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Article XV of this Act, whenever any real estate is sold under any judgment of any court, the holder of the certificate of that sale, may pay all taxes and assessments which are or may become a lien on that real estate during the time of redemption running on the sale. Whenever redemption is made from that sale the party or parties entitled to redeem shall pay to the holder of the certificate of sale, or grantee under such deed, or to the sheriff or other officer who sold the real estate, or his successor in office, in addition to the amount due on the certificate, or deed, the amount paid by the holder thereof or grantee therein for the taxes and assessments, together with interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum, if before the redemption is made a receipt for those taxes or assessments is filed with the sheriff or other officer who made the sale or exhibited by the holder of the certificate if redemption is made directly to the holder of the certificate, or the grantee in such deed.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-142) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-142)

Sec. 12-142. Realty sold to satisfy junior lien. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Article XV of this Act, whenever any real estate has been or is sold at judicial or judgment sale to enforce a lien thereon and the real estate is subject to a mortgage lien which is prior and superior to the lien so foreclosed through that sale, the holder of the certificate of sale, may from time to time during the period of redemption pay any interest, principal or other obligation which is due and payable in accordance with the terms of the superior mortgage. If redemption is made from the sale, the party or parties entitled to redeem shall pay to the holder of the certificate of sale, or grantee under such deed, or to the sheriff or other officer who sold the real estate or his or her successor in office, in addition to the amount due on the certificate, or deed, the amount paid by the holder thereof or grantee therein for interest, principal or other obligation, together with interest thereon at the rate of 10% per annum, if before the redemption is made a receipt evidencing the payments of interest, principal and other obligations is filed with the sheriff or other officer who made the sale or his or her successor in office or exhibited by the holder of the certificate or grantee in such deed to the party redeeming if the redemption payment is made directly to the holder of the certificate, or the grantee in such deed.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-143) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-143)

Sec. 12-143. Commissions. No commission upon the amount of the redemption money paid in any case shall be allowed to the officer receiving the same, but the usual commission shall be allowed to the officer selling the premises, on the excess made over and above the amount of the redemption money and interest.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-144) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-144)

Sec. 12-144. Certificate assignable. Every certificate which is given by any officer to any purchaser, under the provisions of Part 1 of Article XII of this Act is assignable by endorsement thereon, under the signature of such purchaser or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or assigns, and every person to whom the same is so assigned is entitled to the same benefits therefrom in every respect, that the person therein named would be if the same was not assigned.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-144.5)

Sec. 12-144.5. Report of sale and confirmation of sale.

(a) When the premises mentioned in the certificate are not redeemed in pursuance of law, the legal holder of the certificate shall promptly make a report to the court that issued the underlying judgment. The report shall include a copy of the certificate of sale; an affidavit, under oath, containing a good faith appraisal of the fair market value of the property; and a listing of all liens and mortgages including the value thereof.

(b) Upon motion and notice in accordance with court rules applicable to motions generally, including notice to the judgment debtor, the court issuing the underlying judgment shall conduct a hearing to confirm the sale. Unless the court finds that (i) notice as required by law was not given, (ii) the terms of the sale were unconscionable, (iii) the sale was conducted fraudulently, or (iv) justice was otherwise not done, the court shall then enter an order confirming the sale. In making these findings, the court shall take into account the purchase price at the sale in relation to the fair market value of the property less the value of any mortgages and liens.

(Source: P.A. 91-924, eff. 1-1-01.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-145) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-145)

Sec. 12-145. Time of execution of deed. When the premises mentioned in such certificate are not redeemed in pursuance of law, and the court issuing the underlying judgment has entered an order confirming the sale in accordance with Section 12-144.5, the legal holder of the certificate is entitled to a deed therefor at any time within 5 years from the expiration of the time of redemption. The deed shall be executed by the sheriff or other officer who made the sale, or by his or her successor in office, or by some person specially appointed by the court for the purpose. If the deed is not taken within the time limited by Part 1 of Article XII of this Act, the certificate of purchase is void unless the purchaser under the certificate of sale has gone into possession of the premises under and in reliance on the certificate of sale within the 5 year period. If, however, the deed is wrongfully withheld by the officer whose duty it is to execute it, or if the execution of the deed is restrained by injunction or order of a court, the time during which the deed is so withheld or the execution thereof restrained shall not be considered as any part of the 5 years within which the holder is required to take a deed.

(Source: P.A. 91-924, eff. 1-1-01.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-146) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-146)

Sec. 12-146. Foreclosures subject to prior law. Any sales of real estate made pursuant to a judgment foreclosing a mortgage or trust deed executed on or after July 1, 1917 and before July 1, 1921 shall be governed by the law in effect at the time such mortgage or trust deed was executed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-147) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-147)

Sec. 12-147. Form of deed. The deed may be substantially, in the following form:

Whereas, A.B. .... in the .... court of .... county recovered a judgment against C.D. for the sum of .... and costs on (insert date) and a certified copy of the judgment, issued on (insert date), by virtue of which .... levied upon the premises hereinafter described, and the time and place of the sale thereof having been duly advertised according to law, the same were struck off and sold to ...., he or she being the highest and best bidder therefor. (If the certificate has been transferred, recite the fact.)

Now, therefore, I, ...., of the county of ...., in consideration of the premises, hereby convey to ...., his or her heirs and assigns, the following described lot or parcel of land (here describe the premises) to have and to hold the same with all the appurtenances thereto belonging forever.

............(Date) .................(Signature)

(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-148) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-148)

Sec. 12-148. Effect of deed. Such deed shall convey to the grantee therein named all the title, estate and interest of the judgment debtor, of every nature and kind, in and to the premises thereby conveyed, but such deed shall not be construed to contain any covenant on the part of the officer executing the same.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-149) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-149)

Sec. 12-149. Title acquired at sale. The right, title and interest of any purchaser acquired at a sale made under or pursuant to any judgment in a proceeding in which the court had jurisdiction of the subject matter and of the parties, and who was not a party to such proceeding, and the right, title and interest of any bona fide assignee or pledgee for value of the certificate of sale under such certificate issued pursuant to a sale based on such judgment rendered in such proceeding who was not a party to such proceeding (whether the purchaser at such sale was a party or not), shall not be affected by any reversal, modification or order setting aside such judgment made in any proceeding to review such judgment, unless at the time of such sale, assignment or pledge, an appeal was pending which operated as a stay of enforcement of the judgment or a petition under Section 2-1401 of this Act had been filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-150) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-150)

Sec. 12-150. Deed as evidence. Any deed which has been heretofore, or which may hereafter be so executed, or which has been executed pursuant to Article XV of this Act, or a certified copy of the record thereof, shall be prima facie evidence that the provisions of the law in relation to the sale of the property for which it is or may be given were complied with; and in case of the loss or destruction of the record of the judgment, or levy thereon, such deed or certified copy of the record thereof shall be prima facie evidence of the entry and existence of the judgment and levy thereunder as therein recited.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-152) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-152)

Sec. 12-152. Certificate of levy. When a certified copy of a judgment is issued from a circuit court of any county in this State, and levied upon any real estate, the officer making such levy shall execute a certificate thereof and file the same in the office of the recorder of the county in which such real estate is located or in the office of the registrar of titles of such county if the real estate levied upon is registered under "An Act concerning land titles", approved May 1, 1897, as amended. Unless a transcript, certified copy or memorandum has been filed in the office of the recorder or in the office of the registrar of titles of such county, as the case may be, as provided by Section 12-101 of this Act, no judgment or order shall become a lien upon either nonregistered or registered real property until such certificate of levy has been filed as provided in this Section and, if the real property levied upon is registered, a memorial thereof is entered upon the register of the last certificate of title to be affected.

(Source: P.A. 83-358.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-153) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-153)

Sec. 12-153. Form of certificate. The certificate may be substantially in the following form:

STATE OF ILLINOIS,)

) ss.

..... County. )

I (here state the name of the officer and the title of his or her office) do hereby certify that by virtue of a judgment from the .... court of .... county, in favor of ...., against ...., dated (insert date), I did, on (insert date), levy upon the following premises. (Here describe the premises.) (Signature.) (Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-154) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-154)

Sec. 12-154. Recordation of certificate. Such certificate shall be recorded by the recorder, in a book to be kept for that purpose. The fee for recording such certificate shall be collected as other costs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-155) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-155)

Sec. 12-155. Death of judgment creditor. The collection of a judgment shall not be delayed or hindered, or the lien created by law abate, by reason of the death of any person in whose favor such judgment stands; but the executor or administrator may cause his or her letters of office to be filed in such court, after which the judgment may be enforced and proceeding had in the name of the executor or administrator as such, in the same manner as if the judgment had been recovered in his or her name.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-156) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-156)

Sec. 12-156. Representative may purchase realty. When it is necessary in order to secure the collection of a judgment belonging to any estate the executor or administrator shall bid for and become the purchaser of real estate at the sale thereof by the sheriff, or other officer. The premises so purchased shall be assets in his or her possession, and may be again sold by him or her, with the approval of the circuit court, and the moneys arising from such sale shall be accounted for and paid over as other moneys in his or her possession.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-157) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-157)

Sec. 12-157. Death of judgment debtor. If a person dies, after a court enters on judgment for the payment of money against him or her, the judgment may be enforced against the real estate of such deceased person, or a sale may be made under such judgment, without reviving the judgment against his or her heirs, legatees or legal representatives. No sale shall be made until after the expiration of 12 months from the death of such deceased person, nor shall any sale be had on such judgment until the person in whose favor the judgment is sought to be enforced shall give to the executor or administrator, or if there is neither, the heirs of the deceased, at least 3 months' notice of the existence of such judgment, before proceeding to sell, which notice shall be in writing if the parties required to be notified reside or may be found within the State, and their place of residence known, otherwise publication notice shall be given in the same manner as is provided for other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-158) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-158)

Sec. 12-158. Goods and chattels. All goods and chattels, real and personal, may be taken and sold to satisfy a judgment, except as otherwise provided by law.

When any officer levies a judgment on livestock, or other personal property, which is not immediately replevied or restored to the debtor, such officer shall provide sufficient sustenance for the support of such livestock and shall provide for the proper care and storage of such personal property until it is replevied, sold or discharged from such judgment. The officer shall receive a reasonable compensation therefor, to be determined by the court which entered the judgment, to be advanced to him or her, from time to time, by the judgment creditor, and the amount of such compensation shall be collected as a part of the costs in the case.

If any goods or chattels levied upon are, in the opinion of the officer making the levy, of a perishable nature and in danger of immediate waste or decay, the officer shall request the judgment creditor to obtain from the court which entered the judgment an order permitting that property to be sold not later than 24 hours after the levy was made, upon due notice of sale to the judgment debtor and to the public, as the court in its order may require. The money from such a sale shall be retained by the sheriff or other officer until the balance of the property levied upon is sold, at which time it shall be paid to the judgment creditor with the proceeds of the sale of the balance of the property. If the judgment creditor fails or refuses to obtain such an order for sale of perishable property, the sheriff or other officer making the levy shall be absolved of all responsibility to any person for loss occasioned by the failure to sell or care for such perishable property. The request of the sheriff or other officer shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the judgment creditor or his or her attorney or agent and to the judgment debtor if found. If the judgment debtor is not found a copy of the request shall be posted on the premises where the perishable items are located. The judgment creditor's motion for an order of sale of perishable property shall be treated as an emergency motion.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-159) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-159)

Sec. 12-159. Gold and silver. Current gold or silver coin, or other legal tender, may be levied upon for the enforcement of a judgment and may be paid over to the creditor as money collected.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-160) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-160)

Sec. 12-160. Bills. Bank bills, and all other bills or evidence of debt, issued by a moneyed corporation and circulated as money, may be levied upon for the enforcement of a judgment and paid to the creditor, at their par value, as money collected, if he or she is willing to receive them; otherwise they shall be sold like other chattels.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-161) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-161)

Sec. 12-161. Security. If there is reasonable doubt as to the ownership of the goods, or as to their liability to be levied upon to satisfy the judgment, the officer may require sufficient security to indemnify him or her for levying upon them.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-162) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-162)

Sec. 12-162. Delivery bond. When personal property is levied upon, or about to be levied upon, if the judgment debtor gives bond with sufficient security, to be approved by the officer, payable to the creditor, in double the amount of the judgment, conditioned to deliver the property levied upon undamaged at the time and place where the same is to be sold, which shall be named in the condition, the sheriff may allow the property to remain with the judgment debtor.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-163) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-163)

Sec. 12-163. When property not delivered. If the property is not delivered according to the condition of the bond, the officer having the certified copy of the judgment may proceed to enforce the same in the same manner as if no levy had been made.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-164) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-164)

Sec. 12-164. Proceedings on delivery bond. If the officer does not obtain satisfaction of the judgment, he or she shall return the bond with the certified copy of the judgment, and the creditor shall be allowed to recover thereon the amount of the judgment, with interest and costs, or if the value of the property so levied upon is shown by the judgment debtor to be less than such judgment and costs, the value thereof, with 10% damages for the delay.

(Source: P.A. 91-357, eff. 7-29-99.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-165) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-165)

Sec. 12-165. Second delivery bond. No second delivery bond shall be taken in behalf of a judgment debtor so failing to comply with the first, nor shall a delivery bond be taken of his or her surety without the consent of the judgment creditor.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-166) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-166)

Sec. 12-166. Notice of sale of personalty. Before any goods or chattels are sold to satisfy a judgment, at least 10 days' previous notice of such sale shall be given by posting notices thereof in 3 of the most public places in the county where such sale is to be held, specifying the time when and place where the same are to be sold.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-167) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-167)

Sec. 12-167. Postponing sale. The officer may postpone such sale from time to time, not exceeding 10 days at one time, whenever, for want of bidders or other good cause, he or she deems it for the interest of the parties concerned. Notice of such postponement may be given at the time and place fixed for the sale, or by posting notices as hereinbefore provided, but if the postponement exceeds one day, the officer shall post notices thereof.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-168) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-168)

Sec. 12-168. Return - Liability. The officer making such sale shall, in his or her return of the certified copy of the judgment particularly describe the goods sold, and the sum for which each article was sold; and if he or she is guilty of fraud in the sale or return, he or she shall be liable, in a civil action to the party damaged, for 5 times the amount of the actual damage sustained by reason of such fraud.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-169) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-169)

Sec. 12-169. Marshalling proceeds. If the goods or chattels sold to satisfy the judgment have been attached by another creditor or seized on another judgment either by the same or any other officer, or if before the payment of the residue, after the satisfaction of the judgment to the debtor, another attachment or judgment against the judgment debtor is delivered to the officer who made the sale, the proceeds of the sale shall be applied to the discharge of the several judgments in the order in which the respective attachments or judgments become a lien or are entitled by law to share, and the residue, if any, shall be returned to the debtor or his or her assigns.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-170)

Sec. 12-170. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-171)

Sec. 12-171. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-172)

Sec. 12-172. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-173)

Sec. 12-173. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-174)

Sec. 12-174. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-175)

Sec. 12-175. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-176) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-176)

Sec. 12-176. Judgments between parties. Judgments between the same parties may be set off, one against another, if required by either party, as prescribed in the following Section.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-177) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-177)

Sec. 12-177. Multiple judgments. When one of the judgments is delivered to an officer to be enforced, the debtor therein may deliver his or her judgment to the same officer, and the officer shall apply it, as far as it will extend, to the satisfaction of the first judgment, and the balance due on the larger judgment may be collected and paid in the same manner as if there had been no set-off.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-178) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-178)

Sec. 12-178. Cases excepted. Such set-off shall not be allowed in the following cases:

1. When the creditor in one of the judgments is not in the same capacity and trust as the debtor in the other.

2. When the sum due on the first judgment was lawfully and in good faith assigned to another person, before the creditor in the second judgment became entitled to the sum due thereon.

3. When there are several creditors in one judgment, and the sum due on the other is due from a part of them only.

4. When there are several debtors in one judgment, and the sum due on the other is due to a part of them only.

5. It shall not be allowed as to so much of the first judgment as is due to the attorney in that action for his or her fees and disbursements therein.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-183) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-183)

Sec. 12-183. Release of judgment.

(a) Every judgment creditor, his or her assignee of record or other legal representative having received full satisfaction or payment of all such sums of money as are really due to him or her from the judgment debtor on any judgment rendered in a court shall, at the request of the judgment debtor or his or her legal representative, execute and deliver to the judgment debtor or his or her legal representative an instrument in writing releasing such judgment.

(b) If the judgment creditor, his or her assigns of record or other legal representative to whom tender has been made of all sums of money due him or her from the judgment debtor including interest, on any judgment entered by a court, wilfully fails or refuses, at the request of the judgment debtor or his or her legal representative to execute and deliver to the judgment debtor or his or her legal representative an instrument in writing releasing such judgment, the judgment debtor may petition the court in which such judgment is of record, making tender therewith to the court of all sums due in principal and interest on such judgment, for the use of the judgment creditor, his or her executors, administrators or assigns, whereupon the court shall enter an order satisfying the judgment and releasing all liens based on such judgment.

(c) For the recording of assignment of any judgment the clerk of the court in which such judgment is of record is allowed a fee of $2.

(d) A satisfaction of a judgment may be delivered to the judgment debtor, his or her attorney or to the clerk of the court in which such judgment is of record.

(e) The clerk shall not be allowed any fee for recording the satisfaction of judgment. The clerk of the court shall make appropriate notation on the judgment docket of the book and page where any release or assignment of any judgment is recorded.

(f) No judgment shall be released of record except by an instrument in writing recorded in the court in which such judgment is of record. However, nothing contained in this Section affects in any manner the validity of any release of judgment made, prior to January 1, 1952, in judgment and execution dockets by the judgment creditor, his or her attorney, assignee or other legal representative.

(g) The writ of audita querela is abolished and all relief heretofore obtainable and grounds for such relief heretofore available, whether by the writ of audita querela or otherwise, shall be available in every case by petition hereunder, regardless of the nature of the order or judgment from which relief is sought or of the proceeding in which it was entered. There shall be no distinction between actions and other proceedings, statutory or otherwise, as to availability of relief, grounds for relief or relief obtainable. The petition shall be filed in the same proceeding in which the order or judgment was entered and shall be supported by affidavit or other appropriate showing as to matters not of record. All parties to the petition shall be notified as provided by rule.

(h) Upon the filing of a release or satisfaction in full satisfaction of judgment, signed by the party in whose favor the judgment was entered or his or her attorney, the court may vacate the judgment, and dismiss the action.

(i) Any judgment arising out of an order for support shall not be a judgment to the extent of payments made as evidenced by the records of the Clerk of the Circuit Court or State agency receiving payments pursuant to the order. In the event payments made pursuant to that order are not paid to the Clerk of the Circuit Court or a State agency, then any judgment arising out of each order for support may be released in the following manner:

(1) A Notice of Filing and an affidavit stating that all installments of child support required to be paid pursuant to the order under which the judgment or judgments were entered have been paid shall be filed with the office of the court or agency entering said order for support, together with proof of service of such notice and affidavit upon the recipient of such payments.

(2) Service of such affidavit shall be by any means authorized under Sections 2-203 and 2-208 of the Code of Civil Procedure or under Supreme Court Rules 11 or 105(b).

(3) The Notice of Filing shall set forth the name and address of the judgment debtor and the judgment creditor, the court file number of the order giving rise to the judgment and, in capital letters, the following statement:

YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT ON (insert date) THE ATTACHED AFFIDAVIT WAS FILED IN THE OFFICE OF THE CLERK OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF .... COUNTY, ILLINOIS, WHOSE ADDRESS IS ........, ILLINOIS. IF, WITHIN 28 DAYS OF THE DATE OF THIS NOTICE, YOU FAIL TO FILE AN AFFIDAVIT OBJECTING TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE STATED JUDGMENT OR JUDGMENTS IN THE ABOVE OFFICE, THE SAID JUDGMENTS WILL BE DEEMED TO BE SATISFIED AND NOT ENFORCEABLE. THE SATISFACTION WILL NOT PREVENT YOU FROM ENFORCING THE ORDER FOR SUPPORT THROUGH THE COURT.

(4) If no affidavit objecting to the satisfaction of the judgment or judgments is filed within 28 days of the Notice described in paragraph (3) of this subsection (i), such judgment or judgments shall be deemed to be satisfied and not enforceable.

(Source: P.A. 99-744, eff. 8-5-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Trial of Right of Property

(735 ILCS 5/12-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-201)

Sec. 12-201. Procedure. (a) Whenever a judgment or order of attachment, entered by any court, shall be levied by any sheriff or coroner upon any personal property, and such property is claimed by any person other than the judgment debtor or defendant in such attachment, or is claimed by the judgment debtor or defendant in attachment as exempt from levy or attachment by virtue of the exemption laws of the State, by giving to the sheriff or coroner notice, in writing, of his or her claim, and intention to prosecute the same, it shall be the duty of such sheriff or coroner to notify the circuit court of such claim.

(b) The court shall thereupon cause the proceeding to be entered of record, and the claimant shall be made plaintiff in the proceeding, and the judgment creditor or plaintiff in attachment shall be made defendant in such proceeding.

(c) The clerk of the circuit court shall thereupon issue a notice, directed to the judgment creditor or plaintiff in attachment, notifying him or her of such claim, and of the time and place of trial, which time shall be not more than 10 days nor less than 5 days from the date of such notice.

(d) Such notice shall be served in the same manner as provided for the service of summons in other civil cases, at least 5 days before the day of trial; and if such notice is served less than 5 days before the day of trial, the trial shall, on demand of either party, be continued for a period not exceeding 10 days.

(e) In case return is made on such notice that the judgment creditor or plaintiff in attachment cannot be found, the proceeding shall be continued for a period not exceeding 90 days, and the judgment creditor or plaintiff in attachment shall be notified of such proceeding by publication as in other civil cases.

(f) If the judgment creditor or plaintiff in attachment, or his or her attorney, shall at least 5 days before the day of trial, file with the clerk of the circuit court his or her appearance in such proceeding, then it shall not be necessary to notify such person as above provided.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-202) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-202)

Sec. 12-202. Trial. The trial shall proceed without written pleadings in the same manner as in other civil cases, and may be by a jury if either party demands one.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-203) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-203)

Sec. 12-203. Subpoenas. The clerk of the court shall issue subpoenas for witnesses at the request of any party or the party's attorney.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-204) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-204)

Sec. 12-204. Trial and judgment. The court or the jury shall determine the rights of the parties and the court shall enter judgment accordingly, and the court shall direct the sheriff or coroner as to the disposition of the property in the possession of the sheriff or coroner. In case the property appears to belong to the claimant, when the claimant is any person other than the judgment debtor or the defendant in the attachment, or in case the property is found to be exempt from enforcement of a judgment thereon or attachment, when the claimant is the judgment debtor or the defendant in the attachment, judgment shall be entered against the judgment creditor or plaintiff in the attachment for the costs, and the property levied on shall be released, and in case it further appears that such claimant is entitled to the immediate possession of such property, the court shall order that such property be delivered to such claimant. If it appears that the property does not belong to the claimant, or is not exempt from the enforcement of a judgment thereon or attachment, as the case may be, judgment shall be entered against the claimant for costs, and an order shall be entered that the sheriff or coroner proceed to sell the property levied on. The judgment in such cases shall be a complete indemnity to the sheriff or coroner in selling or restoring any such property, as the case may be.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-205) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-205)

Sec. 12-205. Costs. If the judgment is entered in favor of the claimant as to part of the property, and in favor of another party as to part, then the court shall in its discretion apportion the costs; and the sheriff, coroner and clerk of the court shall be entitled to the same fees as are allowed by law for similar services.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 3 heading) Part 3. Concealing Property

(735 ILCS 5/12-301) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-301)

Sec. 12-301. Contempt for concealing property. Any person who hides or conceals any property so that it cannot be taken by virtue of an order or judgment or, on the officer's request therefor, refuses to deliver property to the officer having an order or judgment for the taking of the property is guilty of contempt of court and subject to punishment therefor.

(Source: P.A. 83-352.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 4 heading) Part 4. Redemption by State

(735 ILCS 5/12-401) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-401)

Sec. 12-401. Right of State as judgment creditor. Except as to any sale had by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Article XV of this Act, whenever any real estate has been or is sold at a judicial or judgment sale and such real estate is then subject to a lien or claim for lien in favor of the People of the State of Illinois, which is junior and inferior to the lien so enforced or foreclosed by or through that sale, the right of the State to redeem by virtue of its lien from that sale or from the lien so foreclosed or enforced ceases and terminates at the end of 12 months from the date upon which it is filed for record in the Office of the recorder for the County in which the lands so sold are situated, if such lands are unregistered, or in the Office of the Registrar of Titles for such County, if such lands are registered, a certified copy of the original or duplicate recorded or registered certificate of such sale, such certified copy being endorsed by the State's Attorney of such County, or his or her assistant, showing service of a copy of such certificate upon him or her, and upon such service such officer shall make such endorsement. Service may be made by United States registered or certified mail.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-403) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-403)

Sec. 12-403. Application. The provisions of Part 4 of Article XII of this Act shall not apply to any lien in favor of the State of Illinois or notice of such lien arising under any other Act containing provisions relating to the right of the State of Illinois to redeem real estate sold at judicial or judgment sale.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-404) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-404)

Sec. 12-404. Does not include where State is nominal party. The term "lien or claim for lien in favor of the People of the State of Illinois," as used in Part 4 of Article XII of this Act, means and includes a lien or claim for lien in which the State of Illinois is a real party in interest, and not a lien or claim for lien in the name of the People of the State of Illinois as nominal plaintiff for the sole use or benefit of others.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 5 heading) Part 5. Federal Judgments

(735 ILCS 5/12-501) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-501)

Sec. 12-501. Registration of Federal judgments. Judgments of courts of the United States held, within this State, and all process, returns, certificates of the levy of a process, and records of such courts may be registered, recorded, docketed, indexed or otherwise dealt with in, the public offices of this State, so as to make them conform to the rules and requirements relating to judgments of courts of this State. A certified copy of a federal judgment order entered in this State may be filed in any circuit court and shall be afforded recognition as if it were a judgment entered in any other circuit court of this State.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-502) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-502)

Sec. 12-502. Lien of Federal judgments. Upon filing in the office of the recorder in any county of this State of a transcript, certified copy or memorandum of a judgment entered in this State by a court of the United States, such judgment shall be a lien upon the real estate of the person against whom the same is entered, in the county where filed, in like manner as judgments of courts of this State. The term "memorandum" as used in this Section means a memorandum or copy of the judgment signed by a judge of the court entering it and showing the court in which entered, date, amount, case number of the case in which entered, name of the party in whose favor and name of the party against whom entered. However, no such judgment shall be a lien on any real estate, registered under the provisions of "An Act concerning land titles", approved May 1, 1897, as amended, until the provisions of Section 85 of that Act have been complied with.

(Source: P.A. 83-358.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 6 heading) Part 6. Foreign Judgments and Foreign-Money Claims

(735 ILCS 5/12-618)

Sec. 12-618. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-619)

Sec. 12-619. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-620)

Sec. 12-620. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-621)

Sec. 12-621. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 95-865, eff. 8-19-08. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-622)

Sec. 12-622. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-623)

Sec. 12-623. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-624)

Sec. 12-624. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-625)

Sec. 12-625. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-626)

Sec. 12-626. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-630) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-630)

Sec. 12-630. Short title; Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act. Sections 12-630 through 12-645 may be cited as the Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act. In those Sections, "this Act" means the Uniform Foreign-Money Claims Act.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-631) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-631)

Sec. 12-631. Definitions. In this Act:

(1) "Action" means a judicial proceeding or arbitration in which a payment in money may be awarded or enforced with respect to a foreign-money claim.

(2) "Bank-offered spot rate" means the spot rate of exchange at which a bank will sell foreign money at a spot rate.

(3) "Conversion date" means the banking day next preceding the date on which money, in accordance with this Act, is:

(i) paid to a claimant in an action or distribution proceeding;

(ii) paid to the official designated by law to enforce a judgment or award on behalf of a claimant; or

(iii) used to recoup, set-off, or counterclaim in different moneys in an action or distribution proceeding.

(4) "Distribution proceeding" means a judicial or nonjudicial proceeding for the distribution of a fund in which one or more foreign-money claims is asserted and includes an accounting, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, a foreclosure, the liquidation or rehabilitation of a corporation or other entity, and the distribution of an estate, trust, or other fund.

(5) "Foreign money" means money other than money of the United States of America.

(6) "Foreign-money claim" means a claim upon an obligation to pay, or a claim for recovery of a loss, expressed in or measured by a foreign money.

(7) "Money" means a medium of exchange for the payment of obligations or a store of value authorized or adopted by a government or by inter-governmental agreement.

(8) "Money of the claim" means the money determined as proper pursuant to Section 12-634.

(9) "Person" means an individual, a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, joint venture, partnership, association, 2 or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity.

(10) "Rate of exchange" means the rate at which money of one country may be converted into money of another country in a free financial market convenient to or reasonably usable by a person obligated to pay or to state a rate of conversion. If separate rates of exchange apply to different kinds of transactions, the term means the rate applicable to the particular transaction giving rise to the foreign-money claim.

(11) "Spot rate" means the rate of exchange at which foreign money is sold by a bank or other dealer in foreign exchange for immediate or next day availability or for settlement by immediate payment in cash or equivalent, by charge to an account, or by an agreed delayed settlement not exceeding 2 days.

(12) "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-632) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-632)

Sec. 12-632. Scope.

(a) This Act applies only to a foreign-money claim in an action or distribution proceeding.

(b) This Act applies to foreign-money issues even if other law under the conflict of laws rules of this State applies to other issues in the action or distribution proceeding.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-633) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-633)

Sec. 12-633. Variation by agreement.

(a) The effect of this Act may be varied by agreement of the parties made before or after commencement of an action or distribution proceeding or the entry of judgment.

(b) Parties to a transaction may agree upon the money to be used in a transaction giving rise to a foreign-money claim and may agree to use different moneys for different aspects of the transaction. Stating the price in a foreign money for one aspect of a transaction does not alone require the use of that money for other aspects of the transaction.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-634) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-634)

Sec. 12-634. Determining money of the claim.

(a) The money in which the parties to a transaction have agreed that payment is to be made is the proper money of the claim for payment.

(b) If the parties to a transaction have not otherwise agreed, the proper money of the claim, as in each case may be appropriate, is the money:

(1) regularly used between the parties as a matter of usage or course of dealing;

(2) used at the time of a transaction in international trade, by trade usage or common practice, for valuing or settling transactions in the particular commodity or service involved; or

(3) in which the loss was ultimately felt or will be incurred by the party claimant.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-635) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-635)

Sec. 12-635. Determining amount of the money of certain contract claims.

(a) If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is measured by a specified amount of a different money, the amount to be paid is determined on the conversion date.

(b) If an amount contracted to be paid in a foreign money is to be measured by a different money at the rate of exchange prevailing on a date before default, that rate of exchange applies only to payments made within a reasonable time after default, not exceeding 30 days. Thereafter, conversion is made at the bank-offered spot rate on the conversion date.

(c) A monetary claim is neither usurious nor unconscionable because the agreement on which it is based provides that the amount of the debtor's obligation to be paid in the debtor's money, when received by the creditor, must equal a specified amount of the foreign money of the country of the creditor. If, because of unexcused delay in payment of a judgment or award, the amount received by the creditor does not equal the amount of the foreign money specified in the agreement, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award accordingly.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-636) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-636)

Sec. 12-636. Asserting and defending foreign-money claim.

(a) A person may assert a claim in a specified foreign money. If a foreign-money claim is not asserted, the claimant makes the claim in United States dollars.

(b) An opposing party may allege and prove that a claim, in whole or in part, is in a different money than that asserted by the claimant.

(c) A person may assert a defense, set-off, recoupment, or counterclaim in any money without regard to the money of other claims.

(d) The determination of the proper money of the claim is a question of law.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-637) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-637)

Sec. 12-637. Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), a judgment or award on a foreign-money claim must be stated in an amount of the money of the claim.

(b) A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim is payable in that foreign money or, at the option of the debtor, in the amount of United States dollars which will purchase that foreign money on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.

(c) Assessed costs must be entered in United States dollars.

(d) Each payment in United States dollars must be accepted and credited on a judgment or award on a foreign-money claim in the amount of the foreign money that could be purchased by the dollars at a bank-offered spot rate of exchange at or near the close of business on the conversion date for that payment.

(e) A judgment or award made in an action or distribution proceeding on both (i) a defense, set-off, recoupment, or counterclaim and (ii) the adverse party's claim, must be netted by converting the money of the smaller into the money of the larger, and by subtracting the smaller from the larger, and specify the rates of exchange used.

(f) A judgment substantially in the following form complies with subsection (a):

IT IS ADJUDGED AND ORDERED, that Defendant (insert name) pay to Plaintiff (insert name) the sum of (insert amount in the foreign money) plus interest on that sum at the rate of (insert rate - see Section 12-639) percent a year or, at the option of the judgment debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the (insert name of foreign money) with interest due, at a bank-offered spot rate at or near the close of business on the banking day next before the day of payment, together with assessed costs of (insert amount) United States dollars.

(g) If a contract claim is of the type covered by Section 12-635(a) or (b), the judgment or award must be entered for the amount of money stated to measure the obligation to be paid in the money specified for payment or, at the option of the debtor, the number of United States dollars which will purchase the computed amount of the money of payment on the conversion date at a bank-offered spot rate.

(h) A judgment must be filed and indexed in foreign money in the same manner, and has the same effect as a lien, as other judgments. It may be discharged by payment.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-638) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-638)

Sec. 12-638. Conversions of foreign money in distribution proceeding. The rate of exchange prevailing at or near the close of business on the day the distribution proceeding is initiated governs all exchanges of foreign money in a distribution proceeding. A foreign-money claimant in a distribution proceeding shall assert its claim in the named foreign money and show the amount of the United States dollars resulting from a conversion as of the date the proceeding was initiated.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-639) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-639)

Sec. 12-639. Pre-judgment and judgment interest.

(a) With respect to a foreign-money claim, recovery of pre-judgment or pre-award interest and the rate of interest to be applied in the action or distribution proceeding, except as provided in subsection (b), are matters of the substantive law governing the right to recovery under the conflict-of-laws rules of this State.

(b) The court or arbitrator shall increase or decrease the amount of pre-judgment or pre-award interest otherwise payable in a judgment or award in foreign-money to the extent required by the law of this State governing a failure to make or accept an offer of settlement or offer of judgment, or conduct by a party or its attorney causing undue delay or expense.

(c) A judgment or award on a foreign-money claim bears interest at the rate applicable to judgments of this State.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-640) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-640)

Sec. 12-640. Enforcement of foreign judgments.

(a) If an action is brought to enforce a judgment of another jurisdiction expressed in a foreign money and the judgment is recognized in this State as enforceable, the enforcing judgment must be entered as provided in Section 12-637, whether or not the foreign judgment confers an option to pay in an equivalent amount of United States dollars.

(b) A foreign judgment may be filed in accordance with any rule or statute of this State providing a procedure for its recognition and enforcement.

(c) A satisfaction or partial payment made upon the foreign judgment, on proof thereof, must be credited against the amount of foreign money specified in the judgment, notwithstanding the entry of judgment in this State.

(d) A judgment entered on a foreign-money claim only in United States dollars in another state must be enforced in this State in United States dollars only.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-641) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-641)

Sec. 12-641. Determining United States dollar value of foreign-money claims for limited purposes.

(a) Computations under this Section are for the limited purposes of the Section and do not affect computation of the United States dollar equivalent of the money of the judgment for the purpose of payment.

(b) For the limited purpose of facilitating the enforcement of provisional remedies in an action, the value in United States dollars of assets to be seized or restrained pursuant to a writ of attachment, garnishment, execution, or other legal process, the amount of United States dollars at issue for assessing costs, or the amount of United States dollars involved for a surety bond or other court-required undertaking, must be ascertained as provided in subsections (c) and (d).

(c) A party seeking process, costs, bond, or other undertaking under subsection (b) shall compute in United States dollars the amount of the foreign money claimed from a bank-offered spot rate prevailing at or near the close of business on the banking day next preceding the filing of a request or application for the issuance of process or for the determination of costs, or an application for a bond or other court-required undertaking.

(d) A party seeking the process, costs, bond, or other undertaking under subsection (b) shall file with each request or application an affidavit or certificate executed in good faith by its counsel or a bank officer, stating the market quotation used and how it was obtained, and setting forth the calculation. Affected court officials incur no liability, after a filing of the affidavit or certificate, for acting as if the judgment were in the amount of United States dollars stated in the affidavit or certificate.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-642) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-642)

Sec. 12-642. Effect of currency revalorization.

(a) If, after an obligation is expressed or a loss is incurred in a foreign money, the country issuing or adopting that money substitutes a new money in place of that money, the obligation or the loss is treated as if expressed or incurred in the new money at the rate of conversion the issuing country establishes for the payment of like obligations or losses denominated in the former money.

(b) If substitution under subsection (a) occurs after a judgment or award is entered on a foreign-money claim, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award by a like conversion of the former money.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-643) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-643)

Sec. 12-643. Supplementary general principles of law. Unless displaced by particular provisions of this Act, the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant, and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating causes supplement its provisions.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-644) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-644)

Sec. 12-644. Uniformity of application and construction. This Act shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this Act among states enacting it.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-645) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-645)

Sec. 12-645. Transitional provision. This Act applies to actions and distribution proceedings commenced after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 86-1291.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-650) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-650)

Sec. 12-650. Short Title. Sections 12-650 through 12-657 of this Act may be cited as the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act.

(Source: P.A. 87-358; 87-895.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-651) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-651)

Sec. 12-651. Definition. As used in Sections 12-650 through 12-657, "foreign judgment" means any judgment, decree, or order of a court of the United States or of any other court which is entitled to full faith and credit in this State.

(Source: P.A. 87-358; 87-895.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-652) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-652)

Sec. 12-652. Filing and Status of Foreign Judgments.

(a) A copy of any foreign judgment authenticated in accordance with the acts of Congress or the statutes of this State may be filed in the office of the circuit clerk for any county of this State. The clerk shall treat the foreign judgment in the same manner as a judgment of the circuit court for any county of this State. A judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses and proceedings for reopening, vacating, or staying as a judgment of a circuit court for any county of this State and may be enforced or satisfied in like manner. A judgment filed or registered under this Act shall be construed to be an original Illinois judgment from the date it is filed with the clerk of the circuit court and for purposes of enforcement and revival, shall be treated in exactly the same manner as an Illinois judgment entered on that same date.

(b) A foreign judgment or lien arising by operation of law, and resulting from an order requiring child support payments shall be entitled to full faith and credit in this State, shall be enforceable in the same manner as any judgment or lien of this State resulting from an order requiring child support payments, and shall not be required to be filed with the office of the circuit clerk in any county of this State, except as provided for in Sections 10-25 and 10-25.5 of the Illinois Public Aid Code.

(c) A foreign order of protection issued by the court of another state, tribe, or United States territory is entitled to full faith and credit in this State, is enforceable in the same manner as any order of protection issued by a circuit court for any county of this State, and may be filed with the circuit clerk in any county of this State as provided in Section 222.5 of the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986 or Section 22.5 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963. A foreign order of protection shall not be required to be filed with the circuit clerk to be entitled to full faith and credit in this State.

(Source: P.A. 97-350, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-653) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-653)

Sec. 12-653. Notice of Filing.

(a) At the time of the filing of the foreign judgment, the judgment creditor or his lawyer shall make and file with the circuit clerk an affidavit setting forth the name and last known post office address of the judgment debtor, and the judgment creditor.

(b) Promptly upon the filing of a foreign judgment (other than a foreign order of protection) and the affidavit, the clerk shall mail notice of the filing of the foreign judgment to the judgment debtor at the address given and shall make a note of the mailing in the docket. The notice shall include the name and post office address of the judgment creditor and the judgment creditor's lawyer, if any, in this State. In addition, the judgment creditor may mail a notice of the filing of the judgment to the judgment debtor and may file proof of mailing with the clerk. Lack of mailing notice of filing by the clerk shall not affect the enforcement proceedings if proof of mailing by the judgment creditor has been filed.

(c) The clerk shall not mail notice of the filing of a foreign order of protection to the respondent named in the order.

(Source: P.A. 91-903, eff. 1-1-01.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-654) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-654)

Sec. 12-654. Stay.

(a) If the judgment debtor shows the circuit court that an appeal from the foreign judgment is pending or will be taken, or that a stay of execution has been granted, the court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the stay of execution expires or is vacated, upon proof that the judgment debtor has furnished the security for the satisfaction of the judgment required by the state in which it was rendered.

(b) If the judgment debtor shows the circuit court any ground upon which enforcement of a judgment of any circuit court for any county of this State would be stayed, the court shall stay enforcement of the foreign judgment for an appropriate period, upon requiring the same security for satisfaction of the judgment which is required in this State.

(Source: P.A. 99-642, eff. 7-28-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-655) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-655)

Sec. 12-655. Fees.

(a) Any person filing a foreign judgment shall pay a fee to the circuit clerk equivalent to the fee which would be required were the person filing a complaint seeking the amount awarded in the foreign judgment. Fees for docketing, transcription or other enforcement proceedings shall be as provided for judgments of the circuit court.

(b) The clerk shall not charge a fee to any person to register a foreign order of protection.

(Source: P.A. 91-903, eff. 1-1-01.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-656) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-656)

Sec. 12-656. Optional Procedure. The right of a judgment creditor to bring an action to enforce his judgment instead of proceeding under this Act remains unimpaired.

(Source: P.A. 87-358; 87-895.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-657) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-657)

Sec. 12-657. Uniformity of Interpretation. This Act shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.

(Source: P.A. 87-358; 87-895.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-661)

Sec. 12-661. Short title. Sections 12-661 through 12-672 may be cited as the Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act. In those Sections, "this Act" means the Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-662)

Sec. 12-662. Definitions. In this Act:

"Foreign country" means a government other than:

(A) the United States;

(B) a state, district, commonwealth, territory, or insular possession of the United States; or

(C) any other government with regard to which the decision in this State as to whether to recognize a judgment of that government's courts is initially subject to determination under the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution.

"Foreign-country judgment" means a judgment of a court of a foreign country.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-663)

Sec. 12-663. Applicability.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), this Act applies to a foreign-country judgment to the extent that the judgment:

(1) grants or denies recovery of a sum of money; and

(2) under the law of the foreign country where rendered, is final, conclusive, and enforceable.

(b) This Act does not apply to a foreign-country judgment, even if the judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, to the extent that the judgment is:

(1) a judgment for taxes;

(2) a fine or other penalty; or

(3) a judgment for divorce, support, or maintenance, or other judgment rendered in connection with domestic relations.

(c) A party seeking recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that this Act applies to the foreign-country judgment.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-664)

Sec. 12-664. Standards for recognition of foreign-country judgment.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a court of this State shall recognize a foreign-country judgment to which this Act applies.

(b) A court of this State may not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:

(1) the judgment was rendered under a judicial system that does not provide impartial tribunals or procedures compatible with the requirements of due process of law;

(2) the foreign court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant; or

(3) the foreign court did not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.

(c) A court of this State need not recognize a foreign-country judgment if:

(1) the defendant in the proceeding in the foreign court did not receive notice of the proceeding in sufficient time to enable the defendant to defend;

(2) the judgment was obtained by fraud that deprived the losing party of an adequate opportunity to present its case;

(3) the judgment or the cause of action on which the judgment is based is repugnant to the public policy of this State or of the United States;

(4) the judgment conflicts with another final and conclusive judgment;

(5) the proceeding in the foreign court was contrary to an agreement between the parties under which the dispute in question was to be determined otherwise than by proceedings in that foreign court;

(6) in the case of jurisdiction based only on personal service, the foreign court was a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action;

(7) the judgment was rendered in circumstances that raise substantial doubt about the integrity of the rendering court with respect to the judgment; or

(8) the specific proceeding in the foreign court leading to the judgment was not compatible with the requirements of due process of law.

(d) A party resisting recognition of a foreign-country judgment has the burden of establishing that a ground for nonrecognition stated in subsection (b) or (c) exists.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-665)

Sec. 12-665. Personal jurisdiction.

(a) A foreign-country judgment may not be refused recognition for lack of personal jurisdiction if:

(1) the defendant was served with process personally in the foreign country;

(2) the defendant voluntarily appeared in the proceeding, other than for the purpose of protecting property seized or threatened with seizure in the proceeding or of contesting the jurisdiction of the court over the defendant;

(3) the defendant, before the commencement of the proceeding, had agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the foreign court with respect to the subject matter involved;

(4) the defendant was domiciled in the foreign country when the proceeding was instituted or was a corporation or other form of business organization that had its principal place of business in, or was organized under the laws of, the foreign country;

(5) the defendant had a business office in the foreign country and the proceeding in the foreign court involved a cause of action arising out of business done by the defendant through that office in the foreign country; or

(6) the defendant operated a motor vehicle or airplane in the foreign country and the proceeding involved a cause of action arising out of that operation.

(b) The list of bases for personal jurisdiction in subsection (a) is not exclusive. The courts of this State may recognize bases of personal jurisdiction other than those listed in subsection (a) as sufficient to support a foreign-country judgment.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-666)

Sec. 12-666. Procedure for recognition of foreign-country judgment.

(a) If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought as an original matter, the issue of recognition shall be raised by filing an action seeking recognition of the foreign-country judgment.

(b) If recognition of a foreign-country judgment is sought in a pending action, the issue of recognition may be raised by counterclaim, cross-claim, or affirmative defense.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-667)

Sec. 12-667. Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgment. If the court in a proceeding under Section 12-666 finds that the foreign-country judgment is entitled to recognition under this Act then, to the extent that the foreign-country judgment grants or denies recovery of a sum of money, the foreign-country judgment is:

(1) conclusive between the parties to the same extent as the judgment of a sister state entitled to full faith and credit in this State would be conclusive; and

(2) enforceable in the same manner and to the same extent as a judgment rendered in this State.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-668)

Sec. 12-668. Stay of proceedings pending appeal of foreign-country judgment. If a party establishes that an appeal from a foreign-country judgment is pending or will be taken, the court may stay any proceedings with regard to the foreign-country judgment until the appeal is concluded, the time for appeal expires, or the appellant has had sufficient time to prosecute the appeal and has failed to do so.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-669)

Sec. 12-669. Statute of limitations. An action to recognize a foreign-country judgment must be commenced within the earlier of the time during which the foreign-country judgment is effective in the foreign country or 15 years from the date that the foreign-country judgment became effective in the foreign country.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-670)

Sec. 12-670. Uniformity of interpretation. In applying and construing this uniform Act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-671)

Sec. 12-671. Saving clause. This Act does not prevent the recognition under principles of comity or otherwise of a foreign-country judgment not within the scope of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-672)

Sec. 12-672. Act application. This Act applies to all actions commenced on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly in which the issue of recognition of a foreign-country judgment is raised.

(Source: P.A. 97-140, eff. 1-1-12.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 7 heading) Part 7. Garnishment

(735 ILCS 5/12-701) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-701)

Sec. 12-701. Affidavit for garnishment; Contents. Upon the filing by a judgment creditor, its attorney or other designee of (1) an affidavit that the affiant believes any person is indebted to the judgment debtor, other than for wages, or has in his or her possession, custody or control any other property belonging to the judgment debtor, or in which the judgment debtor has an interest, which person shall be identified as the garnishee, and includes the last address of the judgment debtor known to the affiant as well as the name of the judgment debtor, (2) the garnishment notice required by Section 12-705, and (3) written interrogatories to be answered by the garnishee with respect to the indebtedness or other property, the clerk of the court in which the judgment was entered shall issue summons against the person named in the affidavit commanding him or her to appear in the court as garnishee and answer the interrogatories in writing under oath. The interrogatories shall require that the garnishee certify that a copy of the completed interrogatories, as specified in subsection (b) of Section 12-707, has been mailed to the judgment debtor and shall be in a form consistent with local court rules.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-702) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-702)

Sec. 12-702. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by 89-364, eff. 1-1-96.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-703) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-703)

Sec. 12-703. Garnishment of administrators and executors. Administrators and executors may be summoned as garnishees regarding indebtedness or other property belonging to any heir or distributee of any estate, but judgment shall not be rendered against an administrator or an executor until an order of distribution is entered by the court which appointed him or her.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-704) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-704)

Sec. 12-704. Exemptions from garnishment. Benefits and refunds payable by pension or retirement funds or systems and any assets of employees held by such funds or systems, and any monies an employee is required to pay to such funds or systems are exempt and are not subject to garnishment under Part 7 of Article XII of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-705) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-705)

Sec. 12-705. Summons.

(a) Summons shall be returnable not less than 21 nor more than 40 days after the date of issuance. Summons with one copy of the interrogatories shall be served and returned as in other civil cases. If the garnishee is served with summons less than 10 days prior to the return date, the court shall continue the case to a new return date 14 days after the return date stated on the summons. The summons shall be in a form consistent with local court rules. The summons shall be accompanied by a copy of the underlying judgment or a certification by the clerk of the court that entered the judgment, or by the attorney for the judgment creditor, setting forth the amount of the judgment, the name of the court and the number of the case and one copy of a garnishment notice in substantially the following form:

"GARNISHMENT NOTICE

(Name and address of Court)

Name of Case: (Name of Judgment Creditor),

Judgment Creditor v.

(Name of Judgment Debtor),

Judgment Debtor.

Address of Judgment Debtor: (Insert last known address)

Name and address of Attorney for Judgment

Creditor or of Judgment Creditor (If no

attorney is listed): (Insert name and address)

Amount of Judgment: $(Insert amount)

Name of Garnishee: (Insert name)

Return Date: (Insert return date specified in summons)

NOTICE: The court has issued a garnishment summons against the garnishee named above for money or property (other than wages) belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has an interest. The garnishment summons was issued on the basis of a judgment against the judgment debtor in favor of the judgment creditor in the amount stated above.

The amount of money or property (other than wages) that may be garnished is limited by federal and Illinois law. The judgment debtor has the right to assert statutory exemptions against certain money or property of the judgment debtor which may not be used to satisfy the judgment in the amount stated above.

Under Illinois or federal law, the exemptions of personal property owned by the debtor include the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $4,000 in value, in any personal property as chosen by the debtor; Social Security and SSI benefits; public assistance benefits; unemployment compensation benefits; workers' compensation benefits; veterans' benefits; circuit breaker property tax relief benefits; the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $2,400 in value, in any one motor vehicle, and the debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $1,500 in value, in any implements, professional books or tools of the trade of the debtor.

The judgment debtor may have other possible exemptions from garnishment under the law.

The judgment debtor has the right to request a hearing before the court to dispute the garnishment or to declare exempt from garnishment certain money or property or both. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of 1,000,000 or more, the judgment debtor must notify the Clerk of the Court in person and in writing at (insert address of Clerk) before the return date specified above or appear in court on the date and time on that return date. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of less than 1,000,000, the judgment debtor must notify the Clerk of the Court in writing at (insert address of Clerk) on or before the return date specified above. The Clerk of the Court will provide a hearing date and the necessary forms that must be prepared by the judgment debtor or the attorney for the judgment debtor and sent to the judgment creditor and the garnishee regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail."

(b) An officer or other person authorized by law to serve process shall serve the summons, interrogatories and the garnishment notice required by subsection (a) of this Section upon the garnishee and shall, (1) within 2 business days of the service upon the garnishee, mail a copy of the garnishment notice and the summons to the judgment debtor by first class mail at the judgment debtor's address indicated in the garnishment notice and (2) within 4 business days of the service upon the garnishee file with the clerk of the court a certificate of mailing in substantially the following form: "CERTIFICATE OF MAILING I hereby certify that, within 2 business days of service upon the garnishee of the garnishment summons, interrogatories and garnishment notice, I served upon the judgment debtor in this cause a copy of the garnishment summons and garnishment notice by first class mail to the judgment debtor's address as indicated in the garnishment notice.

Date:............ .........................

Signature"

In the case of service of the summons for garnishment upon the garnishee by certified or registered mail, as provided in subsection (c) of this Section, no sooner than 2 business days nor later than 4 business days after the date of mailing, the clerk shall mail a copy of the garnishment notice and the summons to the judgment debtor by first class mail at the judgment debtor's address indicated in the garnishment notice, shall prepare the Certificate of Mailing described by this subsection, and shall include the Certificate of Mailing in a permanent record.

(c) In a county with a population of less than 1,000,000, unless otherwise provided by circuit court rule, at the request of the judgment creditor or his or her attorney and instead of personal service, service of a summons for garnishment may be made as follows:

(1) For each garnishee to be served, the judgment creditor or his or her attorney shall pay to the clerk of the court a fee of $2, plus the cost of mailing, and furnish to the clerk an original and 2 copies of a summons, an original and one copy of the interrogatories, an affidavit setting forth the garnishee's mailing address, an original and 2 copies of the garnishment notice required by subsection (a) of this Section, and a copy of the judgment or certification described in subsection (a) of this Section. The original judgment shall be retained by the clerk.

(2) The clerk shall mail to the garnishee, at the address appearing in the affidavit, the copy of the judgment or certification described in subsection (a) of this Section, the summons, the interrogatories, and the garnishment notice required by subsection (a) of this Section, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, showing to whom delivered and the date and address of delivery. This Mailing shall be mailed on a "restricted delivery" basis when service is directed to a natural person. The envelope and return receipt shall bear the return address of the clerk, and the return receipt shall be stamped with the docket number of the case. The receipt for certified or registered mail shall state the name and address of the addressee, the date of the mailing, shall identify the documents mailed, and shall be attached to the original summons.

(3) The return receipt must be attached to the original summons and, if it shows delivery at least 10 days before the day for the return date, shall constitute proof of service of any documents identified on the return receipt as having been mailed.

(4) The clerk shall note the fact of service in a permanent record.

(d) The garnishment summons may be served and returned in the manner provided by Supreme Court Rule for service, otherwise than by publication, of a notice for additional relief upon a party in default.

(Source: P.A. 101-191, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-706) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-706)

Sec. 12-706. Conditional judgment.

(a) When any person summoned as garnishee fails to appear and answer as required by Part 7 of Article XII of this Act, the court may enter a conditional judgment against the garnishee for the amount due upon the judgment against the judgment debtor. A summons to confirm the conditional judgment may issue against the garnishee, to be served and returned in the same manner as provided by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 105, otherwise than by publication, of a notice for additional relief upon a party in default, commanding the garnishee to show cause why the judgment should not be made final. If the garnishee, after being served with summons to confirm the conditional judgment or after being notified as provided in subsection (b) hereof, fails to appear and answer, the court shall confirm such judgment to the amount of the judgment against the judgment debtor and award costs. If the garnishee appears and answers, the same proceedings may be had as in other cases.

(b) If any garnishee becomes a non-resident, goes out of this State, or is concealed within this State so that the summons to confirm the conditional judgment cannot be served upon him or her, upon the filing by the plaintiff or his or her agent of an affidavit as in cases of non-resident defendants in attachments, the garnishee may be notified in the same manner as a non-resident defendant in attachment; and upon notice being given to him or her as above stated, he or she may be proceeded against in the same manner as if he or she had been personally served with summons to confirm the conditional judgment.

(Source: P.A. 101-191, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-707) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-707)

Sec. 12-707. Duties of garnishee.

(a) To the extent of the amount due upon the judgment and costs, the garnishee shall hold, subject to the order of the court any non-exempt indebtedness or other non-exempt property in his or her possession, custody or control belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has any interest. The judgment or balance due thereon becomes a lien on the indebtedness and other property held by the garnishee at the time of the service of garnishment summons and remains a lien thereon pending the garnishment proceeding.

(b) The garnishee shall file, on or before the return date, or within the further time that the court for cause may allow, a written answer under oath to the interrogatories, setting forth as of the date of service of the garnishment summons any indebtedness due or to become due to the judgment debtor and any other property in his, her or its possession, custody or control belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has an interest. The garnishee shall mail, by first class mail, a copy of the answer to the judgment creditor or its attorney and to the judgment debtor at the address specified in the affidavit filed under Section 12-701 of this Act, or at any other address or location of the judgment debtor known to the garnishee, and shall certify in the answer that it was so mailed to the judgment debtor.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-708) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-708)

Sec. 12-708. Deductions and set-offs of garnishee. The garnishee is entitled to assert against the indebtedness due to the judgment debtor offsetting claims against either or both the judgment creditor and the judgment debtor, whether due at the time of service of the garnishment summons or thereafter to become due and whether liquidated or unliquidated, except claims for unliquidated damages for actions sounding in tort. To the extent that other property belonging to the judgment debtor or in which the judgment debtor has an interest is pledged to or held by the garnishee in good faith as security or that the garnishee has other just claim against the other property, the garnishee is entitled to retain the other property. The garnishee is liable for the balance of the indebtedness due to the judgment debtor after the offsetting claims are adjusted and for the balance of other property after deducting property to which the garnishee has just claim. The verdict or finding and judgment shall show the amount of offsetting claims or deductions allowed against each party.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-709) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-709)

Sec. 12-709. Negotiable paper. No person shall be liable as a garnishee by reason of having drawn, accepted, made or endorsed a negotiable instrument in the possession of the judgment debtor at the time of either (1) service of the garnishment summons or (2) entry of judgment when the negotiable instrument is not due.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-710) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-710)

Sec. 12-710. Adverse claims; Trial.

(a) In the event any indebtedness or other property due from or in the possession of a garnishee is claimed by any other person, the court shall permit the claimant to appear and maintain his or her claim. A claimant not voluntarily appearing shall be served with notice as the court shall direct. If a claimant fails to appear after being served with notice in the manner directed, he or she shall be concluded by the judgment entered in the garnishment proceeding.

(b) If the adverse claimant appears and, within the time the court allows, files his or her claim and serves a copy thereof upon the judgment creditor, the judgment debtor, and the garnishee, he or she is then a party to the garnishment proceeding; and his or her claim shall be tried and determined with the other issues in the garnishment action. Upon certification by the Department of Healthcare and Family Services (formerly Illinois Department of Public Aid) that a person who is receiving support payments under this Section is a public aid recipient, any support payments subsequently received by the clerk of the court shall be transmitted to the Department until the Department gives notice to cease such transmittal. If the adverse claimant is entitled to all or part of the indebtedness or other property, the court shall enter judgment in accordance with the interests of the parties.

(c) Claims for the support of a spouse or dependent children shall be superior to all other claims for garnishment of property.

(Source: P.A. 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-711) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-711)

Sec. 12-711. Contest of answer and trial.

(a) The judgment creditor or the judgment debtor may contest the truth or sufficiency of the garnishee's answer and the court shall immediately, unless for good cause the hearing is postponed, proceed to try the issues. The answer of the garnishee shall be considered denied without further pleading.

(b) At any time on or before the return date, the judgment debtor may request a hearing to dispute the garnishment or to seek exemptions for certain moneys or property by notifying the clerk of the court before that time, using forms as may be provided by the clerk of the court. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of 1,000,000 or more, the judgment debtor must notify the clerk of the court in person and in writing at the clerk's office before the return date specified in the summons, or appear in court on the date and time specified in the summons. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of less than 1,000,000, the judgment debtor must notify the clerk of the court in writing at the clerk's office on or before the return date specified in the summons. The clerk of the court will provide a prompt hearing date and the necessary forms that must be prepared by the judgment debtor or the attorney for the judgment debtor and sent to the judgment creditor and the garnishee, or their attorneys, regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail. At the hearing the court shall immediately, unless for good cause the hearing is continued, proceed to try the issues.

(c) The trial shall be conducted as in other civil cases.

(d) If the finding or verdict is against a garnishee, appropriate judgment or other orders shall be entered against the garnishee and in favor of the judgment debtor to whom the garnishee is indebted, or for whom the garnishee holds property, for the use of the judgment creditor, in the same manner as if the facts are admitted.

(e) No garnishment order shall be entered in favor of the judgment creditor unless the certificate of mailing required by subsection (b) of Section 12-705 is filed and the garnishee's answer to the interrogatories certifies that a copy of the answer was mailed to the judgment debtor in accordance with Section 12-707 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-712) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-712)

Sec. 12-712. Effect of judgment - Discharge no bar. Judgment against a garnishee shall be enforceable as in other civil cases and shall discharge the garnishee of all claims by the judgment debtor for the indebtedness or other property paid, delivered or accounted for by the garnishee by virtue of the judgment in garnishment. The discharge of a garnishee is no bar to an action by the judgment debtor for the same claim.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-713) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-713)

Sec. 12-713. No judgment until debt due. If the debt from the garnishee to the judgment debtor is not due, judgment shall not be entered against the garnishee until the debt is due, either by the terms of the agreement giving rise thereto or by acceleration as therein provided.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-714) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-714)

Sec. 12-714. Property surrendered in enforcement of a judgment and disposition thereof. (a) A garnishee having property other than money belonging to the judgment debtor, which the garnishee is obligated to deliver to the judgment debtor, shall deliver to the officer holding a certified copy of the judgment for the enforcement thereof against the judgment debtor so much thereof as is necessary to satisfy the amount due upon the judgment and costs.

(b) If mortgaged or pledged property is in the possession of a garnishee, or property is held for the payment of a debt to the garnishee, the judgment creditor may, under order of court, pay or tender the amount due to the garnishee; and the garnishee shall thereupon deliver the property to the officer holding the certified copy of the judgment for the enforcement thereof against the judgment debtor.

(c) Nothing contained in Part 7 of Article XII of this Act shall be construed to prevent the garnishee from selling property in his or her possession for the payment of claims for which it is mortgaged, pledged or otherwise held at any time before the amount due to the garnishee is paid or tendered, if the sale would be authorized as between the garnishee and the judgment debtor.

(d) If property is held for purposes other than to secure the payment of money, and if the promise, condition or other act to be performed can be performed by the judgment creditor without damage to other parties, the court may permit performance by the judgment creditor. Upon performance, or a tender of performance, by the judgment creditor the garnishee shall deliver the property to the officer holding the certified copy of the judgment for the enforcement thereof against the judgment debtor.

(e) Property received by an officer as described in this Section shall be sold in the same manner as if levied upon for the satisfaction of a judgment for the payment of money and from the proceeds of sale the officer shall repay the judgment creditor the amount paid the garnishee for the redemption, with interest, or shall indemnify the judgment creditor for acts done or performed pursuant to order of court in the redemption.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-715) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-715)

Sec. 12-715. Refusal or neglect of garnishee to deliver property. If a garnishee refuses or neglects to deliver property in his or her possession when ordered by the court or upon request by the officer holding a certified copy of the judgment for enforcement thereof against the judgment debtor, the garnishee may be attached and punished for contempt; or the court may enter judgment against the garnishee for the value of the property or the amount due upon the judgment and costs, whichever is the lesser, and have same enforced against the garnishee.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-716) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-716)

Sec. 12-716. Costs and fees.

(a) The costs of obtaining a garnishment order shall be charged to the judgment debtor, unless the court determines, in its discretion, that costs incurred by the judgment creditor were improperly incurred, in which case those costs shall be paid by the judgment creditor.

(b) No fee shall be paid by a garnishee for filing his, her or its appearance, answer or satisfaction of judgment against him, her or it.

(c) No fee shall be paid to a garnishee at the time of service of the garnishment summons or at any time thereafter, unless he or she is subpoenaed to appear as a witness, in which case he or she is entitled to witness fees as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-717) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-717)

Sec. 12-717. Death of garnishee and procedure thereafter. Upon the death of a garnishee, the procedure shall be the same as in the case of the death of a defendant in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-718) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-718)

Sec. 12-718. Powers of court. If the garnishee has in his or her possession, custody or control any property belonging to the defendant or which he or she is obligated to deliver to the defendant, with or without condition, the court may enter all proper orders for the delivery thereof to the proper officer, the sale or disposition of the same, and the discharging of any lien thereon, and may authorize the garnishee to collect any indebtedness or to sell any other property and account for the proceeds. The court, when necessary to further the purposes and provisions of Part 7 of Article XII of this Act, may compel the judgment debtor to do or to refrain from doing any specific act or deed; or the court may appoint a receiver to collect any indebtedness or to take possession, sell or otherwise dispose of any other property, and enter all orders in regard thereto which are necessary and equitable between the parties.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-719) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-719)

Sec. 12-719. Transfer of interest by heir or legatee. No assignment, transfer or other disposition by an heir or distributee of his or her interest in the possession of an administrator or executor shall defeat the garnishment, unless (1) prior to the service of garnishment summons upon the administrator or executor, the transfer or other disposition is reduced to writing and (2) the writing is filed in the office of the clerk of the court appointing the executor or administrator.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 8 heading) Part 8. Wage Deductions

(735 ILCS 5/12-801) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-801)

Sec. 12-801. Definitions. As used in Part 8 of Article XII of this Act:

"Deduction order" means an order entered pursuant to Section 12-811 of this Act.

"Employer" means the person named as employer in the affidavit filed under Section 12-805.

"Federal agency employer" means an agency of the federal government as defined in 5 USC 5520a(a)(1), as amended from time to time.

"Judgment creditor" means the recipient of any judgment, except a judgment by confession which has not been confirmed as provided in Part 8 of Article XII of this Act.

"Judgment debtor" means a person against whom a judgment has been obtained.

"Wages" means any hourly pay, salaries, commissions, bonuses, or other compensation owed by an employer to a judgment debtor.

(Source: P.A. 89-28, eff. 6-23-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-802) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-802)

Sec. 12-802. Force and effect of order. A deduction order entered under Part 8 of Article XII of this Act shall have the force and effect and be enforceable as a judgment.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-803) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-803)

Sec. 12-803. Wages subject to collection. The wages, salary, commissions and bonuses subject to collection under a deduction order, for any work week shall be the lesser of (1) 15% of such gross amount paid for that week or (2) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed 45 times the Federal Minimum Hourly Wage prescribed by Section 206(a)(1) of Title 29 of the United States Code, as amended, or, under a wage deduction summons served on or after January 1, 2006, the minimum hourly wage prescribed by Section 4 of the Minimum Wage Law, whichever is greater, in effect at the time the amounts are payable. This provision (and no other) applies irrespective of the place where the compensation was earned or payable and the State where the employee resides. No amounts required by law to be withheld may be taken from the amount collected by the creditor. The term "disposable earnings" means that part of the earnings of any individual remaining after the deduction from those earnings of any amounts required by law to be withheld.

(Source: P.A. 94-306, eff. 1-1-06; 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-804) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-804)

Sec. 12-804. Exemptions from deduction orders. Benefits and refunds payable by pension or retirement funds or systems and any assets of employees held by such funds or systems, and any monies an employee is required to contribute to such funds or systems are exempt and are not subject to a deduction order under Part 8 of Article XII of this Act. A plan governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 shall be considered a retirement fund for purposes of this Part 8.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-805) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-805)

Sec. 12-805. Summons; Issuance.

(a) Upon the filing by a judgment creditor, its attorney or other designee of (1) an affidavit that the affiant believes any person is indebted to the judgment debtor for wages due or to become due, as provided in Part 8 of Article XII of this Act, and includes the last address of the judgment debtor known to the affiant as well as the name of the judgment debtor, and a certification by the judgment creditor or his attorney that, before filing the affidavit, the wage deduction notice has been mailed to the judgment debtor by first class mail at the judgment debtor's last known address, and (2) written interrogatories to be answered by the employer with respect to the indebtedness, the clerk of the court in which the judgment was entered shall issue summons against the person named in the affidavit as employer commanding the employer to appear in the court and answer the interrogatories in writing under oath. The interrogatories shall elicit all the information necessary to determine the proper amount of non-exempt wages. The interrogatories shall require that the employer certify that a copy of the completed interrogatories as specified in subsection (c) of Section 12-808 has been mailed or hand delivered to the judgment debtor and shall be in a form consistent with local court rules. The summons shall further command federal agency employers, upon effective service of summons pursuant to 5 USC 5520a, to commence to pay over deducted wages in accordance with Section 12-808. The summons shall be in a form consistent with local court rules. The summons shall be accompanied by a copy of the underlying judgment or a certification by the clerk of the court that entered the judgment, or by the attorney for the judgment creditor, setting forth the date and amount of the judgment, allowable costs expended, interest accumulated, credits paid by or on behalf of the judgment debtor and the balance due the judgment creditor, and one copy of a wage deduction notice in substantially the following form: "WAGE DEDUCTION NOTICE (Name and address of Court)

Name of Case: (Name of Judgment Creditor),

Judgment Creditor v.

(Name of Judgment Debtor),

Judgment Debtor.

Address of Judgment Debtor: (Insert last known address)

Name and Address of Attorney for Judgment

Creditor or of Judgment Creditor (if no

attorney is listed): (Insert name and address)

Amount of Judgment: $..........

Employer: (Name of Employer)

Return Date: (Insert return date specified in summons)

NOTICE: The court shall be asked to issue a wage deduction summons against the employer named above for wages due or about to become due to you. The wage deduction summons may be issued on the basis of a judgment against you in favor of the judgment creditor in the amount stated above.

The amount of wages that may be deducted is limited by federal and Illinois law.

(1) Under Illinois law, the amount of wages that may be deducted is limited to the lesser of (i) 15% of gross weekly wages or (ii) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed the total of 45 times the federal minimum hourly wage or, under a wage deduction summons served on or after January 1, 2006, the minimum hourly wage prescribed by Section 4 of the Minimum Wage Law, whichever is greater.

(2) Under federal law, the amount of wages that may be deducted is limited to the lesser of (i) 25% of disposable earnings for a week or (ii) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed 30 times the federal minimum hourly wage.

(3) Pension and retirement benefits and refunds may be claimed as exempt from wage deduction under Illinois law.

You have the right to request a hearing before the court to dispute the wage deduction because the wages are exempt. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of 1,000,000 or more, you must notify the Clerk of the Court in person and in writing at (insert address of Clerk) before the Return Date specified above or appear in court on the date and time on that Return Date. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of less than 1,000,000, you must notify the Clerk of the Court in writing at (insert address of clerk) on or before the Return Date specified above. The Clerk of the Court will provide a hearing date and the necessary forms that must be prepared by you or your attorney and sent to the judgment creditor and the employer, or their attorney, regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail."

(b) In a county with a population of less than 1,000,000, unless otherwise provided by circuit court rule, at the request of the judgment creditor or his or her attorney and instead of personal service, service of a summons for a wage deduction may be made as follows:

(1) For each employer to be served, the judgment creditor or his or her attorney shall pay to the clerk of the court a fee of $2, plus the cost of mailing, and furnish to the clerk an original and one copy of a summons, an original and one copy of the interrogatories and an affidavit setting forth the employer's mailing address, an original and one copy of the wage deduction notice required by subsection (a) of this Section, and a copy of the judgment or certification described in subsection (a) of this Section. The original judgment shall be retained by the clerk.

(2) The clerk shall mail to the employer, at the address appearing in the affidavit, the copy of the judgment or certification described in subsection (a) of this Section, the summons, the interrogatories, and the wage deduction notice required by subsection (a) of this Section, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, showing to whom delivered and the date and address of delivery. This Mailing shall be mailed on a "restricted delivery" basis when service is directed to a natural person. The envelope and return receipt shall bear the return address of the clerk, and the return receipt shall be stamped with the docket number of the case. The receipt for certified or registered mail shall state the name and address of the addressee, the date of the mailing, shall identify the documents mailed, and shall be attached to the original summons.

(3) The return receipt must be attached to the original summons and, if it shows delivery at least 3 days before the return date, shall constitute proof of service of any documents identified on the return receipt as having been mailed.

(4) The clerk shall note the fact of service in a permanent record.

(c) Instead of personal service, a summons for a wage deduction may be served and returned in the manner provided by Supreme Court rule for service, otherwise than by publication, of a notice for additional relief upon a party in default.

(Source: P.A. 94-306, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-806) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-806)

Sec. 12-806. Service and return of summons. Summons shall be returnable not less than 21 nor more than 40 days after the date of issuance. Summons with one copy of the interrogatories and one copy of the judgment or certification and one copy of the wage deduction notice specified in Section 12-805 of this Act shall be served on the employer and returned as in other civil cases as provided by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 105 for service, otherwise than by publication, of a notice for additional relief upon a party in default.

If the employer is served with summons less than 3 days prior to the return date, the court shall continue the case to a new return date not less than 21 days after the service of the summons.

(Source: P.A. 101-191, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-807) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-807)

Sec. 12-807. Failure of employer to appear.

(a) If an employer fails to appear and answer as required by Part 8 of Article XII of this Act, the court may enter a conditional judgment against the employer for the amount due upon the judgment against the judgment debtor. A summons to confirm the conditional judgment may issue against the employer returnable not less than 21 nor more than 40 days after the date of issuance, commanding the employer to show cause why the judgment should not be made final. Service of the summons after conditional judgment shall be as provided by Supreme Court Rule 105 for service, otherwise than by publication, of a notice for additional relief upon a party in default. If the employer, after being served with summons to confirm the conditional judgment or after being notified as provided in subsection (b) hereof, fails to appear and answer, the court shall confirm such judgment to the amount of the judgment against the judgment debtor and award costs. If the employer appears and answers, the same proceedings may be had as in other cases.

(b) If an employer becomes a non-resident, goes out of this State, or is concealed within this State so that the summons to confirm the conditional judgment cannot be served upon him or her, upon the filing by the plaintiff or his or her agent of an affidavit as in cases of non-resident defendants in attachments, the employer may be notified in the same manner as a non-resident defendant in attachment; and upon notice being given to him or her as above stated, he or she may be proceeded against in the same manner as if he or she had been personally served with summons to confirm the conditional judgment.

(Source: P.A. 101-191, eff. 8-2-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-808) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-808)

Sec. 12-808. Duty of employer.

(a) An employer served as herein provided shall pay the employee the amount of his or her exempt wages.

(b) To the extent of the amount due upon the judgment and costs, the employer shall hold, subject to order of court, any non-exempt wages due or which subsequently come due. The judgment or balance due thereon is a lien on wages due at the time of the service of summons, and such lien shall continue as to subsequent earnings until the total amount due upon the judgment and costs is paid, except that such lien on subsequent earnings shall terminate sooner if the employment relationship is terminated or if the underlying judgment is vacated or modified.

(b-5) If the employer is a federal agency employer and the creditor is represented by an attorney, then the employer, upon service of summons and to the extent of the amount due upon the judgment and costs, shall commence to pay over to the attorney for the judgment creditor any non-exempt wages due or that subsequently come due. The attorney for the judgment creditor shall thereafter hold the deducted wages subject to further order of the court and shall make answer to the court regarding amounts received from the federal agency employer. The federal agency employer's periodic payments shall be considered a sufficient answer to the interrogatories.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (b-5), the employer shall file, on or before the return date or within the further time that the court for cause may allow, a written answer under oath to the interrogatories, setting forth the amount due as wages to the judgment debtor for the payroll periods ending immediately prior to the service of the summons and a summary of the computation used to determine the amount of non-exempt wages. Except as provided in subsection (b-5), the employer shall mail by first class mail or hand deliver a copy of the answer to the judgment debtor at the address specified in the affidavit filed under Section 12-805 of this Act, or at any other address or location of the judgment debtor known to the employer.

A lien obtained hereunder shall have priority over any subsequent lien obtained hereunder, except that liens for the support of a spouse or dependent children shall have priority over all other liens obtained hereunder. Subsequent summonses shall be effective in the order in which they are served.

(d) The Illinois Supreme Court may by rule allow an employer to file answers to interrogatories by facsimile transmission.

(e) Pursuant to answer under oath to the interrogatories by the employer, an order shall be entered compelling the employer to deduct from wages of the judgment debtor subject to collection under a deduction order an amount which is the lesser of (i) 15% of the gross amount of the wages or (ii) the amount by which disposable earnings for a week exceed 45 times the Federal Minimum Hourly Wage prescribed by Section 206(a)(1) of Title 29 of the United States Code, as amended, in effect at the time the amounts are payable, for each pay period in which statutory exemptions under Section 12-804 and child support garnishments, if any, leave funds to be remitted or, under a wage deduction summons served on or after January 1, 2006, the minimum hourly wage prescribed by Section 4 of the Minimum Wage Law, whichever is greater. The order shall further provide that deducted wages shall be remitted to the creditor or creditor's attorney on a monthly basis.

(f) If after the entry of a deduction order, the employer ceases to remit funds to the plaintiff pursuant to the order without a lawful excuse (which would terminate the employer's obligation under the deduction order such as the debtor having filed a bankruptcy, the debtor having left employment or the employer having received service of a support order against the judgment debtor having priority over the wage deduction proceedings), the court shall, upon plaintiff's motion, enter a conditional judgment against the employer for the balance due on the judgment. The plaintiff may then issue a Summons After Conditional Judgment. After service of the Summons After Conditional Judgment, the employer may show cause why the conditional judgment, or some portion thereof should not be made a final judgment. If the employer shall fail to respond or show cause why the conditional judgment or some portion thereof should not be made final, the court shall confirm the conditional judgment and make it final as to the employer plus additional court costs.

(Source: P.A. 94-306, eff. 1-1-06; 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-808.5)

Sec. 12-808.5. Certification of judgment balance. Whenever a wage deduction order has not been fully satisfied by the end of the first full calendar quarter following the date of service of the wage deduction summons:

(1) The judgment creditor or his attorney shall prepare a certification that states the amount of the judgment remaining unsatisfied as of the last calendar day of each full calendar quarter for which the wage deduction order continues in effect.

(2) The certification shall be mailed or delivered to the employer by the judgment creditor or his or her attorney within 15 days after the end of each calendar quarter for which the wage deduction order continues in effect. The employer shall hand deliver or mail by first class mail a copy of the certification to the judgment debtor at the judgment debtor's last known address.

(3) In the event that the plaintiff fails to provide the certification required by this Section, the employer must continue to withhold funds from the defendant's wages but may hold the funds without remitting to the plaintiff until such time as it receives a certification required by this Section. A certification of judgment balance need not be filed with the court.

(4) Any party to the wage deduction proceeding may, upon motion with notice to all other parties, ask the court to review the balance due claimed by the judgment creditor.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-809) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-809)

Sec. 12-809. Offsetting claims. The employer is entitled to assert against indebtedness due to the judgment debtor offsetting claims against either or both the judgment creditor and the judgment debtor, whether (1) due at the time of service of the summons or thereafter to become due and (2) liquidated or unliquidated, except demands for unliquidated claims for actions sounding in tort. The employer is liable for the balance of indebtedness due the judgment debtor after the offsetting claims are adjusted. The verdict or finding and judgment shall show the amount of offsetting claims or deductions allowed against each party.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-810) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-810)

Sec. 12-810. Adverse claims. (a) In the event any indebtedness or other property due from or in the possession of an employer is claimed by any other person, the court shall permit the claimant to appear and maintain his or her claim. A claimant not voluntarily appearing shall be served with notice in person or by certified or registered mail. If a claimant fails to appear after being served with notice in the manner directed, he or she shall be concluded by the judgment entered in the proceeding against any claim on the wages involved in that proceeding.

(b) If the adverse claimant appears and, within the time the court allows, files his or her claim and serves a copy thereof upon the judgment creditor and the employer, he or she is then a party to the proceeding, and his or her claim shall be tried and determined with the other issues in the action. If the adverse claimant is entitled to all or part of the indebtedness or other property, the court shall enter judgment in accordance with the interest of the parties.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-811) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-811)

Sec. 12-811. Trial and judgment.

(a) The judgment creditor or the judgment debtor may contest the truth or sufficiency of the employer's answer and, in accordance with local court rules, the court shall immediately, unless for good cause the hearing is postponed, proceed to try the issues. The answer of the employer may be contested without further pleading.

(b) At any time on or before the return date, the judgment debtor may request a hearing to dispute the wage deduction because the wages are exempt by notifying the clerk of court before that time, using forms as may be provided by the clerk of the court. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of 1,000,000 or more, the judgment debtor must notify the clerk of court in person and in writing at the clerk's office before the return date specified in the summons or appear in court on the date and time specified in the summons. To obtain a hearing in counties with a population of less than 1,000,000, the judgment debtor must notify the clerk of the court in writing at the clerk's office on or before the return date specified in the summons. The Clerk of Court will provide a hearing date and the necessary forms that must be prepared by the judgment debtor or the attorney for the judgment debtor and sent to the judgment creditor and the employer, or their attorney, regarding the time and location of the hearing. This notice may be sent by regular first class mail. At the hearing the court shall immediately, unless for good cause the hearing is continued, proceed to try the issues.

(c) The trial shall be conducted as in other civil cases.

(d) If the finding is against an employer, a deduction order shall be entered against the employer and in favor of the judgment debtor to whom the employer is indebted, in the same manner as if the facts are admitted.

(e) No deduction order shall be entered in favor of the judgment creditor unless the affidavit filed by the judgment creditor certifies that a copy of the wage deduction notice has been mailed to the judgment debtor, under Section 12-805, and the employer's answer provides a summary of the computation used to determine the amount of non-exempt wages. If the employer is a federal agency employer, a deduction order shall be entered in favor of the judgment creditor if (i) the affidavit filed by the judgment creditor certifies that a copy of the wage deduction notice has been mailed to the judgment debtor under Section 12-805 and (ii) the federal agency employer identifies, on or with its periodic payments made under subsection (b-5) of Section 12-808, the computation method used to determine the amount of non-exempt wages. A federal agency employer shall not be required to provide a summary of the computation used to determine the amount of non-exempt wages.

(Source: P.A. 89-28, eff. 6-23-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-812) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-812)

Sec. 12-812. Effect of order. A deduction order against an employer shall be enforceable as in other civil cases and shall discharge the employer of all claims by the judgment debtor for the indebtedness paid, delivered or accounted for by the employer by virtue of the order. The discharge of an employer is no bar to an action by the judgment debtor for the same claim.

Entry of the deduction order shall discharge the federal agency employer of all claims by the judgment debtor for the indebtedness paid and delivered by the employer and accounted for by the attorney for the judgment creditor under this Section.

(Source: P.A. 89-28, eff. 6-23-95.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-813) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-813)

Sec. 12-813. Judgment by confession. A judgment by confession without service of process on the defendant shall not be the basis for seeking a deduction order, unless such judgment is confirmed after service of process by a trial de novo, as if such confession of judgment had not been obtained, except that if it appears by the return of the officer on the first summons that the employee is not found, alias summonses subsequently issued may be served upon the employee by leaving a copy thereof with the employee's employer, or leaving a copy thereof at the usual place of business of the employer with his or her superintendent, manager, cashier, general agent or clerk, pursuant to an affidavit filed by the creditor with the clerk of the court stating the identity of the employee's employer, and that the employee is actively employed at the time such alias is sought, and except that if a notice of defense has been filed to a wage assignment as provided in Section 4.1 of "An Act to promote the welfare of wage earners by regulating the assignment of wages, and prescribing a penalty for the violation thereof", approved July 1, 1935, as amended, the debtor may be served by registered or certified mail within 6 months after the filing of such defense on a wage assignment in the action to confirm the judgment by confession and such mailing by the creditor to the address shown on the notice of defense shall constitute service of the summons.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-814) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-814)

Sec. 12-814. Costs and fees.

(a) The costs of obtaining a deduction order shall be charged to the judgment debtor, unless the court determines, in its discretion, that costs incurred by the judgment creditor were improperly incurred, in which case those costs shall be paid by the judgment creditor.

(b) No fee shall be paid by an employer for filing his or her appearance, answer or satisfaction of judgment against him or her.

(c) A fee consisting of 2% of the amount required to be deducted by any deduction order shall be allowed and paid to the employer, and the amount so paid shall be charged to the judgment debtor.

(d) No other fee shall be paid to an employer at the time of service of the summons or at any other time thereafter unless he or she is subpoenaed to appear as a witness, in which case he or she is entitled to witness fees as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-815) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-815)

Sec. 12-815. Death of employer. Upon the death of an employer the procedure shall be the same as in the case of the death of a defendant in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-816) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-816)

Sec. 12-816. Assignment, transfer or other disposition. No assignment, transfer or other disposition by an heir or distributee of his or her interest in the possession of an administrator or executor shall defeat the deduction order, unless (1) prior to the service of summons upon the administrator or executor, the transfer or other disposition is reduced to writing and (2) the writing is filed in the office of the clerk of the court appointing the executor or administrator.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-817) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-817)

Sec. 12-817. Wrongful issuance of summons. If any person wrongfully causes summons to issue for a deduction order, he or she shall be liable to the employee and the employer for all damages occasioned by such action including reasonable attorney's fees, which damages or attorney's fees may be proved in the same action in which the summons was wrongfully issued.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-818) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-818)

Sec. 12-818. Discharge or suspension of employee prohibited. No employer may discharge or suspend any employee by reason of the fact that his or her earnings have been subjected to a deduction order for any one indebtedness. Any person violating this Section shall be guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-819) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-819)

Sec. 12-819. Limitations on Part 8 of Article XII. The provisions of this Part 8 of Article XII of this Act do not apply to orders for withholding of income entered by the court under provisions of The Illinois Public Aid Code, the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, the Non-Support of Spouse and Children Act, the Non-Support Punishment Act, the Revised Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act, the Illinois Parentage Act of 1984, and the Illinois Parentage Act of 2015 for support of a child or maintenance of a spouse.

(Source: P.A. 99-85, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 9 heading) Part 9. Exemption of Homestead

(735 ILCS 5/12-901) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-901)

Sec. 12-901. Amount. Every individual is entitled to an estate of homestead to the extent in value of $15,000 of his or her interest in a farm or lot of land and buildings thereon, a condominium, or personal property, owned or rightly possessed by lease or otherwise and occupied by him or her as a residence, or in a cooperative that owns property that the individual uses as a residence. That homestead and all right in and title to that homestead is exempt from attachment, judgment, levy, or judgment sale for the payment of his or her debts or other purposes and from the laws of conveyance, descent, and legacy, except as provided in this Code or in Section 20-6 of the Probate Act of 1975. This Section is not applicable between joint tenants or tenants in common but it is applicable as to any creditors of those persons. If 2 or more individuals own property that is exempt as a homestead, the value of the exemption of each individual may not exceed his or her proportionate share of $30,000 based upon percentage of ownership.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-902) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-902)

Sec. 12-902. Exemption after death or desertion. Such exemption shall continue after the death of such individual, for the benefit of the spouse surviving, so long as he or she continues to occupy such homestead, and of the children until the youngest child becomes 18 years of age; and in case the spouse deserts his or her family, the exemption shall continue in favor of the one occupying the premises as a residence.

(Source: P.A. 82-783.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-903) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-903)

Sec. 12-903. Extent of exemption. No property shall, by virtue of Part 9 of this Article, be exempt from sale for nonpayment of taxes or assessments, or for a debt or liability incurred for the purchase or improvement thereof, or for enforcement of a lien thereon pursuant to paragraph (g)(1) of Section 9 of the "Condominium Property Act", approved June 20, 1963, as amended, or be exempt from enforcement of an eviction order pursuant to paragraph (a)(7) or (a)(8) of Section 9-102 of this Code.

This amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly is intended as a clarification of existing law and not as a new enactment.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-903.5)

Sec. 12-903.5. Drug asset forfeitures.

(a) The homestead exemption under this Part 9 of Article XII does not apply to property subject to forfeiture under Section 505 of the Illinois Controlled Substances Act, Section 12 of the Cannabis Control Act, Section 85 of the Methamphetamine Control and Community Protection Act, or Section 5 of the Narcotics Profit Forfeiture Act.

(b) This Section applies to actions pending on or commenced on or after the effective date of this Section.

(Source: P.A. 94-556, eff. 9-11-05.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-904) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-904)

Sec. 12-904. Release, waiver or conveyance. No release, waiver or conveyance of the estate so exempted shall be valid, unless the same is in writing, signed by the individual and his or her spouse, if he or she have one, or possession is abandoned or given pursuant to the conveyance; or if the exception is continued to a child or children without the order of a court directing a release thereof; but if a conveyance is made by an individual as grantor to his or her spouse, such conveyance shall be effectual to pass the title expressed therein to be conveyed thereby, whether or not the grantor in such conveyance is joined therein by his or her spouse. In any case where such release, waiver or conveyance is taken by way of mortgage or security, the same shall only be operative as to such specific release, waiver or conveyance; and when the same includes different pieces of land, or the homestead is of greater value than $15,000, the other lands shall first be sold before resorting to the homestead, and in case of the sale of such homestead, if any balance remains after the payment of the debt and costs, such balance shall, to the extent of $15,000 be exempt, and be applied upon such homestead exemption in the manner provided by law.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-905) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-905)

Sec. 12-905. Dissolution of marriage. In case of a dissolution of marriage, the court granting the dissolution of marriage may dispose of the homestead estate according to the equities of the case.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-906) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-906)

Sec. 12-906. Proceeds of sale. When a homestead is conveyed by the owner thereof, such conveyance shall not subject the premises to any lien or incumbrance to which it would not be subject in the possession of such owner; and the proceeds thereof, to the extent of the amount of $15,000, shall be exempt from judgment or other process, for one year after the receipt thereof, by the person entitled to the exemption, and if reinvested in a homestead the same shall be entitled to the same exemption as the original homestead.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-907) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-907)

Sec. 12-907. Insurance proceeds. Whenever a building, exempted as a homestead, is insured in favor of the person entitled to the exemption, and a loss occurs, entitling such person to the insurance, such insurance money shall be exempt to the same extent as the building would have been had it not been destroyed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-908) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-908)

Sec. 12-908. Enforcement of lien. In the enforcement of a lien in the circuit court upon premises, including the homestead, if such right is not waived or released, as provided in Part 9 of Article XII of this Act, the court may set off the homestead and order the sale of the balance of the premises, or, if the value of the premises exceeds the exemption, and the premises cannot be divided, the court may order the sale of the whole and the payment of the amount of the exemption to the person entitled thereto.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-909) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-909)

Sec. 12-909. Bid for less than exempted amount. No sale shall be made of the premises on such judgment unless a greater sum than $15,000 is bid therefor. If a greater sum is not so bid, the judgment may be set aside or modified, or the enforcement of the judgment released, as for lack of property.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-910) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-910)

Sec. 12-910. Proceedings to enforce judgment. If in the opinion of the judgment creditors, or the officer holding a certified copy of a judgment for enforcement against such individuals, the premises claimed by him or her as exempt are worth more than $15,000, such officer shall summon 3 individuals, as commissioners, who shall, upon oath, to be administered to them by the officer, appraise the premises, and if, in their opinion, the property may be divided without damage to the interest of the parties, they shall set off so much of the premises, including the dwelling house, as in their opinion is worth $15,000, and the residue of the premises may be advertised and sold by such officer. Each commissioner shall receive for his or her services the sum of $5 per day for each day necessarily engaged in such service. The officer summoning such commissioners shall receive such fees as may be allowed for serving summons, but shall be entitled to charge mileage for only the actual distance traveled from the premises to be appraised, to the residence of the commissioners summoned. The officer shall not be required to summon commissioners until the judgment creditor, or some one for him or her, shall advance to the officer one day's fees for the commissioners, and unless the creditor shall advance such fees the officer shall not be required to enforce the judgment. The costs of such appraisement shall not be taxed against the judgment debtor unless such appraisement shows that the judgment debtor has property subject to such judgment.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-911) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-911)

Sec. 12-911. Notice to judgment debtor. In case the value of the premises is, in the opinion of the commissioners, more than $15,000, and cannot be divided as is provided for in Section 12-910 of this Act, they shall make and sign an appraisal of the value thereof, and deliver the same to the officer, who shall deliver a copy thereof to the judgment debtor, or to some one of the family of the age of 13 years or upwards, with a notice thereto attached that unless the judgment debtor pays to such officer the surplus over and above $15,000 on the amount due on the judgment within 60 days thereafter, such premises will be sold.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-912) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-912)

Sec. 12-912. Sale of premises - Distribution of proceeds. In case of such surplus, or the amount due on the judgment is not paid within the 60 days, the officer may advertise and sell the premises, and out of the proceeds of such sale pay to such judgment debtor the sum of $15,000, and apply the balance on the judgment.

(Source: P.A. 94-293, eff. 1-1-06.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 10 heading) Part 10. Exemption of Personal Property

(735 ILCS 5/12-1001) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1001)

Sec. 12-1001. Personal property exempt. The following personal property, owned by the debtor, is exempt from judgment, attachment, or distress for rent:

(a) The necessary wearing apparel, bible, school books, and family pictures of the debtor and the debtor's dependents;

(b) The debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $4,000 in value, in any other property;

(c) The debtor's interest, not to exceed $2,400 in value, in any one motor vehicle;

(d) The debtor's equity interest, not to exceed $1,500 in value, in any implements, professional books, or tools of the trade of the debtor;

(e) Professionally prescribed health aids for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor;

(f) All proceeds payable because of the death of the insured and the aggregate net cash value of any or all life insurance and endowment policies and annuity contracts payable to a wife or husband of the insured, or to a child, parent, or other person dependent upon the insured, or to a revocable or irrevocable trust which names the wife or husband of the insured or which names a child, parent, or other person dependent upon the insured as the primary beneficiary of the trust, whether the power to change the beneficiary is reserved to the insured or not and whether the insured or the insured's estate is a contingent beneficiary or not;

(g) The debtor's right to receive:

(1) a social security benefit, unemployment compensation, or public assistance benefit;

(2) a veteran's benefit;

(3) a disability, illness, or unemployment benefit; and

(4) alimony, support, or separate maintenance, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor.

(h) The debtor's right to receive, or property that is traceable to:

(1) an award under a crime victim's reparation law;

(2) a payment on account of the wrongful death of an individual of whom the debtor was a dependent, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor;

(3) a payment under a life insurance contract that insured the life of an individual of whom the debtor was a dependent, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor or a dependent of the debtor;

(4) a payment, not to exceed $15,000 in value, on account of personal bodily injury of the debtor or an individual of whom the debtor was a dependent; and

(5) any restitution payments made to persons pursuant to the federal Civil Liberties Act of 1988 and the Aleutian and Pribilof Island Restitution Act, P.L. 100-383.

For purposes of this subsection (h), a debtor's right to receive an award or payment shall be exempt for a maximum of 2 years after the debtor's right to receive the award or payment accrues; property traceable to an award or payment shall be exempt for a maximum of 5 years after the award or payment accrues; and an award or payment and property traceable to an award or payment shall be exempt only to the extent of the amount of the award or payment, without interest or appreciation from the date of the award or payment.

(i) The debtor's right to receive an award under Part 20 of Article II of this Code relating to crime victims' awards.

(j) Moneys held in an account invested in the Illinois College Savings Pool of which the debtor is a participant or donor and funds invested in an ABLE Account as defined by Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, except the following non-exempt contributions:

(1) any contribution to such account by the debtor as participant or donor that is made with the actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor;

(2) any contributions to such account by the debtor as participant during the 365 day period prior to the date of filing of the debtor's petition for bankruptcy that, in the aggregate during such period, exceed the amount of the annual gift tax exclusion under Section 2503(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in effect at the time of contribution; or

(3) any contributions to such account by the debtor as participant during the period commencing 730 days prior to and ending 366 days prior to the date of filing of the debtor's petition for bankruptcy that, in the aggregate during such period, exceed the amount of the annual gift tax exclusion under Section 2503(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, in effect at the time of contribution.

For purposes of this subsection (j), "account" includes all accounts for a particular designated beneficiary, of which the debtor is a participant or donor.

Money due the debtor from the sale of any personal property that was exempt from judgment, attachment, or distress for rent at the time of the sale is exempt from attachment and garnishment to the same extent that the property would be exempt had the same not been sold by the debtor.

If a debtor owns property exempt under this Section and he or she purchased that property with the intent of converting nonexempt property into exempt property or in fraud of his or her creditors, that property shall not be exempt from judgment, attachment, or distress for rent. Property acquired within 6 months of the filing of the petition for bankruptcy shall be presumed to have been acquired in contemplation of bankruptcy.

The personal property exemptions set forth in this Section shall apply only to individuals and only to personal property that is used for personal rather than business purposes. The personal property exemptions set forth in this Section shall not apply to or be allowed against any money, salary, or wages due or to become due to the debtor that are required to be withheld in a wage deduction proceeding under Part 8 of this Article XII.

(Source: P.A. 100-922, eff. 1-1-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1002) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1002)

Sec. 12-1002. Schedule of property. It shall not be necessary for the debtor against whom a judgment or attachment was entered or distress warrant was issued to make a schedule of his or her personal property to enable him or her to secure the exemption and to retain the property enumerated in paragraph (b) of Section 12-1001 of this Act, but whenever any debtor against whom a judgment or attachment was entered or distress warrant was issued, desires to avail himself or herself of the benefit of this Act to make a selection of certain household furniture (in case such property is worth more than the amount he or she is entitled to retain) or to select other personal property instead of household furniture or to select part household furniture and part other personal property he or she shall, within 10 days after a copy of the judgment, attachment or distress warrant is served upon him or her in the same manner as summonses are served in other civil cases, such copies of the judgment, attachment or distress warrant to have endorsed thereon a notice signed by the officer having such document, notifying the debtor that he or she must file a schedule of his or her property within 10 days from the service thereof in order to claim his or her exemption under Part 10 of Article XII of this Act, whereupon the debtor shall make a schedule of all his or her personal property of every kind and character, including money on hand and debts due and owing to the debtor and shall deliver the same to the officer having the certified copy of the judgment, attachment or distress warrant, or file the same in the court which entered the document, which schedule shall be subscribed and sworn to by the debtor, and any property owned by the debtor, and not included in such schedule shall not be exempt, and thereupon the court which entered the judgment or attachment or issued the distress warrant shall summon 3 householders, who, after being duly sworn to fairly and impartially appraise the property of the debtor, shall fix a fair valuation upon each article contained in such schedule, and the debtor shall then select from such schedule the articles he or she may desire to retain, the aggregate value of which shall not exceed the amount exempted, to which he or she may be entitled, and deliver the remainder to the officer having the document; and the officer having such document is authorized to administer the oaths required herein of the debtor and appraisers. In case no schedule is filed, it shall be the duty of the officer to exempt and disregard the articles enumerated in paragraphs (a), (e), (f), (g) and (h) of Section 12-1001 of this Act and the personal property if it is worth not more than the amount the debtor is entitled to have exempted under paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of Section 12-1001 of this Act and if the personal property is worth more than the amount of the exemption to which the debtor is entitled, the court which entered the judgment or the attachment order or the distress warrant issued shall secure a fair and impartial appraisal of the personal property in the same manner as all the personal property is appraised when a schedule is filed, and after such valuation, such officer shall select and exempt personal property to the amount to which the debtor is entitled to retain. When the judgment debtor has presented a sufficient schedule of all his or her personal estate, the return of such judgment unsatisfied, shall not render it necessary for such judgment debtor, for the purpose of availing himself or herself of the benefits of the exemption laws of this state, to present an additional schedule unless additional property has been acquired, before 90 days from the date of the issuance of the certified copy of the judgment.

(Source: P.A. 83-968.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1003) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1003)

Sec. 12-1003. When family entitled to exemptions. When the head of a family dies, deserts or does not reside with the same, the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and privileges which are by Part 10 of Article XII of this Act conferred upon the head of a family residing with the same.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1004) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1004)

Sec. 12-1004. Judgment for wages. No personal property shall be exempt from levy of attachment or judgment if the debt or judgment is for the wages of any laborer or employee, providing the court entering judgment finds that the claim sued for is for wages due such person as laborer or employee, which finding shall be expressly stated in the judgment.

(Source: P.A. 83-1362.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1005) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1005)

Sec. 12-1005. Liability for seizing exempt property. If any officer by virtue of any judgment or process, or any other person by any right of distress takes or seizes any of the articles of property exempted from levy and sale, as provided in Part 10 of Article XII of this Act, such officer or person shall be liable in a civil action to the party damaged for double the value of the property so illegally taken or seized and costs of the action.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1006) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1006)

Sec. 12-1006. Exemption for retirement plans.

(a) A debtor's interest in or right, whether vested or not, to the assets held in or to receive pensions, annuities, benefits, distributions, refunds of contributions, or other payments under a retirement plan is exempt from judgment, attachment, execution, distress for rent, and seizure for the satisfaction of debts if the plan (i) is intended in good faith to qualify as a retirement plan under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as now or hereafter amended, or (ii) is a public employee pension plan created under the Illinois Pension Code, as now or hereafter amended.

(b) "Retirement plan" includes the following:

(1) a stock bonus, pension, profit sharing, annuity, or similar plan or arrangement, including a retirement plan for self-employed individuals or a simplified employee pension plan;

(2) a government or church retirement plan or contract;

(3) an individual retirement annuity or individual retirement account; and

(4) a public employee pension plan created under the Illinois Pension Code, as now or hereafter amended.

(c) A retirement plan that is (i) intended in good faith to qualify as a retirement plan under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as now or hereafter amended, or (ii) a public employee pension plan created under the Illinois Pension Code, as now or hereafter amended, is conclusively presumed to be a spendthrift trust under the law of Illinois.

(d) This Section applies to interests in retirement plans held by debtors subject to bankruptcy, judicial, administrative or other proceedings pending on or filed after August 30, 1989.

(Source: P.A. 86-393; 86-1329.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 11 heading) Part 11. Garnishment in Violation of Exemption

(735 ILCS 5/12-1101) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1101)

Sec. 12-1101. Sending claim out of State. Whoever, whether principal, agent or attorney, with intent thereby to deprive any bona fide resident of the State of Illinois of his or her rights, under the statutes of Illinois on the subject of the exemption of property from levy and sale on a judgment, or in attachment or garnishment, sends, or causes to be sent out of the State of Illinois any claim for a debt to be collected by proceedings in attachment, garnishment, or other process, when the creditor, debtor or person, or corporation owing for the earnings intended to be reached by such proceedings in attachment are each and all within the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Illinois, shall be guilty of a petty offense and fined for each and every claim so sent in any sum not less than $10 nor more than $50.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/12-1102) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1102)

Sec. 12-1102. Assignment or transfer of claim. Whoever, either directly or indirectly, assigns or transfers any claim for a debt against a citizen of Illinois, for the purpose of having the same collected by proceedings in attachment, garnishment, or other process, out of the wages or personal earnings of the debtor, in courts outside of the State of Illinois, when the creditor, debtor, person or corporation owing the money intended to be reached by the proceedings in attachment are each and all within the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Illinois, is guilty of a petty offense.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 12 heading) Part 12. Exemption in Bankruptcy

(735 ILCS 5/12-1201) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1201)

Sec. 12-1201. Bankruptcy exemption. In accordance with the provision of Section 522(b) of the Bankruptcy Code of 1978, (11 U.S.C. 522(b)), residents of this State shall be prohibited from using the federal exemptions provided in Section 522(d) of the Bankruptcy Code of 1978 (11 U.S.C. 522(d)), except as may otherwise be permitted under the laws of Illinois.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XII Pt. 14 heading) Part 14. Orders to Take into Custody

(735 ILCS 5/12-1401) (from Ch. 110, par. 12-1401)

Sec. 12-1401. Orders to Take Into Custody. In any civil case where an order issues to take any person into custody for any reason, the order shall contain, if known, the name, date of birth, sex, physical description, and last known address of the person to be taken into custody. It shall also contain a statement of the reason the person is to be taken into custody and the date of issuance. However, nothing herein shall impose a duty upon the court to discern or seek out any of the information relating to the date of birth, sex, physical description, or last known address of the person to be taken into custody which is not provided by a litigant. Moreover, no order is invalid by reason of its failure to contain any of the information specified herein except as otherwise required by law.

(Source: P.A. 84-942.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIII heading) ARTICLE XIII LIMITATIONS

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIII Pt. 1 heading) Part 1. Real Actions

(735 ILCS 5/13-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-101)

Sec. 13-101. Twenty years - Recovery of land. No person shall commence an action for the recovery of lands, nor make an entry thereon, unless within 20 years after the right to bring such action or make such entry first accrued, or within 20 years after he, she or those from, by, or under whom he or she claims, have acquired title or possession of the premises, except as provided in Sections 13-102 through 13-122 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-102)

Sec. 13-102. Breach of condition subsequent. No person shall commence an action for the recovery of lands, nor make an entry thereon, by reason of the breach of a condition subsequent, unless within 7 years after the time that condition is first broken. Continuing, successive or recurring breaches shall not extend the time for commencing the action or making the entry. Possession shall be deemed to be adverse and hostile from and after the first breach of a condition subsequent, notwithstanding the occurrence of successive or recurrent breaches.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-103)

Sec. 13-103. Termination of estate upon limitation. No person shall commence an action for the recovery of lands, nor make an entry thereon, by reason of the termination of an estate upon limitation or of an estate upon conditional limitation, unless within 7 years after the termination.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-104)

Sec. 13-104. Under mortgage or lease. Nothing in Sections 13-102 and 13-103 of this Act affects the time for the enforcement of any right under or by virtue of a mortgage or lease.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-105)

Sec. 13-105. Twenty years - Computation. If such right or title first accrued to an ancestor or predecessor of the person who brings the action or makes the entry, or to any person from, by, or under whom he or she claims, the 20 years shall be computed from the time when the right or title so first accrued.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-106)

Sec. 13-106. Accrual of right of entry or to bring action. The right to make an entry or bring an action to recover land shall be deemed to have first accrued at the times respectively hereinafter provided:

(a) When any person is wrongfully ousted from possession, his or her right of entry or of action shall be deemed to have accrued at the time of such wrongful ouster.

(b) When he or she claims as heir or legatee of an owner in possession who died, his or her right shall be deemed to have accrued at the time of such death, unless there is an estate intervening after the death of such ancestor or testator; in which case his or her right shall be deemed to accrue when such intermediate estate expires, or when it would have expired by its own limitations.

(c) When there is such an intermediate estate, and in all other cases when the party claims by force of any remainder or reversion, his or her right, so far as it is affected by the limitation herein prescribed, shall be deemed to accrue when the intermediate or precedent estate would have expired by its own limitation, notwithstanding any forfeiture thereof for which he or she might have entered at an earlier time.

(d) Paragraph (c) of this Section shall not prevent a person from entering when entitled to do so by reason of any forfeiture or breach of condition; but if he or she claims under such a title, his or her right shall be deemed to have accrued when the forfeiture was incurred or the condition was broken.

(e) In all cases not otherwise specially provided for, the right shall be deemed to have accrued when the claimant, or the person under whom he or she claims, first became entitled to the possession of the premises under the title upon which the entry or the action is founded.

(Source: P.A. 84-549.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-107)

Sec. 13-107. Seven years with possession and record title. Except as provided in Section 13-107.1, actions brought for the recovery of any lands, tenements or hereditaments of which any person may be possessed by actual residence thereon for 7 successive years, having a connected title, deductible of record, from this State or the United States, or from any public officer or other person authorized by the laws of this State to sell such land for the non-payment of taxes, or from any sheriff, marshal, or other person authorized to sell such land for the enforcement of a judgment or under any order or judgment of any court shall be brought within 7 years next after possession is taken, but when the possessor acquires such title after taking such possession, the limitation shall begin to run from the time of acquiring title.

(Source: P.A. 100-1048, eff. 8-23-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-107.1)

Sec. 13-107.1. Two years with possession and record title derived from a judicial foreclosure sale.

(a) Actions brought for the recovery of any lands, tenements, or hereditaments of which any person may be possessed for 2 successive years, having a connected title, deductible of record, as a purchaser at a judicial foreclosure sale, other than a mortgagee, who takes possession pursuant to a court order under the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law, or a purchaser who acquires title from a mortgagee or a purchaser at a judicial foreclosure sale who received title and took possession pursuant to a court order, shall be brought within 2 years after possession is taken. When the purchaser acquires title and has taken possession, the limitation shall begin to run from the date a mortgagee or a purchaser at a judicial foreclosure sale takes possession pursuant to a court order under the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law or Article IX of this Code. The vacation or modification, pursuant to the provisions of Section 2-1401, of an order or judgment entered in the judicial foreclosure does not affect the limitation in this Section.

(b) This Section applies to actions filed on or after 180 days after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 100-1048, eff. 8-23-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-108)

Sec. 13-108. Right extended to heirs. The heirs, legatees and assigns of the person having such title and possession, shall have the same benefit of the preceding Section as the person from whom the possession is derived.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-109)

Sec. 13-109. Payment of taxes with color of title. Except as provided in Section 13-109.1, every person in the actual possession of lands or tenements, under claim and color of title, made in good faith, and who for 7 successive years continues in such possession, and also, during such time, pays all taxes legally assessed on such lands or tenements, shall be held and adjudged to be the legal owner of such lands or tenements, to the extent and according to the purport of his or her paper title. All persons holding under such possession, by purchase, legacy or descent, before such 7 years have expired, and who continue such possession, and continue to pay the taxes as above set forth so as to complete the possession and payment of taxes for the term above set forth, are entitled to the benefit of this Section.

(Source: P.A. 100-1048, eff. 8-23-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-109.1)

Sec. 13-109.1. Payment of taxes with color of title derived from judicial foreclosure. Every person in the actual possession of lands or tenements, under claim and color of title, as a purchaser at a judicial foreclosure sale, other than a mortgagee, who takes possession pursuant to a court order under the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law, or a purchaser who acquires title from a mortgagee or a purchaser at a judicial foreclosure sale who received title and took possession pursuant to such a court order, and who for 2 successive years continues in possession, and also, during such time, pays all taxes legally assessed on the lands or tenements, shall be held and adjudged to be the legal owner of the lands or tenements, to the extent and according to the purport of his or her paper title. All persons holding under such possession, by purchase, legacy, or descent, before such 2 years have expired, and who continue possession, and continue to pay the taxes as above set forth so as to complete the possession and payment of taxes for the term above set forth, are entitled to the benefit of this Section. The vacation or modification, pursuant to the provisions of Section 2-1401, of an order or judgment entered in the judicial foreclosure does not affect the limitation in this Section.

This Section applies to actions filed on or after 180 days after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 100-1048, eff. 8-23-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-110)

Sec. 13-110. Vacant land - Payment of taxes with color of title. Whenever a person having color of title, made in good faith, to vacant and unoccupied land, pays all taxes legally assessed thereon for 7 successive years, he or she shall be deemed and adjudged to be the legal owner of such vacant and unoccupied land, to the extent and according to the purport of his or her paper title. All persons holding under such taxpayer, by purchase, legacy or descent, before such 7 years expired, and who continue to pay the taxes, as above set out, so as to complete the payment of taxes for the term, are entitled to the benefit of this Section. However, if any person, having a better paper title to such vacant and unoccupied land, during the term of 7 years, pays the taxes assessed on such land for any one or more years of the term of 7 years, then such taxpayer, his or her heirs, legatees or assigns, shall not be entitled to the benefit of this Section.

(Source: P.A. 98-756, eff. 7-16-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-111)

Sec. 13-111. State and United States. Sections 13-109 and 13-110 of this Act shall not extend to lands or tenements owned by the United States or of this State, nor to school and seminary lands, nor to lands held for the use of religious societies, nor to lands held for any public purpose. Nor shall they extend to lands or tenements when there is an adverse title to such lands or tenements, and the holder of such adverse title is a minor, person under legal disability, imprisoned, out of the limits of the United States, and in the employment of the United States or of this State. Such person shall commence an action to recover such lands or tenements so possessed, as above set out, within 3 years after the several disabilities herein enumerated cease to exist, and shall prosecute such action to judgment, or in case of vacant and unoccupied land, shall, within the time last set out, pay to the person or persons who have paid the same, all the taxes, with interest thereon, at the rate of 12% per annum, that have been paid on such vacant and unimproved land.

The exceptions provided in this Section shall not apply to the provisions of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-112)

Sec. 13-112. Minors and persons under legal disability. If, at the time when such right of entry or of action upon or for lands first accrues, the person entitled to such entry or action is a minor, or person under legal disability, imprisoned or absent from the United States in the service of the United States or of this State, such person or any one claiming from, by or under him or her, may make the entry or bring the action at any time within 2 years after such disability is removed, notwithstanding the time before limited in that behalf has expired.

The exceptions provided in this Section shall not apply to the provisions of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-113)

Sec. 13-113. Extension to heirs. If the person first entitled to make entry or bring such action dies during the continuance of any of the disabilities mentioned in Section 13-112 of this Act, and no determination or judgment has been had of or upon the title, right or action which accrued to him or her, the entry may be made or the action brought by his or her heirs or any person claiming from, by or under him or her at any time within 2 years after his or her death, notwithstanding the time before limited in that behalf has expired.

The exceptions provided in this Section shall not apply to the provisions of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 90-655, eff. 7-30-98.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-114)

Sec. 13-114. Seventy-five year limitation. No deed, will, estate, proof of heirship, plat, affidavit or other instrument or document, or any court proceeding, order or judgment, or any agreement, written or unwritten, sealed or unsealed, or any fact, event, or statement, or any part or copy of any of the foregoing, relating to or affecting the title to real estate in the State of Illinois, which happened, was administered, or was executed, dated, delivered, recorded or entered into more than 75 years prior to July 1, 1872, or such subsequent date as the same is offered, presented, urged, claimed, asserted, or appears against any person hereafter becoming interested in the title to any real estate, or to any agent or attorney thereof, shall adversely to the party or parties hereafter coming into possession of such real estate under claim or color of title or persons claiming under him, her or them, constitute notice, either actual or constructive of any right, title, interest or claim in and to such real estate, or any part thereof, or be, or be considered to be evidence or admissible in evidence or be held or urged to make any title unmarketable in part or in whole, or be required or allowed to be alleged or proved as a basis for any action, or any statutory proceeding affecting directly or indirectly the title to such real estate.

The limitation of this Section, however, shall be deferred from and after the expiration of such 75 year period for an additional period of 10 years, if a claim in writing in and to real estate therein particularly described, incorporating the terms or substance of any such deed, will, estate, proof of heirship, plat, affidavit, or other instrument or document, or any court proceeding, order or judgment or any agreement, written or unwritten, sealed or unsealed, or any fact, event or statement, or any part or copy thereof in such claim, is filed in the office of the recorder in the county or counties in which such real estate is located:

1. within 3 years prior to the expiration of such 75 year period; or

2. after the expiration of such 75 year period, by a minor or a claimant under a legal disability who became under such disability during such 75 year period and within 2 years after the disability of such minor or of the claimant a under legal disability has been removed; or

3. after the expiration of such 75 year period, by a guardian of a minor or person who was determined by a court to be under a legal disability during such 75 year period and within 2 years after such guardian has been appointed for such minor or person under a legal disability.

The provisions of this Section shall not apply to or operate against the United States of America or the State of Illinois or any other state of the United States of America; or as to real estate held for a public purpose by any municipality or other political subdivision of the State of Illinois; or against any person under whom the party or parties in possession during the period herein permitted for reassertion of title claim by lease or other privity of contract; or against any person who during the entire period herein permitted for reassertion of title, or prior thereto, has not had the right to sue for and protect his or her claim, interest or title.

(Source: P.A. 99-143, eff. 7-27-15.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-115)

Sec. 13-115. Foreclosure of mortgage. No person shall commence an action or make a sale to foreclose any mortgage or deed of trust in the nature of a mortgage, unless within 10 years after the right of action or right to make such sale accrues.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-116)

Sec. 13-116. Lien of mortgage, trust or vendor's lien. (a) The lien of every mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, and vendor's lien, the due date of which is stated upon the face, or ascertainable from the written terms thereof, filed for record either before or after July 16, 1941, which has not ceased by limitation before July 16, 1941, shall cease by limitation after the expiration of 20 years from the time the last payment on such mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien became or becomes due upon its face and according to its written terms, unless the owner of such mortgage or vendor's lien, or the owner or trustee of such trust deed in the nature of a mortgage either

(1) Before July 16, 1941, and within such 20 year period has filed or caused to be filed for record an extension agreement showing the time for which the payment of the indebtedness is extended, and the amount remaining unpaid on such indebtedness; or

(2) After July 16, 1941, and within such 20 year period or within one year after July 21, 1947, provided the due date of the instrument was more than 19 years before July 21, 1947, files or causes to be filed for record, either (i) an affidavit executed by himself or herself or by some person on his or her behalf, stating the amount or amounts claimed to be unpaid on the indebtedness secured by such mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien; or (ii) an extension agreement executed as hereinafter provided.

(b) The lien of every mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, and vendor's lien, in which no due date is stated upon the face, or is ascertainable from the written terms thereof, shall cease by limitation after the expiration of 30 years from the date of the instrument creating the lien, unless the owner of such mortgage or vendor's lien, or the owner or trustee of such trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, within such 30 year period or within one year after July 21, 1947, provided the date of the instrument was more than 29 years before July 21, 1947, files or causes to be filed for record either (1) an affidavit executed by himself or herself or by some person on his or her behalf, stating the amount or amounts claimed to be unpaid on the indebtedness secured by such mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien; or (2) an extension agreement executed as hereinafter provided.

The filing for record of an affidavit provided for by this Section, within such 20 or 30 year period or one year period, as the case may be, shall extend the lien for a period of 10 years after the date on which such lien would cease if neither an affidavit nor extension agreement were filed, and no more, and a subsequent affidavit filed within the last 10 year period of the lien, as extended, shall extend the lien for an additional 10 year period, and no more, but successive affidavits may be filed, each extending the lien 10 years.

The filing for record of an extension agreement within such 20 or 30 year period or one year period, as the case may be, whether before or after July 16, 1941, shall extend the lien for 10 years from the date the final payment becomes due under such extension agreement, and no more, but subsequent extension agreements filed before the lien, as extended, ceases, shall extend the lien for an additional 10 year period from the date the final payment becomes due under such extension agreement, and no more. The filing of an extension agreement shall not be construed in any way to cause the lien to cease before it would cease if neither an extension agreement nor an affidavit were filed. Affidavits may be followed by extension agreements, and extension agreements may be followed by affidavits.

An extension agreement executed after July 16, 1941, to be effective for the purpose of continuing the lien of any mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien shall show the time for which the payment of the indebtedness secured thereby is extended and the amount remaining unpaid on such indebtedness, and shall be executed and acknowledged by the owner of the mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien, or someone on his or her behalf, and by one or more persons representing himself, herself or themselves to be the then owners of the real estate. The affidavit or extension agreement shall be effective only as to the lands within the county or counties wherein such affidavit or extension agreement, or a copy thereof, is filed for record.

When a corporation is the owner or trustee of any such mortgage, trust deed in the nature of a mortgage, or vendor's lien, the affidavit herein described shall be deemed effective for all purposes under this Section when it has been executed by any officer of such corporation, or by any person authorized by the corporation to execute such affidavit.

The Section shall apply to mortgages, trust deeds in the nature of mortgages, and vendor's liens on both registered and unregistered lands. "Filed for record" or "the filing for record" as used in Article XIII of this Act means filing in the office of the recorder in the county in which the lands are situated, if such lands are unregistered, or in the office of the registrar of titles for such county, if such lands are registered. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to revive the lien of any such instrument which has expired by limitation before July 16, 1941.

(Source: P.A. 83-1362.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-117)

Sec. 13-117. Limitation on mortgage. The lien of every mortgage or trust deed in the nature of a mortgage of record on July 1, 1915, where more than 20 years have elapsed from the time the indebtedness secured thereby is due according to its written terms, or according to any extension agreement on record on July 1, 1915, is declared to have ceased by limitation unless the holder of the indebtedness secured thereby and the then owner of the real estate within 5 years after July 1, 1915, files in the office of the recorder where the mortgage or trust deed in the nature of a mortgage is recorded, an extension agreement showing the time for which the payment of the indebtedness is extended, the time when the indebtedness will become due by the terms of the extension agreement and the amount remaining unpaid on the indebtedness, then the mortgage or trust deed in the nature of a mortgage shall continue to be a lien upon the real estate described therein for a period of 10 years from the time the indebtedness will be due as shown by the extension agreement and no longer, unless some further extension agreement is filed of record. Such extension agreements shall be acknowledged and recorded in the same manner as mortgages and trust deeds in the nature of a mortgage are required by law to be acknowledged and recorded.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-118)

Sec. 13-118. Forty year limitation on claims to real estate. No action based upon any claim arising or existing more than 40 years before the commencement of such action shall be maintained in any court to recover any real estate in this State or to recover or establish any interest therein or claim thereto, against the holder of the record title to such real estate when such holder of the record title and his or her grantors immediate or remote are shown by the record to have held chain of title to such real estate for at least 40 years before the action is commenced, unless such claimant, by himself or herself, or by his or her attorney or agent, or if he or she is a minor or under legal disability, by his or her guardian, trustee, either parent, or any other person acting in his or her behalf shall within 40 years after the claim upon which such action is based arises, file in the office of the recorder of the county wherein such real estate is situated, a verified statement definitely describing the real estate involved, the nature and extent of the right or interest claimed, and stating the facts upon which the same is based. However, the holder of the record title to such real estate shall not be entitled to the protection of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act if the real estate is in the adverse possession of another.

For purposes of this Section an unborn or unascertained person may be a claimant and a verified statement may be filed on his or her behalf as provided in this Section.

For the purposes of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act, any person who holds title to real estate by will or descent from any person who held the title of record to such real estate at the date of his or her death or who holds title by judgment or order of any court, or by deed issued pursuant thereto, i. e., by trustee's, trustee's in bankruptcy, conservator's, guardian's, executor's, administrator's, receiver's, assignee's, master's in chancery, or sheriff's deed shall be deemed to hold chain of title the same as though holding by direct conveyance.

(Source: P.A. 83-358.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-119)

Sec. 13-119. Claim index. All claims filed in the office of the recorder as provided in Section 13-118 of this Act shall be recorded and indexed in the manner provided by law. In counties where the recorder is not required to keep a tract index, he or she shall index such claims in an index labelled "Claimant's Book". Such book shall be indexed under the name of the person filing the claim and under the name of the person against whom the claim is filed, if such person is named in the claim, followed in each instance by the document number of such claim (or the book and page wherein the same is recorded) and a description of the real estate involved.

(Source: P.A. 83-358.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-120)

Sec. 13-120. Limitation on sections. Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act shall not be applied:

1. to bar any lessor or his or her successor as reversioner of his or her right to possession on the expiration of any lease or any lessee or his or her successor of his or her rights in and to any lease; or

2. to bar or extinguish any interest created or held for any public utility purpose; or

3. to bar or extinguish any easement or interest in the nature of an easement, or any rights granted, reserved or excepted by any instrument creating such easement or interest, the existence of which such easement or interest either is apparent from or can be proved by physical evidences of its use, whether or not such physical evidences of its use are visible from the surface; or

4. to bar or extinguish any separate mineral estate or any rights, immunities and interests appurtenant or relating thereto; or

5. to bar any interest of a mortgagee or interest in the nature of that of a mortgagee where the due date of the mortgage is stated on the face, or ascertainable from the written terms thereof and is not barred by Section 13-116 of this Act.

6. to validate any encroachment on any street, highway or public waters.

Nothing contained in Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act shall be construed to extend the period for the beginning of any action or the doing of any other required act under any statutes of limitation nor to affect the operation of any statutes or case law governing the recording or the failure to record any instruments affecting land.

No statement recorded or action filed pursuant to the provisions of Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act shall affect real estate registered under "An Act concerning land titles" approved May 1, 1897, as amended; and real estate heretofore or hereafter registered under "An Act concerning land titles" shall be subject to the terms thereof and all subsequent amendments thereto.

Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act shall not be deemed to affect any right, title or interest of the United States unless the Congress shall assent to its operation in that behalf.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-121)

Sec. 13-121. Construction. Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act shall be liberally construed to effect the legislative purpose of simplifying and facilitating land title transactions by allowing persons to rely on a record chain of title as described in Section 13-118 of this Act, subject to such limitations as appear in Section 13-120 of this Act. The claims extinguished by Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act include any and all interests of any nature whatsoever, however denominated, whether vested or contingent, whether present or future, whether such claims are asserted by a person sui juris or under disability or might be asserted by a person not yet in being, whether such person be within or without the State, and whether such person be natural or corporate, or private or governmental.

Except as otherwise provided in Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act, the rule that the State of Illinois is not bound by acts of limitations shall not apply to Sections 13-118 through 13-121 of this Act, and these Sections shall serve to bar any right, title, interest or lien in land which the State of Illinois or any department, commission or political subdivision thereof would otherwise have.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-122)

Sec. 13-122. Posting of notice that right of access is by permission and subject to control of owner. No use of any land by any person or by the public generally, no matter how long continued, shall ever ripen into an easement by prescription, or be deemed to be an implied dedication, or be deemed to give rise to any other right, customary or otherwise, to be on, or to engage in activities on, such land, if the owner of such property for a continuous period posts at each entrance to the property or at intervals of not more than 200 feet along the boundary a sign reading substantially as follows: "Right of access by permission, and subject to control of owner".

If the entrances or boundaries of the property sought to be protected are paved, the sign referred to in this Section may be embedded in the pavement, provided that the inscription is legible and in letters at least as large as 24 point type.

The procedure provided in this Section does not constitute the exclusive method of preventing the use of land from creating an easement by prescription, an implied dedication or any other right to be on or to engage in activities on the land, but is in addition to any other methods now or hereafter provided by law. This Section shall not be applied retroactively to events which took place before October 1, 1975.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIII Pt. 2 heading) Part 2. Personal Actions

(735 ILCS 5/13-201) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-201)

Sec. 13-201. Defamation - Privacy. Actions for slander, libel or for publication of matter violating the right of privacy, shall be commenced within one year next after the cause of action accrued.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-202) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-202)

Sec. 13-202. Personal injury - Penalty. Actions for damages for an injury to the person, or for false imprisonment, or malicious prosecution, or for a statutory penalty, or for abduction, or for seduction, or for criminal conversation that may proceed pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 7.1 of the Criminal Conversation Abolition Act, except damages resulting from first degree murder or the commission of a Class X felony and the perpetrator thereof is convicted of such crime, shall be commenced within 2 years next after the cause of action accrued but such an action against a defendant arising from a crime committed by the defendant in whose name an escrow account was established under the "Criminal Victims' Escrow Account Act" shall be commenced within 2 years after the establishment of such account. If the compelling of a confession or information by imminent bodily harm or threat of imminent bodily harm results in whole or in part in a criminal prosecution of the plaintiff, the 2-year period set out in this Section shall be tolled during the time in which the plaintiff is incarcerated, or until criminal prosecution has been finally adjudicated in favor of the above referred plaintiff, whichever is later. However, this provision relating to the compelling of a confession or information shall not apply to units of local government subject to the Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act.

(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-202.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-202.1)

Sec. 13-202.1. No limitations on certain actions - Duties of Department of Corrections and State's Attorneys.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any action for damages against a person, however the action may be designated, may be brought at any time if --

(1) the action is based upon conduct of a person which constituted the commission of first degree murder, a Class X felony, or a Class 1 felony as these terms are utilized at the time of filing of the action; and

(2) the person was convicted of the first degree murder, Class X felony, or Class 1 felony.

(b) The provisions of this Section are fully applicable to convictions based upon defendant's accountability under Section 5-2 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012.

(c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) above shall apply to any cause of action regardless of the date on which the defendant's conduct is alleged to have occurred or of the date of any conviction resulting therefrom. In addition, this Section shall be applied retroactively and shall revive causes of actions which otherwise may have been barred under limitations provisions in effect prior to the enactment and/or effect of P.A. 84-1450.

(d) Whenever there is any settlement, verdict or judgment in excess of $500 in any court against the Department of Corrections or any past or present employee or official in favor of any person for damages incurred while the person was committed to the Department of Corrections, the Department within 14 days of the settlement, verdict or judgment shall notify the State's Attorney of the county from which the person was committed to the Department. The State's Attorney shall in turn within 14 days after receipt of the notice send the same notice to the person or persons who were the victim or victims of the crime for which the offender was committed, at their last known address, along with the information that the victim or victims should contact a private attorney to advise them of their rights under the law.

(e) Whenever there is any settlement, verdict or judgment in excess of $500 in any court against any county or county sheriff or any past or present employee or official in favor of any person for damages incurred while the person was incarcerated in any county jail, the county or county sheriff, within 14 days of the settlement, verdict or judgment shall notify the State's Attorney of the county from which the person was incarcerated in the county jail. The State's Attorney shall within 14 days of receipt of the notice send the same notice to the person or persons who were the victim or victims of the crime for which the offender was committed, at their last known address, along with the information that the victim or victims should contact a private attorney to advise them of their rights under the law.

(f) No civil action may be brought by anyone against the Department of Corrections, a State's Attorney, a County, a county sheriff, or any past or present employee or agent thereof for any alleged violation by any such entity or person of the notification requirements imposed by paragraph (d) or (e).

(Source: P.A. 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-202.2) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-202.2)

Sec. 13-202.2. Childhood sexual abuse.

(a) In this Section:

"Childhood sexual abuse" means an act of sexual abuse that occurs when the person abused is under 18 years of age.

"Sexual abuse" includes but is not limited to sexual conduct and sexual penetration as defined in Section 11-0.1 of the Criminal Code of 2012.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action for damages for personal injury based on childhood sexual abuse must be commenced within 20 years of the date the limitation period begins to run under subsection (d) or within 20 years of the date the person abused discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover both (i) that the act of childhood sexual abuse occurred and (ii) that the injury was caused by the childhood sexual abuse. The fact that the person abused discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover that the act of childhood sexual abuse occurred is not, by itself, sufficient to start the discovery period under this subsection (b). Knowledge of the abuse does not constitute discovery of the injury or the causal relationship between any later-discovered injury and the abuse.

(c) If the injury is caused by 2 or more acts of childhood sexual abuse that are part of a continuing series of acts of childhood sexual abuse by the same abuser, then the discovery period under subsection (b) shall be computed from the date the person abused discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover both (i) that the last act of childhood sexual abuse in the continuing series occurred and (ii) that the injury was caused by any act of childhood sexual abuse in the continuing series. The fact that the person abused discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover that the last act of childhood sexual abuse in the continuing series occurred is not, by itself, sufficient to start the discovery period under subsection (b). Knowledge of the abuse does not constitute discovery of the injury or the causal relationship between any later-discovered injury and the abuse.

(d) The limitation periods under subsection (b) do not begin to run before the person abused attains the age of 18 years; and, if at the time the person abused attains the age of 18 years he or she is under other legal disability, the limitation periods under subsection (b) do not begin to run until the removal of the disability.

(d-1) The limitation periods in subsection (b) do not run during a time period when the person abused is subject to threats, intimidation, manipulation, fraudulent concealment, or fraud perpetrated by the abuser or by any person acting in the interest of the abuser.

(e) This Section applies to actions pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1990 as well as to actions commenced on or after that date. The changes made by this amendatory Act of 1993 shall apply only to actions commenced on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1993. The changes made by this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly apply to actions pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd General Assembly as well as actions commenced on or after that date. The changes made by this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly apply to actions commenced on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly if the action would not have been time barred under any statute of limitations or statute of repose prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action for damages based on childhood sexual abuse may be commenced at any time; provided, however, that the changes made by this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly apply to actions commenced on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly if the action would not have been time barred under any statute of limitations or statute of repose prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 101-435, eff. 8-20-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-202.3)

Sec. 13-202.3. For an action arising out of an injury caused by "sexual conduct" or "sexual penetration" as defined in Section 11-0.1 of the Criminal Code of 2012, the limitation period in Section 13-202 does not run during a time period when the person injured is subject to threats, intimidation, manipulation, or fraud perpetrated by the perpetrator or by a person the perpetrator knew or should have known was acting in the interest of the perpetrator. This Section applies to causes of action arising on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 95th General Assembly or to causes of action for which the limitation period has not yet expired.

(Source: P.A. 96-1551, eff. 7-1-11; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-203) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-203)

Sec. 13-203. Loss of consortium - Injury to person. Actions for damages for loss of consortium or other actions, including actions for the medical expenses of minors or persons under legal disability, deriving from injury to the person of another, except damages resulting from first degree murder or the commission of a Class X felony, shall be commenced within the same period of time as actions for damages for injury to such other person. Where the time in which the cause of action of the injured person whose injuries give rise to the cause of action brought under this Section is tolled or otherwise extended by any other Section of this Act, including Sections 13-211, 13-212 and 13-215, the time in which the cause of action must be brought under this Section is also tolled or extended to coincide with the period of time in which the injured person must commence his or her cause of action.

(Source: P.A. 88-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-203.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-203.1)

Sec. 13-203.1. Loss of means of support or parental relationships. Actions for damages for loss of means of support or loss of parental or in loco parentis relationships sustained by a minor resulting from an injury described in Section 13-214.1 may be commenced no later than 10 years after the person who inflicted such injury has completed his sentence therefor.

(Source: P.A. 84-1043.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-204) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-204)

Sec. 13-204. Contribution and indemnity.

(a) In instances where no underlying action seeking recovery for injury to or death of a person or injury or damage to property has been filed by a claimant, no action for contribution or indemnity may be commenced with respect to any payment made to that claimant more than 2 years after the party seeking contribution or indemnity has made the payment in discharge of his or her liability to the claimant.

(b) In instances where an underlying action has been filed by a claimant, no action for contribution or indemnity may be commenced more than 2 years after the party seeking contribution or indemnity has been served with process in the underlying action or more than 2 years from the time the party, or his or her privy, knew or should reasonably have known of an act or omission giving rise to the action for contribution or indemnity, whichever period expires later.

(c) The applicable limitations period contained in subsection (a) or (b) shall apply to all actions for contribution or indemnity and shall preempt, as to contribution and indemnity actions only, all other statutes of limitation or repose, but only to the extent that the claimant in an underlying action could have timely sued the party from whom contribution or indemnity is sought at the time such claimant filed the underlying action, or in instances where no underlying action has been filed, the payment in discharge of the obligation of the party seeking contribution or indemnity is made before any such underlying action would have been barred by lapse of time.

(d) The provisions of this Section, as amended by Public Act 88-538, shall be applied retroactively when substantively applicable, including all pending actions without regard to when the cause of action accrued; provided, however, that this amendatory Act of 1994 shall not operate to affect statutory limitations or repose rights of any party which have fully vested prior to its effective date.

(e) The provisions of this Section shall not apply to any action for damages in which contribution or indemnification is sought from a party who is alleged to have been negligent and whose negligence has been alleged to have resulted in injuries or death by reason of medical or other healing art malpractice.

(Source: P.A. 88-538; 89-626, eff. 8-9-96.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-205) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-205)

Sec. 13-205. Five year limitation. Except as provided in Section 2-725 of the "Uniform Commercial Code", approved July 31, 1961, as amended, and Section 11-13 of "The Illinois Public Aid Code", approved April 11, 1967, as amended, actions on unwritten contracts, expressed or implied, or on awards of arbitration, or to recover damages for an injury done to property, real or personal, or to recover the possession of personal property or damages for the detention or conversion thereof, and all civil actions not otherwise provided for, shall be commenced within 5 years next after the cause of action accrued.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-206) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-206)

Sec. 13-206. Ten year limitation. Except as provided in Section 2-725 of the "Uniform Commercial Code", actions on bonds, promissory notes, bills of exchange, written leases, written contracts, or other evidences of indebtedness in writing and actions brought under the Illinois Wage Payment and Collection Act shall be commenced within 10 years next after the cause of action accrued; but if any payment or new promise to pay has been made, in writing, on any bond, note, bill, lease, contract, or other written evidence of indebtedness, within or after the period of 10 years, then an action may be commenced thereon at any time within 10 years after the time of such payment or promise to pay. For purposes of this Section, with regard to promissory notes dated on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997, a cause of action on a promissory note payable at a definite date accrues on the due date or date stated in the promissory note or the date upon which the promissory note is accelerated. With respect to a demand promissory note dated on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1997, if a demand for payment is made to the maker of the demand promissory note, an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay the demand promissory note must be commenced within 10 years after the demand. An action to enforce a demand promissory note is barred if neither principal nor interest on the demand promissory note has been paid for a continuous period of 10 years and no demand for payment has been made to the maker during that period.

(Source: P.A. 95-209, eff. 8-16-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-207) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-207)

Sec. 13-207. Counterclaim or set-off. A defendant may plead a set-off or counterclaim barred by the statute of limitation or the statute of repose, while held and owned by him or her, to any action, the cause of which was owned by the plaintiff or person under whom he or she claims, before such set-off or counterclaim was so barred, and not otherwise. This section shall not affect the right of a bona fide assignee of a negotiable instrument assigned before due. The changes made to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly apply to claims initiated on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly and to claims intentionally filed to preclude a defendant a reasonable opportunity to file a counterclaim within the original limitation period.

(Source: P.A. 102-908, eff. 5-27-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-208) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-208)

Sec. 13-208. Absence from State. (a) If, when the cause of action accrues against a person, he or she is out of the state, the action may be commenced within the times herein limited, after his or her coming into or return to the state; and if, after the cause of action accrues, he or she departs from and resides out of the state, the time of his or her absence is no part of the time limited for the commencement of the action.

(b) For purposes of subsection (a) of this Section no person shall be considered to be out of the State or to have departed from the State or to reside outside of the State during any period when he or she is subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State with respect to that cause of action pursuant to Sections 2-208 and 2-209 of this Act, Section 10-301 of "The Illinois Vehicle Code", Section 5.25 of the "Business Corporation Act of 1983", or any other statute authorizing service of process which would subject that person to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State. If a person files an action in a court of this State and attempts to secure service of process upon a defendant pursuant to a statute referred to in the preceding sentence, but does not obtain service of process upon such defendant, such defendant shall not be considered to be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this State at the time such action was filed, for purposes of the preceding sentence of this section. This subsection (b) of Section 13-208 of this Act shall apply only to actions commenced after October 1, 1973.

(Source: P.A. 83-1362.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-209) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-209)

Sec. 13-209. Death of party.

(a) If a person entitled to bring an action dies before the expiration of the time limited for the commencement thereof, and the cause of action survives:

(1) an action may be commenced by his or her representative before the expiration of that time, or within one year from his or her death whichever date is the later;

(2) if no petition for letters of office for the decedent's estate has been filed, the court may appoint a special representative for the deceased for the purpose of prosecuting the action. The appointment shall be on verified motion of any party who appears entitled to participate in the deceased's estate, reciting the names and last known addresses of all known heirs and the legatees and executor named in any will that has been filed. The court's determination that a person appears entitled to participate in the deceased's estate shall be solely for purposes of this Section and not determinative of rights in final disposition. Within 90 days after appointment, the special representative shall notify the heirs and legatees of the following information by mail: that an appointment has been made, the court in which the case was filed, the caption of the case, and a description of the nature of the case. The special representative shall publish notice to unknown heirs and legatees as provided in the Probate Act of 1975. If a will is filed within 90 days after the appointment of the special representative, the same notice shall be given to any additional executors and legatees named in the will. At any time that an estate is opened with a representative other than the special representative, the court may upon motion substitute the representative for the special representative. In this case, the court shall allow disbursements and fees of the special representative and his or her attorney as a claim against any proceeds received. The proceeds of any judgment or settlement shall be distributed under the provisions of the Probate Act of 1975.

(b) If a person against whom an action may be brought dies before the expiration of the time limited for the commencement thereof, and the cause of action survives, and is not otherwise barred:

(1) an action may be commenced against his or her personal representative after the expiration of the time limited for the commencement of the action, and within 6 months after the person's death;

(2) if no petition has been filed for letters of office for the deceased's estate, the court, upon the motion of a person entitled to bring an action and after the notice to the party's heirs or legatees as the court directs and without opening an estate, may appoint a special representative for the deceased party for the purposes of defending the action. If a party elects to have a special representative appointed under this paragraph (2), the recovery shall be limited to the proceeds of any liability insurance protecting the estate and shall not bar the estate from enforcing any claims that might have been available to it as counterclaims.

(c) If a party commences an action against a deceased person whose death is unknown to the party before the expiration of the time limited for the commencement thereof, and the cause of action survives, and is not otherwise barred, the action may be commenced against the deceased person's personal representative if all of the following terms and conditions are met:

(1) After learning of the death, the party proceeds with reasonable diligence to move the court for leave to file an amended complaint, substituting the personal representative as defendant.

(2) The party proceeds with reasonable diligence to serve process upon the personal representative.

(3) If process is served more than 6 months after the issuance of letters of office, liability of the estate is limited as to recovery to the extent the estate is protected by liability insurance.

(4) In no event can a party commence an action under this subsection (c) unless a personal representative is appointed and an amended complaint is filed within 2 years of the time limited for the commencement of the original action.

(Source: P.A. 90-111, eff. 7-14-97.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-210) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-210)

Sec. 13-210. Foreign limitation. When a cause of action has arisen in a state or territory out of this State, or in a foreign country, and, by the laws thereof, an action thereon cannot be maintained by reason of the lapse of time, an action thereon shall not be maintained in this State.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-211) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-211)

Sec. 13-211. Minors and persons under legal disability.

(a) If the person entitled to bring an action, specified in Sections 13-201 through 13-210 of this Code, at the time the cause of action accrued, is under the age of 18 years or is under a legal disability, then he or she may bring the action within 2 years after the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.

(b) If the person entitled to bring an action specified under Sections 13-201 through 13-210 of this Code is not under a legal disability at the time the cause of action accrues, but becomes under a legal disability before the period of limitations otherwise runs, the period of limitations is stayed until the disability is removed. This subsection (b) does not invalidate any statute of repose provisions contained in Sections 13-201, 13-202, 13-202.1, 13-202.2, 13-202.3, 13-203, 13-203.1, 13-204, 13-207, 13-208, 13-209, and 13-210 of this Code. In no event shall the period of limitations for a cause of action under Section 13-205 or 13-206 of this Code be stayed in excess of 10 years from the date of the adjudication of legal disability. This subsection (b) applies to actions commenced or pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 98-1077, eff. 1-1-15.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-212) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-212)

Sec. 13-212. Physician or hospital.

(a) Except as provided in Section 13-215 or 13-215.1 of this Act, no action for damages for injury or death against any physician, dentist, registered nurse or hospital duly licensed under the laws of this State, whether based upon tort, or breach of contract, or otherwise, arising out of patient care shall be brought more than 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, or received notice in writing of the existence of the injury or death for which damages are sought in the action, whichever of such date occurs first, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 4 years after the date on which occurred the act or omission or occurrence alleged in such action to have been the cause of such injury or death.

(b) Except as provided in Section 13-215 or 13-215.1 of this Act, no action for damages for injury or death against any physician, dentist, registered nurse or hospital duly licensed under the laws of this State, whether based upon tort, or breach of contract, or otherwise, arising out of patient care shall be brought more than 8 years after the date on which occurred the act or omission or occurrence alleged in such action to have been the cause of such injury or death where the person entitled to bring the action was, at the time the cause of action accrued, under the age of 18 years; provided, however, that in no event may the cause of action be brought after the person's 22nd birthday. If the person was under the age of 18 years when the cause of action accrued and, as a result of this amendatory Act of 1987, the action is either barred or there remains less than 3 years to bring such action, then he or she may bring the action within 3 years of July 20, 1987.

(c) If the person entitled to bring an action described in this Section is, at the time the cause of action accrued, under a legal disability other than being under the age of 18 years, then the period of limitations does not begin to run until the disability is removed.

(d) If the person entitled to bring an action described in this Section is not under a legal disability at the time the cause of action accrues, but becomes under a legal disability before the period of limitations otherwise runs, the period of limitations is stayed until the disability is removed. This subsection (d) does not invalidate any statute of repose provisions contained in this Section. This subsection (d) applies to actions commenced or pending on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 98th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 103-478, eff. 1-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-213) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-213)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 13-213. Product liability; statute of repose.

(a) As used in this Section, the term:

(1) "Alteration, modification or change" or "altered, modified, or changed" means an alteration, modification or change that was made in the original makeup characteristics, function or design of a product or in the original recommendations, instructions and warnings given with respect to a product including the failure properly to maintain and care for a product.

(2) "Product" means any tangible object or goods distributed in commerce, including any service provided in connection with the product. Where the term "product unit" is used, it refers to a single item or unit of a product.

(3) "Product liability action" means any action based on any theory or doctrine brought against the seller of a product on account of personal injury, (including illness, disease, disability and death) or property, economic or other damage allegedly caused by or resulting from the manufacture, construction, preparation, assembly, installation, testing, makeup, characteristics, functions, design, formula, plan, recommendation, specification, prescription, advertising, sale, marketing, packaging, labeling, repair, maintenance or disposal of, or warning or instruction regarding any product. This definition excludes actions brought by State or federal regulatory agencies pursuant to statute.

(4) "Seller" means one who, in the course of a business conducted for the purpose, sells, distributes, leases, assembles, installs, produces, manufactures, fabricates, prepares, constructs, packages, labels, markets, repairs, maintains, or otherwise is involved in placing a product in the stream of commerce.

(b) Subject to the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) no product liability action based on any theory or doctrine shall be commenced except within the applicable limitations period and, in any event, within 12 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession by a seller or 10 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession to its initial user, consumer, or other non-seller, whichever period expires earlier, of any product unit that is claimed to have injured or damaged the plaintiff, unless the defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period.

(c) No product liability action based on any theory or doctrine to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of the product unit subsequent to the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession of the product unit to its initial user, consumer or other non-seller shall be limited or barred by subsection (b) hereof if:

(1) the action is brought against a seller making, authorizing, or furnishing materials for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change (or against a seller furnishing specifications or instructions for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change when the injury is claimed to have resulted from failure to provide adequate specifications or instructions), and

(2) the action commenced within the applicable limitation period and, in any event, within 10 years from the date such alteration, modification or change was made, unless defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period, and

(3) when the injury or damage is claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of a product unit, there is proof that such alteration, modification or change had the effect of introducing into the use of the product unit, by reason of defective materials or workmanship, a hazard not existing prior to such alteration, modification or change.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c) if the injury complained of occurs within any of the periods provided by subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c), the plaintiff may bring an action within 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, of the existence of the personal injury, death or property damage, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 8 years after the date on which such personal injury, death or property damage occurred. In any such case, if the person entitled to bring the action was, at the time the personal injury, death or property damage occurred, under the age of 18 years, or under a legal disability, then the period of limitations does not begin to run until the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.

(e) Replacement of a component part of a product unit with a substitute part having the same formula or design as the original part shall not be deemed a sale, lease or delivery of possession or an alteration, modification or change for the purpose of permitting commencement of a product liability action based on any theory or doctrine to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from the formula or design of such product unit or of the substitute part when such action would otherwise be barred according to the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section.

(f) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a cause of action or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.

(g) The provisions of this Section 13-213 of this Act apply to any cause of action accruing on or after January 1, 1979, involving any product which was in or entered the stream of commerce prior to, on, or after January 1, 1979.

(h) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 13-213. Product liability.

(a) As used in this Section, the term:

(1) "Alteration, modification or change" or "altered, modified, or changed" means an alteration, modification or change that was made in the original makeup characteristics, function or design of a product or in the original recommendations, instructions and warnings given with respect to a product including the failure properly to maintain and care for a product.

(2) "Product" means any tangible object or goods distributed in commerce, including any service provided in connection with the product. Where the term "product unit" is used, it refers to a single item or unit of a product.

(3) "Product liability action" means any action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort brought against the seller of a product on account of personal injury, (including illness, disease, disability and death) or property, economic or other damage allegedly caused by or resulting from the manufacture, construction, preparation, assembly, installation, testing, makeup, characteristics, functions, design, formula, plan, recommendation, specification, prescription, advertising, sale, marketing, packaging, labeling, repair, maintenance or disposal of, or warning or instruction regarding any product. This definition excludes actions brought by State or federal regulatory agencies pursuant to statute.

(4) "Seller" means one who, in the course of a business conducted for the purpose, sells, distributes, leases, assembles, installs, produces, manufactures, fabricates, prepares, constructs, packages, labels, markets, repairs, maintains, or otherwise is involved in placing a product in the stream of commerce.

(b) Subject to the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) no product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort shall be commenced except within the applicable limitations period and, in any event, within 12 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession by a seller or 10 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession to its initial user, consumer, or other non-seller, whichever period expires earlier, of any product unit that is claimed to have injured or damaged the plaintiff, unless the defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period.

(c) No product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of the product unit subsequent to the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession of the product unit to its initial user, consumer or other non-seller shall be limited or barred by subsection (b) hereof if:

(1) the action is brought against a seller making, authorizing, or furnishing materials for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change (or against a seller furnishing specifications or instructions for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change when the injury is claimed to have resulted from failure to provide adequate specifications or instructions), and

(2) the action commenced within the applicable limitation period and, in any event, within 10 years from the date such alteration, modification or change was made, unless defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period, and

(3) when the injury or damage is claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of a product unit, there is proof that such alteration, modification or change had the effect of introducing into the use of the product unit, by reason of defective materials or workmanship, a hazard not existing prior to such alteration, modification or change.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c) if the injury complained of occurs within any of the periods provided by subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c), the plaintiff may bring an action within 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, of the existence of the personal injury, death or property damage, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 8 years after the date on which such personal injury, death or property damage occurred. In any such case, if the person entitled to bring the action was, at the time the personal injury, death or property damage occurred, under the age of 18 years, or under a legal disability, then the period of limitations does not begin to run until the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.

(e) Replacement of a component part of a product unit with a substitute part having the same formula or design as the original part shall not be deemed a sale, lease or delivery of possession or an alteration, modification or change for the purpose of permitting commencement of a product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from the formula or design of such product unit or of the substitute part when such action would otherwise be barred according to the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section.

(f) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a cause of action or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.

(g) The provisions of this Section 13-213 of this Act apply to any cause of action accruing on or after January 1, 1979, involving any product which was in or entered the stream of commerce prior to, on, or after January 1, 1979.

(Source: P.A. 85-907; 86-1329.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-214) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-214)

Sec. 13-214. Construction; design management and supervision. As used in this Section, "person" means any individual, any business or legal entity, or any body politic.

(a) Actions based upon tort, contract or otherwise against any person for an act or omission of such person in the design, planning, supervision, observation or management of construction, or construction of an improvement to real property shall be commenced within 4 years from the time the person bringing an action, or his or her privity, knew or should reasonably have known of such act or omission. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, contract actions against a surety on a payment or performance bond shall be commenced, if at all, within the same time limitation applicable to the bond principal.

(b) No action based upon tort, contract or otherwise may be brought against any person for an act or omission of such person in the design, planning, supervision, observation or management of construction, or construction of an improvement to real property after 10 years have elapsed from the time of such act or omission. However, any person who discovers such act or omission prior to expiration of 10 years from the time of such act or omission shall in no event have less than 4 years to bring an action as provided in subsection (a) of this Section. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, contract actions against a surety on a payment or performance bond shall be commenced, if at all, within the same time limitation applicable to the bond principal.

(c) If a person otherwise entitled to bring an action could not have brought such action within the limitation periods herein solely because such person was under the age of 18 years, or a person with a developmental disability or a person with mental illness, then the limitation periods herein shall not begin to run until the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.

(d) Subsection (b) shall not prohibit any action against a defendant who has expressly warranted or promised the improvement to real property for a longer period from being brought within that period.

(e) The limitations of this Section shall not apply to causes of action arising out of fraudulent misrepresentations or to fraudulent concealment of causes of action.

(f) Subsection (b) does not apply to an action that is based on personal injury, disability, disease, or death resulting from the discharge into the environment of asbestos.

(Source: P.A. 100-201, eff. 8-18-17.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-214.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-214.1)

Sec. 13-214.1. Action for damages involving criminal acts.

(a) Actions for damages for an injury described in Section 13-202 or Section 13-203 arising out of first degree murder or the commission of a Class X felony by the person against whom the action is brought may be commenced no later than 10 years after the person who inflicted such injury has completed his or her sentence therefor.

(b) For an action for damages arising out of: theft of property exceeding $100,000 in value under Section 16-1 of the Criminal Code of 2012; identity theft under subsection (a) of Section 16-30 of the Criminal Code of 2012; aggravated identity theft under subsection (b) of Section 16-30 of the Criminal Code of 2012; financial exploitation of an elderly person or a person with a disability under Section 17-56 of the Criminal Code of 2012; or any offense set forth in Article 16H or Section 17-10.6 of the Criminal Code of 2012, the action may be commenced within 10 years of the last act committed in furtherance of the crime. However, if any other provision of law provides for a longer limitation period, then the longer limitation period applies.

(Source: P.A. 101-136, eff. 7-26-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-214.2) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-214.2)

Sec. 13-214.2. (a) Actions based upon tort, contract or otherwise against any person, partnership or corporation registered pursuant to the Illinois Public Accounting Act, as amended, or any of its employees, partners, members, officers or shareholders, for an act or omission in the performance of professional services shall be commenced within 2 years from the time the person bringing an action knew or should reasonably have known of such act or omission.

(b) In no event shall such action be brought more than 5 years after the date on which occurred the act or omission alleged in such action to have been the cause of the injury to the person bringing such action against a public accountant. Provided, however, that in the event that an income tax assessment is made or criminal prosecution is brought against a person, that person may bring an action against the public accountant who prepared the tax return within two years from the date of the assessment or conclusion of the prosecution.

(c) If a person entitled to bring the action is, at the time the cause of action accrues, under the age of 18, or under a legal disability, the period of limitations shall not begin to run until the disability is removed.

(d) This Section shall apply to all causes of action which accrue on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 85-655; 86-1329.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-214.3) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-214.3)

Sec. 13-214.3. Attorneys.

(a) In this Section: "attorney" includes (i) an individual attorney, together with his or her employees who are attorneys, (ii) a professional partnership of attorneys, together with its employees, partners, and members who are attorneys, and (iii) a professional service corporation of attorneys, together with its employees, officers, and shareholders who are attorneys; and "non-attorney employee" means a person who is not an attorney but is employed by an attorney.

(b) An action for damages based on tort, contract, or otherwise (i) against an attorney arising out of an act or omission in the performance of professional services or (ii) against a non-attorney employee arising out of an act or omission in the course of his or her employment by an attorney to assist the attorney in performing professional services must be commenced within 2 years from the time the person bringing the action knew or reasonably should have known of the injury for which damages are sought.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (d), an action described in subsection (b) may not be commenced in any event more than 6 years after the date on which the act or omission occurred.

(d) When the injury caused by the act or omission does not occur until the death of the person for whom the professional services were rendered, the action may be commenced within 2 years after the date of the person's death unless letters of office are issued or the person's will is admitted to probate within that 2 year period, in which case the action must be commenced within the time for filing claims against the estate or a petition contesting the validity of the will of the deceased person, whichever is later, as provided in the Probate Act of 1975. An action may not be commenced in any event more than 6 years after the date the professional services were performed.

(e) If the person entitled to bring the action is under the age of majority or under other legal disability at the time the cause of action accrues, the period of limitations shall not begin to run until majority is attained or the disability is removed.

(f) If the person entitled to bring an action described in this Section is not under a legal disability at the time the cause of action accrues, but becomes under a legal disability before the period of limitations otherwise runs, the period of limitations is stayed until the disability is removed. This subsection (f) does not invalidate any statute of repose provisions contained in this Section. This subsection (f) applies to actions commenced or pending on or after January 1, 2015 (the effective date of Public Act 98-1077).

(g) This Section applies to any cause of action, regardless of the date the cause of action arises. This Section, however, does not bar the filing of an action based on the performance of professional services before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly if the action is timely filed under the version of this Section in effect on January 1, 2021, and is filed within a reasonable period, not to exceed 6 years, after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 102-377, eff. 1-1-22.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-214.4)

Sec. 13-214.4. Actions against insurance producers, limited insurance representatives, and registered firms. All causes of action brought by any person or entity under any statute or any legal or equitable theory against an insurance producer, registered firm, or limited insurance representative concerning the sale, placement, procurement, renewal, cancellation of, or failure to procure any policy of insurance shall be brought within 2 years of the date the cause of action accrues.

(Source: P.A. 89-152, eff. 1-1-96.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-215) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-215)

Sec. 13-215. Fraudulent concealment. If a person liable to an action fraudulently conceals the cause of such action from the knowledge of the person entitled thereto, the action may be commenced at any time within 5 years after the person entitled to bring the same discovers that he or she has such cause of action, and not afterwards.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-215.1)

Sec. 13-215.1. Fertility fraud limitation. Notwithstanding any other provision of the law, an action for fertility fraud under the Illinois Fertility Fraud Act must be commenced within the later of 20 years, if brought under Section 15 of the Illinois Fertility Fraud Act, or 8 years, if brought under Section 20 of the Illinois Fertility Fraud Act, after:

(1) the procedure was performed;

(2) the 18th birthday of the child;

(3) the person first discovers evidence sufficient to bring an action against the defendant through DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis;

(4) the person first becomes aware of the existence of a record that provides evidence sufficient to bring an action against the defendant; or

(5) the defendant confesses to the offense.

(Source: P.A. 103-478, eff. 1-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-216) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-216)

Sec. 13-216. Stay of action. When the commencement of an action is stayed by injunction, order of a court, or statutory prohibition, the time of the continuance of the injunction or prohibition is not part of the time limited for the commencement of the action.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-217) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-217)

(Text of Section WITH the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 13-217. Reversal or dismissal. In the actions specified in Article XIII of this Act or any other act or contract where the time for commencing an action is limited, if judgment is entered for the plaintiff but reversed on appeal, or if there is a verdict in favor of the plaintiff and, upon a motion in arrest of judgment, the judgment is entered against the plaintiff, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for lack of jurisdiction, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for improper venue, then, whether or not the time limitation for bringing such action expires during the pendency of such action, the plaintiff, his or her heirs, executors or administrators may commence a new action within one year or within the remaining period of limitation, whichever is greater, after such judgment is reversed or entered against the plaintiff, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for lack of jurisdiction, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for improper venue. No action which is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff or dismissed for want of prosecution by the court may be filed where the time for commencing the action has expired.

This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.

(Source: P.A. 89-7, eff. 3-9-95.)

(Text of Section WITHOUT the changes made by P.A. 89-7, which has been held unconstitutional)

Sec. 13-217. Reversal or dismissal. In the actions specified in Article XIII of this Act or any other act or contract where the time for commencing an action is limited, if judgment is entered for the plaintiff but reversed on appeal, or if there is a verdict in favor of the plaintiff and, upon a motion in arrest of judgment, the judgment is entered against the plaintiff, or the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff, or the action is dismissed for want of prosecution, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for lack of jurisdiction, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for improper venue, then, whether or not the time limitation for bringing such action expires during the pendency of such action, the plaintiff, his or her heirs, executors or administrators may commence a new action within one year or within the remaining period of limitation, whichever is greater, after such judgment is reversed or entered against the plaintiff, or after the action is voluntarily dismissed by the plaintiff, or the action is dismissed for want of prosecution, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for lack of jurisdiction, or the action is dismissed by a United States District Court for improper venue.

(Source: P.A. 87-1252.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-218) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-218)

Sec. 13-218. Revival of judgment. A petition to revive a judgment, as provided by Section 2-1601 of this Code, may be filed no later than 20 years next after the date of entry of such judgment. The provisions of this amendatory Act of the 96th General Assembly are declarative of existing law.

(Source: P.A. 96-305, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-219) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-219)

Sec. 13-219. Railroads and carriers. (a) All actions by railroads, motor carriers, common carriers by water, common carriers by air, the Railway Express Agency or freight forwarders for the recovery of their charges, or any part thereof, for the transportation of property moving wholly within the State of Illinois shall be filed within 3 years from the time the cause of action accrues, and not after.

(b) All actions against railroads, motor carriers, common carriers by water, common carriers by air, the Railway Express Agency or freight forwarders for the recovery of any part of transportation charges paid to such carrier for the transportation of property moving wholly within the State of Illinois shall be filed within 3 years from the time the cause of action accrues, and not after.

(c) If on or before the expiration of the 3 year period of limitation in subsection (b) a railroad, motor carrier, common carrier by water, common carrier by air, the Railway Express Agency or a freight forwarder files an action under subsection (a) for recovery of charges in respect of the same transportation service, or, without filing an action, collects charges in respect of that service, the period of limitation shall be extended to include 90 days from the time such action is filed or such charges are collected.

(d) The cause of action in respect of a shipment of property shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to accrue upon delivery or tender of delivery thereof by a railroad, motor carrier, common carrier by water, common carrier by air, the Railway Express Agency, or a freight forwarder, and not after.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-220) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-220)

Sec. 13-220. Fraud by decedents. Actions under Sections 10 to 14, both inclusive, of "An Act to revise the law in relation to frauds and perjuries", approved February 16, 1874, as amended, shall be commenced within 2 years after the death of the person who makes a fraudulent legacy as provided in that Act, or who dies intestate and leaves real estate to his or her heirs to descend according to the laws of this State, unless letters of office are applied for on his or her estate within 2 years after his or her death and the representative has complied with the provisions of Section 18-3 of the Probate Act of 1975, as amended, in regard to the giving of notice to creditors, in which case the action shall be commenced within and not after the time for presenting claims against estates of deceased persons as provided in the Probate Act of 1975, as amended.

(Source: P.A. 86-815.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-221) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-221)

Sec. 13-221. Contract to make will. An action against the representative, heirs and legatees of a deceased person to enforce a contract to make a will, shall be commenced within 2 years after the death of the deceased person unless letters of office are applied for on his or her estate within 2 years after his or her death and the representative has complied with the provisions of Section 18-3 of the Probate Act of 1975, as amended, in regard to the giving of notice to creditors, in which case the action shall be commenced within and not after the time for presenting a claim against the estate of a deceased person as provided in the Probate Act of 1975, as amended.

(Source: P.A. 86-815.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-222) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-222)

Sec. 13-222. Action against land surveyor.

(a) Registered land surveyor. No action may be brought against a registered land surveyor to recover damages for negligence, errors or omissions in the making of any survey nor for contribution or indemnity related to such negligence, errors or omissions more than 4 years after the person claiming such damages actually knows or should have known of such negligence, errors or omissions. This Section applies to surveys completed after July 26, 1967. This subsection (a) applies only to causes of action accruing before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly.

(b) Professional land surveyor. No action may be brought against a professional land surveyor to recover damages for negligence, errors, omissions, torts, breaches of contract, or otherwise in the making of any survey, nor contribution or indemnity, more than 4 years after the person claiming the damages actually knows or should have known of the negligence, errors, omissions, torts, breaches of contract, or other action.

In no event may such an action be brought if 10 years have elapsed from the time of the act or omission. Any person who discovers the act or omission before expiration of the 10-year period, however, may in no event have less than 4 years to bring an action. Contract actions against a surety on a payment or performance bond must be commenced within the same time limitation applicable to the bond principal.

If the person entitled to bring the action is under the age of 18 or under a legal disability, the period of limitation does not begin to run until the person reaches 18 years of age or the disability is removed.

This subsection (b) applies to causes of action accruing on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 92-265, eff. 1-1-02.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-223) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-223)

Sec. 13-223. Inter vivos trusts. An action to set aside or contest the validity of a revocable inter vivos trust agreement or declaration of trust to which a legacy is provided by the settlor's will which is admitted to probate, shall be commenced within and not after the time to contest the validity of a will as provided in the Probate Act of 1975 as amended.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-224) (from Ch. 110, par. 13-224)

Sec. 13-224. Recovery in Tax Actions. In any action against the State to recover taxes imposed pursuant to Section 2 of the Messages Tax Act, Section 2 of the Gas Revenue Tax Act, Section 2 of the Public Utilities Revenue Act or Section 2-202 of The Public Utilities Act, that were illegally or unconstitutionally collected, or in any action against a municipality to recover taxes imposed pursuant to Section 8-11-2 of the Illinois Municipal Code that were illegally or unconstitutionally collected or in any action against a taxpayer to recover charges imposed pursuant to Sections 9-201 or 9-202 of The Public Utilities Act that were illegally or unconstitutionally collected, the prevailing party shall not be entitled to recover an amount exceeding such taxes or charges paid, plus interest, where applicable, during a period beginning 3 years prior to the date of filing an administrative claim as authorized by statute or ordinance or court complaint, whichever occurs earlier. This provision shall be applicable to all actions filed on or after September 21, 1985.

(Source: P.A. 85-1209.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-225)

Sec. 13-225. Trafficking victims protection.

(a) In this Section, "human trafficking", "involuntary servitude", "sex trade", and "victim of the sex trade" have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 10 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.

(b) Subject to both subsections (e) and (f) and notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act must be commenced within 25 years of the date the limitation period begins to run under subsection (d) or within 25 years of the date the plaintiff discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover both (i) that the sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking act occurred, and (ii) that the defendant caused, was responsible for, or profited from the sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking act. The fact that the plaintiff discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover that the sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking act occurred is not, by itself, sufficient to start the discovery period under this subsection (b).

(c) If the injury is caused by 2 or more acts that are part of a continuing series of sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking acts by the same defendant, then the discovery period under subsection (b) shall be computed from the date the person abused discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover (i) that the last sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking act in the continuing series occurred, and (ii) that the defendant caused, was responsible for, or profited from the series of sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking acts. The fact that the plaintiff discovers or through the use of reasonable diligence should discover that the last sex trade, involuntary servitude, or human trafficking act in the continuing series occurred is not, by itself, sufficient to start the discovery period under subsection (b).

(d) The limitation periods in subsection (b) do not begin to run before the plaintiff attains the age of 18 years; and, if at the time the plaintiff attains the age of 18 years he or she is under other legal disability, the limitation periods under subsection (b) do not begin to run until the removal of the disability.

(e) The limitation periods in subsection (b) do not run during a time period when the plaintiff is subject to threats, intimidation, manipulation, or fraud perpetrated by the defendant or by any person acting in the interest of the defendant.

(f) The limitation periods in subsection (b) do not commence running until the expiration of all limitations periods applicable to the criminal prosecution of the plaintiff for any acts which form the basis of a cause of action under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act.

(Source: P.A. 100-939, eff. 1-1-19; 101-18, eff. 1-1-20.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-226)

Sec. 13-226. Opioid litigation.

(a) Definitions. In this Section:

"National multistate opioid settlement" means any agreement (i) to which the State and at least two other states are parties and (ii) in which the State agrees to release claims that it has brought or could have brought in an action against an opioid defendant or has the claims released in a final order entered by a court. "National multistate opioid settlement" includes (i) any form of resolution reached in a bankruptcy proceeding, provided that the Attorney General both agrees to the specific terms of such resolution or agreement in a bankruptcy proceeding and announces his or her agreement in the record of such bankruptcy proceeding, or (ii) a final order entered by the bankruptcy court.

"Opioid defendant" means (i) a defendant in opioid litigation brought by the Attorney General, or (ii) a person or entity engaged in the manufacturing, marketing, distribution, prescription, dispensing, or other use of opioid medications.

"Opioid litigation" means any civil litigation, demand, or settlement in lieu of litigation, alleging unlawful conduct in the manufacturing, marketing, distribution, prescription, dispensing, or other use of opioid medications.

"Unit of local government" has the meaning provided in Article VII, Section 1 of the Illinois Constitution of 1970.

(b) Release of claims.

(1) On and after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly, no unit of local government or school district may file or become a party to opioid litigation against an opioid defendant that is subject to a national multistate opioid settlement unless approved by the Attorney General.

(2) If counties representing 60% of the population of the State, including all counties with a population of at least 250,000, have agreed to an intrastate allocation agreement with the Attorney General, then the Attorney General has the authority to appear or intervene in any opioid litigation, and release with prejudice any claims brought by a unit of local government or school district against an opioid defendant that are subject to a national multistate opioid settlement and are pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.

(c) Nothing in this Section affects the Attorney General's authority to appear, intervene, or control litigation brought in the name of the State of Illinois or on behalf of the People of the State of Illinois.

(d) When an intrastate allocation agreement between counties representing 60% of the population of the State, including all counties with a population of at least 250,000, and the Attorney General is reached, becoming a party to or filing opioid litigation against an opioid defendant that is subject to a national multistate opioid settlement are exclusive powers and functions of the State and a home rule unit may not file or become a party to opioid litigation against an opioid defendant that is subject to a national multistate opioid settlement unless approved by the Attorney General. This Section is a denial and limitation of home rule powers and functions under subsection (h) of Section 6 of Article VII of the Illinois Constitution.

(Source: P.A. 102-85, eff. 7-9-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/13-227)

Sec. 13-227. Collection of debt arising from a municipal violation. An action to collect a debt arising from a violation of a municipal ordinance may not be filed more than 7 years after the date of adjudication.

(Source: P.A. 102-192, eff. 7-30-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIV heading) ARTICLE XIV MANDAMUS

(735 ILCS 5/14-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-101)

Sec. 14-101. Action commenced by plaintiff. In all proceedings commenced under Article XIV of this Act the name of the person seeking the relief afforded by this Article shall be set out as plaintiff without the use of the phrase "People ex rel." or "People on the relation of".

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-102)

Sec. 14-102. Summons to issue. Upon the filing of a complaint for mandamus the clerk of the court shall issue a summons, in like form, as near as may be as summons in other civil cases. The summons shall be made returnable within a time designated by the plaintiff not less than 5 nor more than 30 days after the service of the summons.

(Source: P.A. 83-357.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-103)

Sec. 14-103. Defendant to plead. Every defendant who is served with summons shall answer or otherwise plead on or before the return day of the summons, unless the time for doing so is extended by the court. If the defendant defaults, judgment by default may be entered by the court. No matters not germane to the distinctive purpose of the proceeding shall be introduced by joinder, counterclaim or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 90-655, eff. 7-30-98.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-104)

Sec. 14-104. Reply by plaintiff. The plaintiff may reply or otherwise plead to the answer, within 5 days after the last day allowed for the filing of the answer, unless the time for doing so is extended and further pleadings may be had as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-105)

Sec. 14-105. Judgment - Costs. If judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall recover damages and costs. If judgment is entered in favor of the defendant, the defendant shall recover costs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-106)

Sec. 14-106. False return. If damages are recovered against the defendant, the defendant shall not be liable to be sued in any other action or proceeding for making a false return.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-107)

Sec. 14-107. Successor in office. The death, resignation or removal from office, by lapse of time or otherwise, of any defendant, shall not have the effect to abate the proceeding, and upon a proper showing, the officer's successor may be made a party thereto, and any relief may be directed against the successor officer.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-108)

Sec. 14-108. Other remedy - Amendments. The proceedings for mandamus shall not be dismissed nor the relief denied because the plaintiff may have another judicial remedy, even where such other remedy will afford proper and sufficient relief; and amendments may be allowed as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/14-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 14-109)

Sec. 14-109. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article XIV of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which the plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV heading) ARTICLE XV MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 11 heading) Part 11. General Provisions

(735 ILCS 5/15-1101) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1101)

Sec. 15-1101. Title. This Article shall be known, and may be cited, as the Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1102) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1102)

Sec. 15-1102. Enforcement. The Court has full power to enforce any order entered pursuant to this Article by contempt process or by such other order as may be appropriate.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1103) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1103)

Sec. 15-1103. Jurisdiction. The authority of the court continues during the entire pendency of the foreclosure and until disposition of all matters arising out of the foreclosure.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1104) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1104)

Sec. 15-1104. Wrongful Inducement of Abandonment. Any person who willfully misrepresents to the Court any fact resulting in a finding of abandonment of mortgaged real estate in connection with subsection (b) of Section 15-1603 or subsection (d) of Section 15-1706 of this Article or who threatens to injure the person or property of occupants of mortgaged real estate, or who knowingly gives such occupants false and misleading information, or who harasses or intimidates such occupants, with the intent of inducing such occupants to abandon the mortgaged premises, in order to obtain a finding of abandonment under subsection (b) of Section 15-1603 or subsection (d) of Section 15-1706 of this Article, shall be guilty of a Class B misdemeanor.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1105) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1105)

Sec. 15-1105. Interpretation. (a) "May." The word "may" as used in this Article means permissive and not mandatory.

(b) "Shall." The word "shall" as used in this Article means mandatory and not permissive.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1106) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1106)

Sec. 15-1106. Applicability of Article.

(a) Exclusive Procedure. From and after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462), the following shall be foreclosed in a foreclosure pursuant to this Article:

(1) any mortgage created prior to, on or after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462);

(2) any real estate installment contract for residential real estate entered into on or after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462) and under which the amount unpaid under the terms of the contract at the time of the filing of the foreclosure complaint, including principal and due and unpaid interest, at the rate prior to default, is less than 80% of the original purchase price of the real estate as stated in the contract;

(3) any collateral assignment of beneficial interest made on or after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462) (i) which is made with respect to a land trust which was created contemporaneously with the collateral assignment of beneficial interest, (ii) which is made pursuant to a requirement of the holder of the obligation to secure the payment of money or performance of other obligations and (iii) as to which the security agreement or other writing creating the collateral assignment permits the real estate which is the subject of the land trust to be sold to satisfy the obligations.

(b) Uniform Commercial Code. A secured party, as defined in Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, may at its election enforce its security interest in a foreclosure under this Article if its security interest was created on or after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462) and is created by (i) a collateral assignment of beneficial interest in a land trust or (ii) an assignment for security of a buyer's interest in a real estate installment contract. Such election shall be made by filing a complaint stating that it is brought under this Article, in which event the provisions of this Article shall be exclusive in such foreclosure.

(c) Real Estate Installment Contracts. A contract seller may at its election enforce in a foreclosure under this Article any real estate installment contract entered into on or after July 1, 1987 (the effective date of Public Act 84-1462) and not required to be foreclosed under this Article. Such election shall be made by filing a complaint stating that it is brought under this Article, in which event the provisions of this Article shall be exclusive in such foreclosure. A contract seller must enforce its contract under this Article if the real estate installment contract is one described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of this Section.

(d) Effect of Election. An election made pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) of this Section shall be binding only in the foreclosure and shall be void if the foreclosure is terminated prior to entry of judgment.

(e) Supplementary General Principles of Law. General principles of law and equity, such as those relating to capacity to contract, principal and agent, marshalling of assets, priority, subrogation, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentations, duress, collusion, mistake, bankruptcy or other validating or invalidating cause, supplement this Article unless displaced by a particular provision of it. Section 9-110 of this Code shall not be applicable to any real estate installment contract which is foreclosed under this Article.

(f) Pending Actions. A complaint to foreclose a mortgage filed before July 1, 1987, and all proceedings and third party actions in connection therewith, shall be adjudicated pursuant to the Illinois statutes and applicable law in effect immediately prior to July 1, 1987. Such statutes shall remain in effect with respect to such complaint, proceedings and third party actions notwithstanding the amendment or repeal of such statutes on or after July 1, 1987.

(g) The changes made to this Section by this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly apply to real estate installment contracts for residential real estate executed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 100th General Assembly.

(Source: P.A. 100-416, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1107) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1107)

Sec. 15-1107. Mode of Procedure.

(a) Other Statutes. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, the mode of procedure, including the manner of service of pleadings and other papers and service by publication, shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article II of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure and any other statutes of this State which are from time to time applicable, and with Illinois Supreme Court Rules applicable to actions generally or otherwise applicable. If a mortgage lien is being foreclosed under this Article and one or more non-mortgage liens or encumbrances is being foreclosed or enforced in the same proceedings, then, regardless of the respective priorities of the various liens or encumbrances, the procedures and all other provisions of this Article shall govern such proceedings, and any inconsistent statutory provisions shall not be applicable. Without limiting the foregoing, any provision of Article XII or any other Article of the Code of Civil Procedure shall apply unless inconsistent with this Article and, in case of such inconsistency, shall not be applicable to actions under this Article.

(b) Mechanics' Liens. Mechanics' liens shall be enforced as provided in the Mechanics Lien Act; provided, however, that any mechanics' lien claimant may assert such lien in a foreclosure under this Article, may intervene in such foreclosure in accordance with this Article and may be made a party in such foreclosure.

(c) Instruments Deemed a Mortgage. For the purpose of proceeding under this Article, any instrument described in paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (a) of Section 15-1106, or in subsection (b) or (c) of Section 15-1106 which is foreclosed under this Article shall be deemed a mortgage. For such purpose, the real estate installment contract purchaser, the assignor of the beneficial interest in the land trust and the debtor, as appropriate, shall be deemed the mortgagor, and the real estate installment contract seller, the assignee of the beneficial interest in the land trust and the secured party, as appropriate, shall be deemed the mortgagee.

(Source: P.A. 96-328, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1108)

Sec. 15-1108. Declaration of policy relating to abandoned residential property. The following findings directly relate to the changes made by this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly. The General Assembly finds that residential mortgage foreclosures and the abandoned properties that sometimes follow create enormous challenges for Illinois residents, local governments, and the courts, reducing neighboring property values, reducing the tax base, increasing crime, placing neighbors at greater risk of foreclosure, imposing additional costs on local governments, and increasing the burden on the courts of this State; conversely, maintaining and securing abandoned properties stabilizes property values and the tax base, decreases crime, reduces the risk of foreclosure for nearby properties, thus reducing costs for local governments and making a substantial contribution to the operation and maintenance of the courts of this State by reducing the volume of matters which burden the court system in this State. The General Assembly further finds that the average foreclosure case for residential property takes close to 2 years in Illinois; when a property is abandoned, the lengthy foreclosure process harms lien-holders, neighbors, and local governments, and imposes significant and unnecessary burdens on the courts of this State; and an expedited foreclosure process for abandoned residential property can also help the courts of this State by decreasing the volume of foreclosure cases and allowing these cases to proceed more efficiently through the court system. The General Assembly further finds that housing counseling has proven to be an effective way to help many homeowners find alternatives to foreclosure; and that housing counseling therefore also reduces the volume of matters which burden the court system in this State and allows the courts to more efficiently handle the burden of foreclosure cases.

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 12 heading) Part 12. Definitions

(735 ILCS 5/15-1200.5)

Sec. 15-1200.5. Abandoned residential property. "Abandoned residential property" means residential real estate that:

(a) either:

(1) is not occupied by any mortgagor or lawful occupant as a principal residence; or

(2) contains an incomplete structure if the real estate is zoned for residential development, where the structure is empty or otherwise uninhabited and is in need of maintenance, repair, or securing; and

(b) with respect to which either:

(1) two or more of the following conditions are shown to exist:

(A) construction was initiated on the property and was discontinued prior to completion, leaving a building unsuitable for occupancy, and no construction has taken place for at least 6 months;

(B) multiple windows on the property are boarded up or closed off or are smashed through, broken off, or unhinged, or multiple window panes are broken and unrepaired;

(C) doors on the property are smashed through, broken off, unhinged, or continuously unlocked;

(D) the property has been stripped of copper or other materials, or interior fixtures to the property have been removed;

(E) gas, electrical, or water services to the entire property have been terminated;

(F) there exist one or more written statements of the mortgagor or the mortgagor's personal representative or assigns, including documents of conveyance, which indicate a clear intent to abandon the property;

(G) law enforcement officials have received at least one report of trespassing or vandalism or other illegal acts being committed at the property in the last 6 months;

(H) the property has been declared unfit for occupancy and ordered to remain vacant and unoccupied under an order issued by a municipal or county authority or a court of competent jurisdiction;

(I) the local police, fire, or code enforcement authority has requested the owner or other interested or authorized party to secure or winterize the property due to the local authority declaring the property to be an imminent danger to the health, safety, and welfare of the public;

(J) the property is open and unprotected and in reasonable danger of significant damage due to exposure to the elements, vandalism, or freezing; or

(K) there exists other evidence indicating a clear intent to abandon the property; or

(2) the real estate is zoned for residential development and is a vacant lot that is in need of maintenance, repair, or securing.

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1200.7)

Sec. 15-1200.7. Abandoned residential property; exceptions. A property shall not be considered abandoned residential property if: (i) there is an unoccupied building which is undergoing construction, renovation, or rehabilitation that is proceeding diligently to completion, and the building is in substantial compliance with all applicable ordinances, codes, regulations, and laws; (ii) there is a building occupied on a seasonal basis, but otherwise secure; (iii) there is a secure building on which there are bona fide rental or sale signs; (iv) there is a building that is secure, but is the subject of a probate action, action to quiet title, or other ownership dispute; or (v) there is a building that is otherwise secure and in substantial compliance with all applicable ordinances, codes, regulations, and laws.

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1201) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1201)

Sec. 15-1201. Agricultural Real Estate. "Agricultural real estate" means real estate which is used primarily (i) for the growing and harvesting of crops, (ii) for the feeding, breeding and management of livestock, (iii) for dairying, or (iv) for any other agricultural or horticultural use or combination thereof, including without limitation, aquaculture, silviculture, and any other activities customarily engaged in by persons engaged in the business of farming.

(Source: P.A. 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1202) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1202)

Sec. 15-1202. Collateral Assignment of Beneficial Interest. "Collateral assignment of beneficial interest" means any pledge or assignment of the beneficial interest in a land trust to any person to secure a debt or other obligation.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1202.5)

Sec. 15-1202.5. Dwelling unit. For the purposes of Sections 9-207.5, 15-1224, 15-1225, 15-1506, 15-1508, 15-1508.5, 15-1701, 15-1703, and 15-1704 only, "dwelling unit" means a room or suite of rooms providing complete, independent living facilities for at least one person, including permanent provisions for sanitation, cooking, eating, sleeping, and other activities routinely associated with daily life.

(Source: P.A. 97-575, eff. 8-26-11; 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1203) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1203)

Sec. 15-1203. Foreclosure. "Foreclosure" means an action commenced under this Article and "to foreclose" means to terminate legal and equitable interests in real estate pursuant to a foreclosure.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1204) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1204)

Sec. 15-1204. Guarantor. "Guarantor" means any person who has undertaken to pay any indebtedness or perform any obligation of a mortgagor under a mortgage or of any other person who owes payment or the performance of other obligations secured by the mortgage, which undertaking is made by a guaranty or surety agreement of any kind.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1205) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1205)

Sec. 15-1205. Land Trust. "Land trust" means any trust arrangement under which the legal and equitable title to real estate is held by a trustee, the interest of the beneficiary of the trust is personal property and the beneficiary or any person designated in writing by the beneficiary has (i) the exclusive power to direct or control the trustee in dealing with the title to the trust property, (ii) the exclusive control of the management, operation, renting and selling of the trust property and (iii) the exclusive right to the earnings, avails and proceeds of the trust property.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1206) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1206)

Sec. 15-1206. Mechanics' Lien. "Mechanics' lien" or "mechanics' lien claim" means a lien or claim arising under the Mechanics Lien Act.

(Source: P.A. 96-328, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1207) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1207)

Sec. 15-1207. Mortgage. "Mortgage" means any consensual lien created by a written instrument which grants or retains an interest in real estate to secure a debt or other obligation. The term "mortgage" includes, without limitation:

(a) mortgages securing "reverse mortgage" loans as authorized by subsection (a) of Section 5 of the Illinois Banking Act;

(b) mortgages securing "revolving credit" loans as authorized by subsection (c) of Section 5 of the Illinois Banking Act, Section 1-6b of the Illinois Savings and Loan Act and Section 46 of the Illinois Credit Union Act;

(c) every deed conveying real estate, although an absolute conveyance in its terms, which shall have been intended only as a security in the nature of a mortgage;

(d) equitable mortgages; and

(e) instruments which would have been deemed instruments in the nature of a mortgage prior to the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1987.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1208) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1208)

Sec. 15-1208. Mortgagee. "Mortgagee" means (i) the holder of an indebtedness or obligee of a non-monetary obligation secured by a mortgage or any person designated or authorized to act on behalf of such holder and (ii) any person claiming through a mortgagee as successor.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1209) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1209)

Sec. 15-1209. Mortgagor. "Mortgagor" means (i) the person whose interest in the real estate is the subject of the mortgage and (ii) any person claiming through a mortgagor as successor. Where a mortgage is executed by a trustee of a land trust, the mortgagor is the trustee and not the beneficiary or beneficiaries.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1210) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1210)

Sec. 15-1210. Nonrecord Claimant. "Nonrecord claimant" means any person (i) who has or claims to have an interest in mortgaged real estate, (ii) whose name or interest, at the time a notice of foreclosure is recorded in accordance with Section 15-1503, is not disclosed of record either (1) by means of a recorded notice or (2) by means of a proceeding which under the law as in effect at the time the foreclosure is commenced would afford constructive notice of the existence of such interest and (iii) whose interest falls in any of the following categories: (1) right of homestead, (2) judgment creditor, (3) beneficial interest under any trust other than the beneficial interest of a beneficiary of a trust in actual possession of all or part of the real estate or (4) mechanics' lien claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purpose of this Article no proceeding shall be deemed to constitute constructive notice of the interest of any nonrecord claimant in the mortgaged real estate unless in the proceeding there is a legal description of the real estate sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty. The classification of any person as a nonrecord claimant under the foregoing definition shall not be affected by any actual notice or knowledge of or attributable to the mortgagee.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1211) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1211)

Sec. 15-1211. Notice of Foreclosure. "Notice of foreclosure" means the notice of a foreclosure which is made and recorded in accordance with Section 15-1503 of this Article.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1212) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1212)

Sec. 15-1212. Owner of Redemption. "Owner of redemption" means a mortgagor, or other owner or co-owner of the mortgaged real estate.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1213) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1213)

Sec. 15-1213. Real Estate. "Real estate" means land or any estate or interest in, over or under land (including minerals, air rights, structures, fixtures and other things which by custom, usage or law pass with a conveyance of land though not described or mentioned in the contract of sale or instrument of conveyance). "Mortgaged real estate" means the real estate which is the subject of a mortgage. "Real estate" includes a manufactured home as defined in subdivision (53) of Section 9-102 of the Uniform Commercial Code that is real property as defined in the Conveyance and Encumbrance of Manufactured Homes as Real Property and Severance Act.

(Source: P.A. 98-749, eff. 7-16-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1214) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1214)

Sec. 15-1214. Real Estate Installment Contract. "Real estate installment contract" means any agreement or contract for a deed under which the purchase price is to be paid in installments with title to the real estate to be conveyed to the buyer upon payment of the purchase price or a specified portion thereof. For the purpose of this definition, an earnest money deposit shall not be considered an installment.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1215) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1215)

Sec. 15-1215. Receiver. "Receiver" means a receiver appointed pursuant to Section 15-1704 of this Article.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1216) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1216)

Sec. 15-1216. Recorder. "Recorder" means (i) the Recorder of the county in which the mortgaged real estate is located or (ii) if the mortgaged real estate is registered under the Torrens Act, the Registrar of Titles of the county in which the mortgaged real estate is located. "Recorder" includes any authorized assistant or employee of the Recorder.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1217) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1217)

Sec. 15-1217. Recording of Instruments. "Recording of instruments" or "to record" means to present to the Recorder a document, in recordable form, which is to be recorded in accordance with Section 3-5024 of the Counties Code, together with the required recording fee. The Registrar of Titles shall accept the filing of notices or affidavits required or permitted by this Article without the necessity of the production of evidence of title.

(Source: P.A. 96-328, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1218) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1218)

Sec. 15-1218. Recorded Notice. "Recorded notice" with respect to any real estate means (i) any instrument filed in accordance with Sections 2-1901 or 12-101 of the Code of Civil Procedure or (ii) any recorded instrument which discloses (a) the names and addresses of the persons making the claim or asserting the interest described in the notice; (b) that such persons have or claim some interest in or lien on the subject real estate; (c) the nature of the claim; (d) the names of the persons against whom the claim is made; (e) a legal description of the real estate sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty; (f) the name and address of the person executing the notice; and (g) the name and address of the person preparing the notice.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1219) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1219)

Sec. 15-1219. Residential Real Estate. "Residential real estate" means any real estate, except a single tract of agricultural real estate consisting of more than 40 acres, which is improved with a single family residence or residential condominium units or a multiple dwelling structure containing single family dwelling units for six or fewer families living independently of each other, which residence, or at least one of which condominium or dwelling units, is occupied as a principal residence either (i) if a mortgagor is an individual, by that mortgagor, that mortgagor's spouse or that mortgagor's descendants, or (ii) if a mortgagor is a trustee of a trust or an executor or administrator of an estate, by a beneficiary of that trust or estate or by such beneficiary's spouse or descendants or (iii) if a mortgagor is a corporation, by persons owning collectively at least 50 percent of the shares of voting stock of such corporation or by a spouse or descendants of such persons. The use of a portion of residential real estate for non-residential purposes shall not affect the characterization of such real estate as residential real estate. For purposes of the definition of the term "abandoned residential property" in Section 15-1200.5 of this Article, "abandoned residential property" shall not include the requirement that the real estate be occupied, or if zoned for residential development, improved with a dwelling structure.

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1220) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1220)

Sec. 15-1220. Statutory Judgment Rate. "Statutory judgment rate" means the rate of interest on judgments specified in Section 2-1303 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1221) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1221)

Sec. 15-1221. Unknown Owner. "Unknown owner" means the same as "unknown owner" as used in Section 2-413 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1222) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1222)

Sec. 15-1222. Acts Referred to in this Article. Acts referred to by name in this Article shall mean those Acts, as amended from time to time, and, in particular:

(a) "Torrens Act" means "An act concerning land titles", approved May 1, 1897.

(b) (Blank).

(c) "Mechanics Lien Act" means the Mechanics Lien Act, 770 ILCS 60/Act.

(Source: P.A. 96-328, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1223)

Sec. 15-1223. Occupant. "Occupant" means a person in lawful physical possession of all or part of the mortgaged real estate.

(Source: P.A. 88-265.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1224)

Sec. 15-1224. Bona fide lease.

(a) For purposes of Sections 9-207.5, 15-1225, 15-1506, 15-1508, and 15-1701 of this Code only, the term "bona fide lease" means a lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure for which:

(1) the mortgagor or the child, spouse, or parent of the mortgagor is not the tenant;

(2) the lease was the result of an arms-length transaction;

(3) the lease requires the receipt of rent that is not substantially less than fair market rent for the property or the rent is reduced or subsidized pursuant to a federal, State, or local subsidy; and

(4) either (i) the lease was entered into or renewed on or before the date of the filing of the lis pendens on the residential real estate in foreclosure pursuant to Section 2-1901 of this Code or (ii) the lease was entered into or renewed after the date of the filing of the lis pendens on the residential real estate in foreclosure and before the date of the judicial sale of the residential real estate in foreclosure, and the term of the lease is for one year or less.

(b) A written lease for a term exceeding one year that is entered into or renewed after the date of the filing of the lis pendens on the residential real estate in foreclosure pursuant to Section 2-1901 of this Code and before the date of the judicial sale of the residential real estate in foreclosure that otherwise meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section shall be deemed to be a bona fide lease for a term of one year.

(c) An oral lease entered into at any time before the date of the judicial sale of the residential real estate in foreclosure that otherwise meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section shall be deemed to be a bona fide lease for a month-to-month term, unless the lessee proves by a preponderance of evidence that the oral lease is for a longer term. In no event shall an oral lease be deemed to be a bona fide lease for a term of more than one year.

(d) A written or oral lease entered into on or after the date of the judicial sale of the residential real estate in foreclosure and before the date of the court order confirming the judicial sale that otherwise meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section shall be deemed to be a bona fide lease for a month-to-month term.

(e) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of this Section, a child, spouse, or parent of the mortgagor may prove by a preponderance of evidence that a written or oral lease that otherwise meets the requirements of subsection (a) of this Section is a bona fide lease.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1225)

Sec. 15-1225. Residential real estate in foreclosure. For purposes of Sections 9-207.5, 15-1224, 15-1506, 15-1508, and 15-1701 of this Code only, the term "residential real estate in foreclosure" means any real estate, except a single tract of agricultural real estate consisting of more than 40 acres, which is improved with a single family residence or residential condominium units or a multiple dwelling structure containing single family dwelling units for one or more families living independently of one another, for which an action to foreclose the real estate: (1) has commenced and is pending; (2) was pending when the bona fide lease was entered into or renewed; or (3) was commenced after the bona fide lease was entered into or renewed.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 13 heading) Part 13. Mortgage Lien Priorities

(735 ILCS 5/15-1301) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1301)

Sec. 15-1301. Lien Created. Except as provided in Section 15-1302, from the time a mortgage is recorded it shall be a lien upon the real estate that is the subject of the mortgage for all monies advanced or applied or other obligations secured in accordance with the terms of the mortgage or as authorized by law, including the amounts specified in a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with subsection (d) of Section 15-1603.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1302) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1302)

Sec. 15-1302. Certain Future Advances.

(a) Advances Made After Eighteen Months. Except as provided in subsection (b) of Section 15-1302, as to any monies advanced or applied more than 18 months after a mortgage is recorded, the mortgage shall be a lien as to subsequent purchasers and judgment creditors only from the time such monies are advanced or applied. However, nothing in this Section shall affect any lien arising or existing by virtue of the Mechanics Lien Act.

(b) Exceptions.

(1) All monies advanced or applied pursuant to commitment, whenever advanced or applied, shall be a lien from the time the mortgage is recorded. An advance shall be deemed made pursuant to commitment only if the mortgagee has bound itself to make such advance in the mortgage or in an instrument executed contemporaneously with, and referred to in, the mortgage, whether or not a subsequent event of default or other event not within the mortgagee's control has relieved or may relieve the mortgagee from its obligation.

(2) All monies advanced or applied, whenever advanced or applied, in accordance with the terms of a reverse mortgage shall be a lien from the time the mortgage is recorded.

(3) All monies advanced or applied in accordance with the terms of a revolving credit arrangement secured by a mortgage as authorized by law shall be a lien from the time the mortgage is recorded.

(4) All interest which in accordance with the terms of a mortgage is accrued or added to the principal amount secured by the mortgage, whenever added, shall be a lien from the time the mortgage is recorded.

(5) All monies advanced by the mortgagee in accordance with the terms of a mortgage to (i) preserve or restore the mortgaged real estate, (ii) preserve the lien of the mortgage or the priority thereof or (iii) enforce the mortgage, shall be a lien from the time the mortgage is recorded.

(Source: P.A. 96-328, eff. 8-11-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 14 heading) Part 14. Methods of Terminating Mortgagor's Interest in Real Estate

(735 ILCS 5/15-1401) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1401)

Sec. 15-1401. Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure. The mortgagor and mortgagee may agree on a termination of the mortgagor's interest in the mortgaged real estate after a default by a mortgagor. Any mortgagee or mortgagee's nominee may accept a deed from the mortgagor in lieu of foreclosure subject to any other claims or liens affecting the real estate. Acceptance of a deed in lieu of foreclosure shall relieve from personal liability all persons who may owe payment or the performance of other obligations secured by the mortgage, including guarantors of such indebtedness or obligations, except to the extent a person agrees not to be relieved in an instrument executed contemporaneously. A deed in lieu of foreclosure, whether to the mortgagee or mortgagee's nominee, shall not effect a merger of the mortgagee's interest as mortgagee and the mortgagee's interest derived from the deed in lieu of foreclosure. The mere tender of an executed deed by the mortgagor or the recording of a deed by the mortgagor to the mortgagee shall not constitute acceptance by the mortgagee of a deed in lieu of foreclosure.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1401.1)

Sec. 15-1401.1. Short sale in foreclosure.

(a) As used in this Section:

"Certified community development financial institution" means a community development financial institution that is certified by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund in the U.S. Department of Treasury under 12 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.

"Short sale" means the sale of real estate that is subject to a mortgage for an amount that is less than the amount owed to the mortgagee on the outstanding mortgage note.

"Residential property" means real property on which there is a dwelling unit with accommodations for 4 or fewer separate households and occupied, or to be occupied, in whole or in part, by the mortgagor; however:

(i) "residential property" is limited to the primary residence of a person;

(ii) "residential property" does not include an investment property or residence other than a primary residence; and

(iii) "residential property" does not include residential property taken in whole or in part as collateral for a commercial loan.

(b) In a foreclosure of residential real estate, if (i) the mortgagor presents to the mortgagee a bona fide written offer from a third party to purchase the property that is the subject of the foreclosure proceeding, (ii) the written offer to purchase is for an amount which constitutes a short sale of the property, and (iii) the mortgagor makes a written request to the mortgagee to approve the sale on the terms of the offer to purchase, the mortgagee must respond to the mortgagor within 90 days after receipt of the written offer and written request.

(c) The mortgagee shall determine whether to accept the mortgagor's short sale offer. Failure to accept the offer shall not impair or abrogate in any way the rights of the mortgagee or affect the status of the foreclosure proceedings. The 90-day period shall not operate as a stay of the proceedings.

(d) If an offer to purchase either a mortgage or residential property is made by an entity with a tax-exempt filing status under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code for the purpose of reselling that mortgage or residential property to the mortgagor, and financing for the repurchase will be provided by a certified community development financial institution, an affidavit, statement, agreement, or addendum limiting ownership or occupancy of the residential property by the mortgagor shall not provide a basis to avoid a sale or transfer, nor is it enforceable against the acquiring entity or any real estate broker, mortgagor, or settlement agent named in the affidavit, statement, agreement, or addendum. At the time of the offer, the following disclosures shall be made to the mortgagee by the mortgagor in connection with any purchase or sale under this subsection: (i) the entity seeking to purchase shall disclose its tax-exempt status; (ii) the entity that will finance the sale following the purchase shall disclose its status as a certified community development financial institution; and (iii) the disclosure shall state whether the residential property is to be sold back to the mortgagor. Upon request by the mortgagee, a certified community development financial institution shall provide documentation evidencing its current certification status. Nothing in this subsection shall impair, abrogate, or abridge in any manner the rights of the mortgagee pursuant to subsection (c) to accept or reject an offer to purchase either a mortgage or residential property, nor shall it give rise to a cause of action.

(Source: P.A. 101-396, eff. 8-16-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1402) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1402)

Sec. 15-1402. Consent Foreclosure.

(a) No Objection. In a foreclosure, the court shall enter a judgment satisfying the mortgage indebtedness by vesting absolute title to the mortgaged real estate in the mortgagee free and clear of all claims, liens (except liens of the United States of America which cannot be foreclosed without judicial sale) and interest of the mortgagor, including all rights of reinstatement and redemption, and of all rights of all other persons made parties in the foreclosure whose interests are subordinate to that of the mortgagee and all nonrecord claimants given notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 if at any time before sale:

(1) the mortgagee offers, in connection with such a judgment, to waive any and all rights to a personal judgment for deficiency against the mortgagor and against all other persons liable for the indebtedness or other obligations secured by the mortgage;

(2) such offer is made either in the foreclosure complaint or by motion upon notice to all parties not in default;

(3) all mortgagors who then have an interest in the mortgaged real estate, by answer to the complaint, response to the motion or stipulation filed with the court expressly consent to the entry of such judgment;

(4) no other party, by answer or by response to the motion or stipulation, within the time allowed for such answer or response, objects to the entry of such judgment; and

(5) upon notice to all parties who have not previously been found in default for failure to appear, answer or otherwise plead.

(b) Objection. If any party other than a mortgagor who then has an interest in the mortgaged real estate objects to the entry of such judgment by consent, the court, after hearing, shall enter an order providing either:

(1) that for good cause shown, the judgment by consent shall not be allowed; or

(2) that, good cause not having been shown by the objecting party and the objecting party not having agreed to pay the amount required to redeem in accordance with subsection (d) of Section 15-1603, title to the mortgaged real estate be vested in the mortgagee as requested by the mortgagee and consented to by the mortgagor; or

(3) determining the amount required to redeem in accordance with subsection (d) of Section 15-1603, finding that the objecting party (or, if more than one party so objects, the objecting party who has the least priority) has agreed to pay such amount and additional interest under the mortgage accrued to the date of payment within 30 days after entry of the order, and declaring that upon payment of such amount within 30 days title to the mortgaged real estate shall be vested in such objecting party. Title so vested shall be free and clear of all claims, liens (except liens of the United States of America which cannot be foreclosed without judicial sale) and interest of the mortgagor and of all rights of other persons made parties in the foreclosure whose interests are subordinate to the interest of the mortgagee and all nonrecord claimants given notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502. If any objecting party subject to such an order has not paid the amount required to redeem in accordance with that order within the 30-day period, the court (i) shall order that such title to the mortgaged real estate shall vest in the objecting party next higher in priority (and successively with respect to each other objecting party in increasing order of such party's priority), if any, upon that party's agreeing to pay within 30 days after the entry of such further order, such amount as specified in the original order plus additional interest under the terms of the mortgage accrued to the date of payment, provided that such party pays such amount within the 30-day period, and (ii) may order that the non-paying objecting party pay costs, interest accrued between the start of the preceding 30-day period and the later of the date another objecting party makes the payment, if applicable, or the date such period expired, and the reasonable attorneys' fees incurred by all other parties on account of that party's objection.

(c) Judgment. Any judgment entered pursuant to Section 15-1402 shall recite the mortgagee's waiver of rights to a personal judgment for deficiency and shall bar the mortgagee from obtaining such a deficiency judgment against the mortgagor or any other person liable for the indebtedness or other obligations secured by the mortgage.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1403) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1403)

Sec. 15-1403. Common Law Strict Foreclosure. Nothing in this Article shall affect the right of a mortgagee to foreclose its mortgage by a common law strict foreclosure as in existence in Illinois on the effective date of this Article.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1404) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1404)

Sec. 15-1404. Judicial Foreclosure. Except as provided in subsection (d) of Section 15-1501, the interest in the mortgaged real estate of (i) all persons made a party in such foreclosure and (ii) all nonrecord claimants given notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502, shall be terminated by the judicial sale of the real estate, pursuant to a judgment of foreclosure, provided the sale is confirmed in accordance with this Article.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1405) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1405)

Sec. 15-1405. Power of Sale. No real estate within this State may be sold by virtue of any power of sale contained in a mortgage or any other agreement, and all such mortgages may only be foreclosed in accordance with this Article.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 15 heading) Part 15. Judicial Foreclosure Procedure

(735 ILCS 5/15-1501) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1501)

Sec. 15-1501. Parties.

(a) Necessary Parties. For the purposes of Section 2-405 of the Code of Civil Procedure, only (i) the mortgagor and (ii) other persons (but not guarantors) who owe payment of indebtedness or the performance of other obligations secured by the mortgage and against whom personal liability is asserted shall be necessary parties defendant in a foreclosure. The court may proceed to adjudicate their respective interests, but any disposition of the mortgaged real estate shall be subject to (i) the interests of all other persons not made a party or (ii) interests in the mortgaged real estate not otherwise barred or terminated in the foreclosure.

(b) Permissible Parties. Any party may join as a party any other person, although such person is not a necessary party, including, without limitation, the following:

(1) All persons having a possessory interest in the mortgaged real estate;

(2) A mortgagor's spouse who has waived the right of homestead;

(3) A trustee holding an interest in the mortgaged real estate or a beneficiary of such trust;

(4) The owner or holder of a note secured by a trust deed;

(5) Guarantors, provided that in a foreclosure any such guarantor also may be joined as a party in a separate count in an action on such guarantor's guaranty;

(6) The State of Illinois or any political subdivision thereof, where a foreclosure involves real estate upon which the State or such subdivision has an interest or claim for lien, in which case "An Act in relation to immunity for the State of Illinois", approved December 10, 1971, as amended, shall not be effective;

(7) The United States of America or any agency or department thereof where a foreclosure involves real estate upon which the United States of America or such agency or department has an interest or a claim for lien;

(8) Any assignee of leases or rents relating to the mortgaged real estate;

(9) Any person who may have a lien under the Mechanic's Lien Act; and

(10) Any other mortgagee or claimant.

(c) Unknown Owners. Any unknown owner may be made a party in accordance with Section 2-413 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(d) Right to Become Party. Any person who has or claims an interest in real estate which is the subject of a foreclosure or an interest in any debt secured by the mortgage shall have an unconditional right to appear and become a party in such foreclosure in accordance with subsection (e) of Section 15-1501, provided, that neither such appearance by a lessee whose interest in the real estate is subordinate to the interest being foreclosed, nor the act of making such lessee a party, shall result in the termination of the lessee's lease unless the termination of the lease or lessee's interest in the mortgaged real estate is specifically ordered by the court in the judgment of foreclosure.

(e) Time of Intervention.

(1) Of Right. A person not a party, other than a nonrecord claimant given notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502, who has or claims an interest in the mortgaged real estate may appear and become a party at any time prior to the entry of judgment of foreclosure. A nonrecord claimant given such notice may appear and become a party at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the entry of a judgment of foreclosure or (ii) 30 days after such notice is given.

(2) In Court's Discretion. After the right to intervene expires and prior to the sale in accordance with the judgment, the court may permit a person who has or claims an interest in the mortgaged real estate to appear and become a party on such terms as the court may deem just.

(3) Later Right. After the sale of the mortgaged real estate in accordance with a judgment of foreclosure and prior to the entry of an order confirming the sale, a person who has or claims an interest in the mortgaged real estate, may appear and become a party, on such terms as the court may deem just, for the sole purpose of claiming an interest in the proceeds of sale. Any such party shall be deemed a party from the commencement of the foreclosure, and the interest of such party in the real estate shall be subject to all orders and judgments entered in the foreclosure.

(4) Termination of Interest. Except as provided in Section 15-1501(d), the interest of any person who is allowed to appear and become a party shall be terminated, and the interest of such party in the real estate shall attach to the proceeds of sale.

(f) Separate Actions. Any mortgagee or claimant, other than the mortgagee who commences a foreclosure, whose interest in the mortgaged real estate is recorded prior to the filing of a notice of foreclosure in accordance with this Article but who is not made a party to such foreclosure, shall not be barred from filing a separate foreclosure (i) as an intervening defendant or counterclaimant in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) of Section 15-1501 if a judgment of foreclosure has not been entered in the original foreclosure or (ii) in a new foreclosure subsequent to the entry of a judgment of foreclosure in the original foreclosure.

(g) Service on the State of Illinois. When making the State of Illinois a party to a foreclosure, summons may be served by sending, by registered or certified mail, a copy of the summons and the complaint to the Attorney General. The complaint shall set forth with particularity the nature of the interest or lien of the State of Illinois. If such interest or lien appears in a recorded instrument, the complaint must state the document number of the instrument and the office wherein it was recorded.

(h) Special Representatives. With respect to the property that is the subject of the action, the court is not required to appoint a special representative for a deceased mortgagor for the purpose of defending the action, if there is a:

(1) living person, persons, or entity that holds a 100% interest in the property, by virtue of being the deceased mortgagor's surviving joint tenant or surviving tenant by the entirety;

(2) beneficiary under a transfer on death instrument executed by the deceased mortgagor prior to death;

(3) person, persons, or entity that was conveyed title to the property by the deceased mortgagor prior to death;

(4) person, persons, or entity that was conveyed title to the property from the deceased mortgagor's probate estate by the administrator or executor; or

(5) trust that was conveyed title to the property by:

(A) the deceased mortgagor prior to death; or

(B) any other person, persons, or entity that is identified in this subsection (h) as being exempt from the requirement to appoint a special representative.

In no event may a deficiency judgment be sought or entered in the foreclosure case pursuant to subsection (e) of Section 15-1508 against a deceased mortgagor.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13; 99-24, eff. 1-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1501.5)

Sec. 15-1501.5. Return from combat stay. In addition to any rights and obligations provided under the federal Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, whenever it is determined in a foreclosure proceeding that the mortgagor defendant is a person who was deployed to a combat or combat support posting while on active military duty and serving overseas within the previous 12 months, the court must stay the proceedings for a period of 90 days upon application to the court by the mortgagor defendant. "Active military duty" means, for purposes of this Section, service on active duty as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, the Illinois National Guard, or any reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(Source: P.A. 96-901, eff. 1-1-11; 97-333, eff. 8-12-11.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1501.6)

Sec. 15-1501.6. Relief in mortgage foreclosure proceedings for military personnel in military service.

(a) In this Section:

"Military service" means any full-time training or duty, no matter how described under federal or State law, for which a service member is ordered to report by the President, Governor of a state, commonwealth, or territory of the United States, or other appropriate military authority.

"Service member" means a resident of Illinois who is a member of any component of the U.S. Armed Forces or the National Guard of any state, the District of Columbia, a commonwealth, or a territory of the United States.

(b) In an action for foreclosure, a mortgagor who is a service member that has entered military service for a period greater than 29 consecutive days or any member of the mortgagor's family who resides with the mortgagor at the mortgaged premises, if the mortgagor entered into the mortgage agreement before the mortgagor received orders for military service on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly, may file a motion for relief and the court shall, if the mortgagor's ability to pay the agreed mortgage payments or to defend the foreclosure proceedings is materially affected by the mortgagor's military service, do one or more of the following:

(1) stay the proceedings for a period of 90 days after the mortgagor returns from military service, unless, in the opinion of the court, justice and equity require a longer or shorter period of time; or

(2) adjust the obligation under the mortgage agreement by reducing the monthly payments for a period lasting up to 90 days after the mortgagor returns from military service and extending the term of the mortgage, provided that the adjustment preserves the interest of all parties to it.

(c) In order to be eligible for the benefits granted to a service member under this Section, a service member or a member of the service member's family who resides with the service member at the mortgaged premises must provide the court and the mortgagee with a copy of the orders calling the service member to military service in excess of 29 consecutive days and of any orders further extending the service member's period of service.

(d) If a stay is granted under this Section, the court may grant the mortgagee such relief as equity may require.

(e) The forms of relief available under this Section shall continue to be available up to 90 days after the completion of the service member's military service.

(f) In addition to any sanction available to the court for violation of a stay or order, a violation of this Section constitutes a civil rights violation under the Illinois Human Rights Act. All proceeds from the collection of any civil penalty imposed pursuant to the Illinois Human Rights Act under this subsection shall be deposited into the Illinois Military Family Relief Fund.

(Source: P.A. 97-913, eff. 1-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1502) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1502)

Sec. 15-1502. Nonrecord Claimants. (a) Right to Become Record Claimant. At any time prior to the recording of a notice of foreclosure in accordance with Section 15-1503, a nonrecord claimant or unknown owner may become a record claimant with respect to the foreclosure by recording a notice of such claimant's interest in the mortgaged real estate in accordance with Section 15-1218.

(b) Rights of Nonrecord Claimants After Notice. The interest in the mortgaged real estate of a nonrecord claimant who is given notice of the foreclosure as provided in paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 shall be barred and terminated by any judgment of foreclosure to the same extent as if such claimant had been a party.

(c) Terminating Rights of Nonrecord Claimants. (1) Contents of Affidavit. A party in a foreclosure seeking to bar and terminate the interest in the mortgaged real estate of nonrecord claimants shall file in the office of the clerk of the court in which such action is pending an affidavit stating (i) the names and respective present or last known places of residence of such nonrecord claimants, or (ii) that the existence, names or the present or last known places of residence, or both, of such nonrecord claimants are unknown as of that time to the party and to the party's attorney. Such affidavit, with respect to names and places of residence, may be made upon information and belief of the affiant. The affidavit need not state that inquiry has been made to ascertain the names or present or last known places of residence of such nonrecord claimants, and no such inquiry need be made.

(2) Notice. At least 30 days prior to the entry of a judgment of foreclosure, any person identified in the affidavit described in paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 shall be given a notice of the foreclosure complying with the requirements of Section 15-1503 by the party filing the affidavit. Such notice shall be given in the manner and upon the terms and conditions set forth in Sections 2-206 and 2-207 of the Code of Civil Procedure, except that (i) such notice with respect to nonrecord claimants whose names are not set forth in such affidavit, instead of being addressed to such nonrecord claimants by name, may simply be addressed to "Nonrecord Claimants" and (ii) when the mortgaged real estate is located within a municipality in a county with a population under 2,000,000, publication shall be in a newspaper generally circulated in such municipality. Such notice shall have the same effect with respect to all nonrecord claimants designated therein as though a notice containing their names had been published in accordance with Sections 2-206 and 2-207 of the Code of Civil Procedure and may be combined with any notice published against parties defendant in the same action pursuant to those Sections.

(3) Errors. Any inaccuracy in the affidavit described in paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 or the failure to file such affidavit or the failure to give notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 shall not invalidate any sale made pursuant to this Article.

(4) Rights of Barred Nonrecord Claimant. Nothing in paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 shall affect the rights, if any, of any nonrecord claimant whose interest in the mortgaged real estate was barred and terminated to bring an action against any party to the foreclosure on whose behalf the affidavit was filed, on account of the filing of an inaccurate affidavit by such party in accordance with paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502 or the failure to give notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1502.5)

Sec. 15-1502.5. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 98-25, eff. 6-20-13. Repealed internally, eff. 7-1-16.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1503) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1503)

Sec. 15-1503. Notice of foreclosure.

(a) A notice of foreclosure, whether the foreclosure is initiated by complaint or counterclaim, made in accordance with this Section and recorded in the county in which the mortgaged real estate is located shall be constructive notice of the pendency of the foreclosure to every person claiming an interest in or lien on the mortgaged real estate, whose interest or lien has not been recorded prior to the recording of such notice of foreclosure. Such notice of foreclosure must be executed by any party or any party's attorney and shall include (i) the names of all plaintiffs and the case number, (ii) the court in which the action was brought, (iii) the names of title holders of record, (iv) a legal description of the real estate sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty, (v) a common address or description of the location of the real estate and (vi) identification of the mortgage sought to be foreclosed. An incorrect common address or description of the location, or an immaterial error in the identification of a plaintiff or title holder of record, shall not invalidate the lis pendens effect of the notice under this Section. A notice which complies with this Section shall be deemed to comply with Section 2-1901 of the Code of Civil Procedure and shall have the same effect as a notice filed pursuant to that Section; however, a notice which complies with Section 2-1901 shall not be constructive notice unless it also complies with the requirements of this Section.

(b) (Blank).

(Source: P.A. 102-15, eff. 6-17-21; 103-61, eff. 6-9-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1504) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1504)

Sec. 15-1504. Pleadings and service.

(a) Form of Complaint. A foreclosure complaint may be in substantially the following form:

(1) Plaintiff files this complaint to foreclose the mortgage (or other conveyance in the nature of a mortgage) (hereinafter called "mortgage") hereinafter described and joins the following person as defendants: (here insert names of all defendants).

(2) Attached as Exhibit "A" is a copy of the mortgage and as Exhibit "B" is a copy of the note secured thereby.

(3) Information concerning mortgage:

(A) Nature of instrument: (here insert whether a mortgage, trust deed or other instrument in the nature of a mortgage, etc.)

(B) Date of mortgage:

(C) Name of mortgagor:

(D) Name of mortgagee:

(E) Date and place of recording:

(F) Identification of recording: (here insert book and page number or document number)

(G) Interest subject to the mortgage: (here insert whether fee simple, estate for years, undivided interest, etc.)

(H) Amount of original indebtedness, including subsequent advances made under the mortgage:

(I) Both the legal description of the mortgaged real estate and the common address or other information sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty:

(J) Statement as to defaults, including, but not necessarily limited to, date of default, current unpaid principal balance, per diem interest accruing, and any further information concerning the default:

(K) Name of present owner of the real estate:

(L) Names of other persons who are joined as defendants and whose interest in or lien on the mortgaged real estate is sought to be terminated:

(M) Names of defendants claimed to be personally liable for deficiency, if any:

(N) Capacity in which plaintiff brings this foreclosure (here indicate whether plaintiff is the legal holder of the indebtedness, a pledgee, an agent, the trustee under a trust deed or otherwise, as appropriate):

(O) Facts in support of redemption period shorter than the longer of (i) 7 months from the date the mortgagor or, if more than one, all the mortgagors (I) have been served with summons or by publication or (II) have otherwise submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, or (ii) 3 months from the entry of the judgment of foreclosure, if sought (here indicate whether based upon the real estate not being residential or real estate value less than 90% of amount owed, etc.):

(P) Statement that the right of redemption has been waived by all owners of redemption, if applicable:

(Q) Facts in support of request for attorneys' fees and of costs and expenses, if applicable:

(R) Facts in support of a request for appointment of mortgagee in possession or for appointment of receiver, and identity of such receiver, if sought:

(S) Offer to mortgagor in accordance with Section 15-1402 to accept title to the real estate in satisfaction of all indebtedness and obligations secured by the mortgage without judicial sale, if sought:

(T) Name or names of defendants whose right to possess the mortgaged real estate, after the confirmation of a foreclosure sale, is sought to be terminated and, if not elsewhere stated, the facts in support thereof:

REQUEST FOR RELIEF Plaintiff requests:

(i) A judgment of foreclosure and sale.

(ii) An order granting a shortened redemption period, if sought.

(iii) A personal judgment for a deficiency, if sought.

(iv) An order granting possession, if sought.

(v) An order placing the mortgagee in possession or appointing a receiver, if sought.

(vi) A judgment for attorneys' fees, costs and expenses, if sought.

(b) Required Information. A foreclosure complaint need contain only such statements and requests called for by the form set forth in subsection (a) of Section 15-1504 as may be appropriate for the relief sought. Such complaint may be filed as a counterclaim, may be joined with other counts or may include in the same count additional matters or a request for any additional relief permitted by Article II of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(c) Allegations. The statements contained in a complaint in the form set forth in subsection (a) of Section 15-1504 are deemed and construed to include allegations as follows:

(1) that, on the date indicated, the obligor of the indebtedness or other obligations secured by the mortgage was justly indebted in the amount of the indicated original indebtedness to the original mortgagee or payee of the mortgage note;

(2) that the exhibits attached are true and correct copies of the mortgage and note and are incorporated and made a part of the complaint by express reference;

(3) that the mortgagor was at the date indicated an owner of the interest in the real estate described in the complaint and that as of that date made, executed and delivered the mortgage as security for the note or other obligations;

(4) that the mortgage was recorded in the county in which the mortgaged real estate is located, on the date indicated, in the book and page or as the document number indicated;

(5) that defaults occurred as indicated;

(6) that at the time of the filing of the complaint the persons named as present owners are the owners of the indicated interests in and to the real estate described;

(7) that the mortgage constitutes a valid, prior and paramount lien upon the indicated interest in the mortgaged real estate, which lien is prior and superior to the right, title, interest, claim or lien of all parties and nonrecord claimants whose interests in the mortgaged real estate are sought to be terminated;

(8) that by reason of the defaults alleged, if the indebtedness has not matured by its terms, the same has become due by the exercise, by the plaintiff or other persons having such power, of a right or power to declare immediately due and payable the whole of all indebtedness secured by the mortgage;

(9) that any and all notices of default or election to declare the indebtedness due and payable or other notices required to be given have been duly and properly given;

(10) that any and all periods of grace or other period of time allowed for the performance of the covenants or conditions claimed to be breached or for the curing of any breaches have expired;

(11) that the amounts indicated in the statement in the complaint are correctly stated and if such statement indicates any advances made or to be made by the plaintiff or owner of the mortgage indebtedness, that such advances were, in fact, made or will be required to be made, and under and by virtue of the mortgage the same constitute additional indebtedness secured by the mortgage; and

(12) that, upon confirmation of the sale, the holder of the certificate of sale or deed issued pursuant to that certificate or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser at the sale will be entitled to full possession of the mortgaged real estate against the parties named in clause (T) of paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of Section 15-1504 or elsewhere to the same effect; the omission of any party indicates that plaintiff will not seek a possessory order in the order confirming sale unless the request is subsequently made under subsection (h) of Section 15-1701 or by separate action under Article 9 of this Code.

(d) Request for Fees and Costs. A statement in the complaint that plaintiff seeks the inclusion of attorneys' fees and of costs and expenses shall be deemed and construed to include allegations that:

(1) plaintiff has been compelled to employ and retain attorneys to prepare and file the complaint and to represent and advise the plaintiff in the foreclosure of the mortgage and the plaintiff will thereby become liable for the usual, reasonable and customary fees of the attorneys in that behalf;

(2) the plaintiff has been compelled to advance or will be compelled to advance, various sums of money in payment of costs, fees, expenses and disbursements incurred in connection with the foreclosure, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, filing fees, stenographer's fees, witness fees, costs of publication, costs of procuring and preparing documentary evidence and costs of procuring abstracts of title, Torrens certificates, foreclosure minutes and a title insurance policy;

(3) under the terms of the mortgage, all such advances, costs, attorneys' fees and other fees, expenses and disbursements are made a lien upon the mortgaged real estate and the plaintiff is entitled to recover all such advances, costs, attorneys' fees, expenses and disbursements, together with interest on all advances at the rate provided in the mortgage, or, if no rate is provided therein, at the statutory judgment rate, from the date on which such advances are made;

(4) in order to protect the lien of the mortgage, it may become necessary for plaintiff to pay taxes and assessments which have been or may be levied upon the mortgaged real estate;

(5) in order to protect and preserve the mortgaged real estate, it may also become necessary for the plaintiff to pay liability (protecting mortgagor and mortgagee), fire and other hazard insurance premiums on the mortgaged real estate, make such repairs to the mortgaged real estate as may reasonably be deemed necessary for the proper preservation thereof, advance for costs to inspect the mortgaged real estate or to appraise it, or both, and advance for premiums for pre-existing private or governmental mortgage insurance to the extent required after a foreclosure is commenced in order to keep such insurance in force; and

(6) under the terms of the mortgage, any money so paid or expended will become an additional indebtedness secured by the mortgage and will bear interest from the date such monies are advanced at the rate provided in the mortgage, or, if no rate is provided, at the statutory judgment rate.

(e) Request for Foreclosure. The request for foreclosure is deemed and construed to mean that the plaintiff requests that:

(1) an accounting may be taken under the direction of the court of the amounts due and owing to the plaintiff;

(2) the defendants be ordered to pay to the plaintiff before expiration of any redemption period (or, if no redemption period, before a short date fixed by the court) whatever sums may appear to be due upon the taking of such account, together with attorneys' fees and costs of the proceedings (to the extent provided in the mortgage or by law);

(3) in default of such payment in accordance with the judgment, the mortgaged real estate be sold as directed by the court, to satisfy the amount due to the plaintiff as set forth in the judgment, together with the interest thereon at the statutory judgment rate from the date of the judgment;

(4) in the event the plaintiff is a purchaser of the mortgaged real estate at such sale, the plaintiff may offset against the purchase price of such real estate the amounts due under the judgment of foreclosure and order confirming the sale;

(5) in the event of such sale and the failure of any person entitled thereto to redeem prior to such sale pursuant to this Article, the defendants made parties to the foreclosure in accordance with this Article, and all nonrecord claimants given notice of the foreclosure in accordance with this Article, and all persons claiming by, through or under them, and each and any and all of them, may be forever barred and foreclosed of any right, title, interest, claim, lien, or right to redeem in and to the mortgaged real estate; and

(6) if no redemption is made prior to such sale, a deed may be issued to the purchaser thereat according to law and such purchaser be let into possession of the mortgaged real estate in accordance with Part 17 of this Article.

(f) Request for Deficiency Judgment. A request for a personal judgment for a deficiency in a foreclosure complaint if the sale of the mortgaged real estate fails to produce a sufficient amount to pay the amount found due, the plaintiff may have a personal judgment against any party in the foreclosure indicated as being personally liable therefor and the enforcement thereof be had as provided by law.

(g) Request for Possession or Receiver. A request for possession or appointment of a receiver has the meaning as stated in subsection (b) of Section 15-1706.

(h) Answers by Parties. Any party may assert its interest by counterclaim and such counterclaim may at the option of that party stand in lieu of answer to the complaint for foreclosure and all counter complaints previously or thereafter filed in the foreclosure. Any such counterclaim shall be deemed to constitute a statement that the counter claimant does not have sufficient knowledge to form a belief as to the truth or falsity of the allegations of the complaint and all other counterclaims, except to the extent that the counterclaim admits or specifically denies such allegations.

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1504.1)

Sec. 15-1504.1. Filing fee for Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund, Foreclosure Prevention Program Graduated Fund, and Abandoned Residential Property Municipality Relief Fund.

(a) Fee paid by all plaintiffs with respect to residential real estate. With respect to residential real estate, at the time of the filing of a foreclosure complaint, the plaintiff shall pay to the clerk of the court in which the foreclosure complaint is filed a fee of $50 for deposit into the Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund, a special fund created in the State treasury. The clerk shall remit the fee collected pursuant to this subsection (a) to the State Treasurer to be expended for the purposes set forth in Section 7.30 of the Illinois Housing Development Act. All fees paid by plaintiffs to the clerk of the court as provided in this subsection (a) shall be disbursed within 60 days after receipt by the clerk of the court as follows: (i) 98% to the State Treasurer for deposit into the Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund, and (ii) 2% to the clerk of the court to be retained by the clerk for deposit into the Circuit Court Clerk Operation and Administrative Fund to defray administrative expenses related to implementation of this subsection (a). Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund is not subject to sweeps, administrative charge-backs, or any other fiscal maneuver that would in any way transfer any amounts from the Foreclosure Prevention Program Fund into any other fund of the State.

(a-5) Additional fee paid by plaintiffs with respect to residential real estate.

(1) Until January 1, 2023, with respect to residential real estate, at the time of the filing of a foreclosure complaint and in addition to the fee set forth in subsection (a) of this Section, the plaintiff shall pay to the clerk of the court in which the foreclosure complaint is filed a fee for the Foreclosure Prevention Program Graduated Fund and the Abandoned Residential Property Municipality Relief Fund as follows:

(A) The fee shall be $500 if:

(i) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on its own behalf as the holder of the indebtedness; or

(ii) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category; or

(iii) the plaintiff is not a depository institution and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category.

(B) The fee shall be $250 if:

(i) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the second tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on its own behalf as the holder of the indebtedness; or

(ii) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first or second tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the second tier foreclosure filing category; or

(iii) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the second tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category; or

(iv) the plaintiff is not a depository institution and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the second tier foreclosure filing category.

(C) The fee shall be $50 if:

(i) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the third tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on its own behalf as the holder of the indebtedness; or

(ii) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first, second, or third tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the third tier foreclosure filing category; or

(iii) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the third tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the first tier foreclosure filing category; or

(iv) the plaintiff, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the third tier foreclosure filing category and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the second tier foreclosure filing category; or

(v) the plaintiff is not a depository institution and is filing the complaint on behalf of a mortgagee that, together with its affiliates, has filed a sufficient number of foreclosure complaints so as to be included in the third tier foreclosure filing category.

(2) The clerk shall remit the fee collected pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection (a-5) to the State Treasurer to be expended for the purposes set forth in Sections 7.30 and 7.31 of the Illinois Housing Development Act and for administrative expenses. All fees paid by plaintiffs to the clerk of the court as provided in paragraph (1) shall be disbursed within 60 days after receipt by the clerk of the court as follows:

(A) 28% to the State Treasurer for deposit into the Foreclosure Prevention Program Graduated Fund;

(B) 70% to the State Treasurer for deposit into the Abandoned Residential Property Municipality Relief Fund; and

(C) 2% to the clerk of the court to be retained by the clerk for deposit into the Circuit Court Clerk Operation and Administrative Fund to defray administrative expenses related to implementation of this subsection (a-5).

(3) Until January 1, 2023, with respect to residential real estate, at the time of the filing of a foreclosure complaint, the plaintiff or plaintiff's representative shall file a verified statement that states which additional fee is due under paragraph (1) of this subsection (a-5), unless the court has established another process for a plaintiff or plaintiff's representative to certify which additional fee is due under paragraph (1) of this subsection (a-5).

(4) If a plaintiff fails to provide the clerk of the court with a true and correct statement of the additional fee due under paragraph (1) of this subsection (a-5), and the mortgagor reimburses the plaintiff for any erroneous additional fee that was paid by the plaintiff to the clerk of the court, the mortgagor may seek a refund of any overpayment of the fee in an amount that shall not exceed the difference between the higher additional fee paid under paragraph (1) of this subsection (a-5) and the actual fee due thereunder. The mortgagor must petition the judge within the foreclosure action for the award of any fee overpayment pursuant to this paragraph (4) of this subsection (a-5), and the award shall be determined by the judge and paid by the clerk of the court out of the fund account into which the clerk of the court deposits fees to be remitted to the State Treasurer under paragraph (2) of this subsection (a-5), the timing of which refund payment shall be determined by the clerk of the court based upon the availability of funds in the subject fund account. This refund shall be the mortgagor's sole remedy and a mortgagor shall have no private right of action against the plaintiff or plaintiff's representatives if the additional fee paid by the plaintiff was erroneous.

(5) This subsection (a-5) is inoperative on and after January 1, 2023.

(b) Not later than March 1 of each year, the clerk of the court shall submit to the Illinois Housing Development Authority a report of the funds collected and remitted pursuant to this Section during the preceding year.

(c) As used in this Section:

"Affiliate" means any company that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another company.

"Approved counseling agency" and "approved housing counseling" have the meanings ascribed to those terms in Section 7.30 of the Illinois Housing Development Act.

"Depository institution" means a bank, savings bank, savings and loan association, or credit union chartered, organized, or holding a certificate of authority to do business under the laws of this State, another state, or the United States.

"First tier foreclosure filing category" is a classification that only applies to a plaintiff that has filed 175 or more foreclosure complaints on residential real estate located in Illinois during the calendar year immediately preceding the date of the filing of the subject foreclosure complaint.

"Second tier foreclosure filing category" is a classification that only applies to a plaintiff that has filed at least 50, but no more than 174, foreclosure complaints on residential real estate located in Illinois during the calendar year immediately preceding the date of the filing of the subject foreclosure complaint.

"Third tier foreclosure filing category" is a classification that only applies to a plaintiff that has filed no more than 49 foreclosure complaints on residential real estate located in Illinois during the calendar year immediately preceding the date of the filing of the subject foreclosure complaint.

(d) In no instance shall the fee set forth in subsection (a-5) be assessed for any foreclosure complaint filed before the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 97th General Assembly.

(e) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the Abandoned Residential Property Municipality Relief Fund is not subject to sweeps, administrative charge-backs, or any other fiscal maneuver that would in any way transfer any amounts from the Abandoned Residential Property Municipality Relief Fund into any other fund of the State.

(Source: P.A. 100-407, eff. 8-25-17; 101-10, eff. 6-5-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1504.5)

Sec. 15-1504.5. Homeowner notice to be attached to summons. For all residential foreclosure actions filed, the plaintiff must attach a Homeowner Notice to the summons. The Homeowner Notice must be in at least 12 point type and in English and Spanish. The Spanish translation shall be prepared by the Attorney General and posted on the Attorney General's website. A notice that includes the Attorney General's Spanish translation in substantially similar form shall be deemed to comply with the Spanish notice requirement in this Section. The Notice must be in substantially the following form:

IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR HOMEOWNERS IN FORECLOSURE

1. POSSESSION: The lawful occupants of a home have the right to live in the home until a judge enters an eviction order.

2. OWNERSHIP: You continue to own your home until the court rules otherwise.

3. REINSTATEMENT: As the homeowner you have the right to bring the mortgage current within 90 days after you receive the summons.

4. REDEMPTION: As the homeowner you have the right to sell your home, refinance, or pay off the loan during the redemption period.

5. SURPLUS: As the homeowner you have the right to petition the court for any excess money that results from a foreclosure sale of your home.

6. WORKOUT OPTIONS: The mortgage company does not want to foreclose on your home if there is any way to avoid it. Call your mortgage company [insert name of the homeowner's current mortgage servicer in bold and 14 point type] or its attorneys to find out the alternatives to foreclosure.

7. PAYOFF AMOUNT: You have the right to obtain a written statement of the amount necessary to pay off your loan. Your mortgage company (identified above) must provide you this statement within 10 business days of receiving your request, provided that your request is in writing and includes your name, the address of the property, and the mortgage account or loan number. Your first payoff statement will be free.

8. GET ADVICE: This information is not exhaustive and does not replace the advice of a professional. You may have other options. Get professional advice from a lawyer or certified housing counselor about your rights and options to avoid foreclosure.

9. LAWYER: If you do not have a lawyer, you may be able to find assistance by contacting the Illinois State Bar Association or a legal aid organization that provides free legal assistance.

10. PROCEED WITH CAUTION: You may be contacted by people offering to help you avoid foreclosure. Before entering into any transaction with persons offering to help you, please contact a lawyer, government official, or housing counselor for advice.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1505) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1505)

Sec. 15-1505. Real Estate Subject to Senior Liens. During a foreclosure, and any time prior to sale, a mortgagee or any other lienor may pay (i) when due installments of principal, interest or other obligations in accordance with the terms of any senior mortgage, (ii) when due installments of real estate taxes or (iii) any other obligation authorized by the mortgage instrument. With court approval, a mortgagee or any other lienor may pay any other amounts in connection with other liens, encumbrances or interests reasonably necessary to preserve the status of title.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1505.5)

Sec. 15-1505.5. Payoff demands.

(a) In a foreclosure action subject to this Article, on the written demand of a mortgagor or the mortgagor's authorized agent (which shall include the mortgagor's name, the mortgaged property's address, and the mortgage account or loan number), a mortgagee or the mortgagee's authorized agent shall prepare and deliver an accurate statement of the total outstanding balance of the mortgagor's obligation that would be required to satisfy the obligation in full as of the date of preparation ("payoff demand statement") to the mortgagor or the mortgagor's authorized agent who has requested it within 10 business days after receipt of the demand. For purposes of this Section, a payoff demand statement is accurate if prepared in good faith based on the records of the mortgagee or the mortgagee's agent.

(b) The payoff demand statement shall include the following:

(1) the information necessary to calculate the payoff amount on a per diem basis for the lesser of a period of 30 days or until the date scheduled for judicial sale;

(2) estimated charges (stated as such) that the mortgagee reasonably believes may be incurred within 30 days from the date of preparation of the payoff demand statement; and

(3) the loan number for the obligation to be paid, the address of the mortgagee, the telephone number of the mortgagee and, if a banking organization or corporation, the name of the department, if applicable, and its telephone number and facsimile phone number.

(c) A mortgagee or mortgagee's agent who willfully fails to prepare and deliver an accurate payoff demand statement within 10 business days after receipt of a written demand is liable to the mortgagor for actual damages sustained for failure to deliver the statement. The mortgagee or mortgagee's agent is liable to the mortgagor for $500 if no actual damages are sustained. For purposes of this subsection, "willfully" means a failure to comply with this Section without just cause or excuse or mitigating circumstances.

(d) The mortgagor must petition the judge within the foreclosure action for the award of any damages pursuant to this Section, which award shall be determined by the judge.

(e) Unless the payoff demand statement provides otherwise, the statement is deemed to apply only to the unpaid balance of the single obligation that is named in the demand and that is secured by the mortgage or deed of trust identified in the payoff demand statement.

(f) The demand for and preparation and delivery of a payoff demand statement pursuant to this Section does not change any date or time period that is prescribed in the note or that is otherwise provided by law. Failure to comply with any provision of this Section does not change any of the rights of the parties as set forth in the note, mortgage, or applicable law.

(g) The mortgagee or mortgagee's agent shall furnish the first payoff demand statement at no cost to the mortgagor.

(h) For the purposes of this Section, unless the context otherwise requires, "deliver" or "delivery" means depositing or causing to be deposited into the United States mail an envelope with postage prepaid that contains a copy of the documents to be delivered and that is addressed to the person whose name and address are provided in the payoff demand. "Delivery" may also include transmitting those documents by telephone facsimile to the person or electronically if the payoff demand specifically requests and authorizes that the documents be transmitted in electronic form.

(i) The mortgagee or mortgagee's agent is not required to comply with the payoff demand statement procedure set forth in this Section when responding to a notice of intent to redeem issued under Section 15-1603(e).

(Source: P.A. 95-961, eff. 1-1-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1505.6)

Sec. 15-1505.6. Objection to jurisdiction over the person.

(a) In any residential foreclosure action, the deadline for filing a motion to dismiss the entire proceeding or to quash service of process that objects to the court's jurisdiction over the person, unless extended by the court for good cause shown, is 60 days after the earlier of these events: (i) the date that the moving party filed an appearance; or (ii) the date that the moving party participated in a hearing without filing an appearance.

(b) In any residential foreclosure action, if the objecting party files a responsive pleading or a motion (other than a motion for an extension of time to answer or otherwise appear) prior to the filing of a motion in compliance with subsection (a), that party waives all objections to the court's jurisdiction over the party's person.

(Source: P.A. 97-329, eff. 8-12-11.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1505.8)

Sec. 15-1505.8. Expedited judgment and sale procedure for abandoned residential property.

(a) Upon motion and notice, the mortgagee may elect to utilize the expedited judgment and sale procedure for abandoned residential property stated in this Section to obtain a judgment of foreclosure pursuant to Section 15-1506. The motion to expedite the judgment and sale may be combined with or made part of the motion requesting a judgment of foreclosure. The notice of the motion to expedite the judgment and sale shall be sent by first-class mail to the last known address of the mortgagor, and the notice required by paragraph (1) of subsection (l) of this Section shall be posted at the property address.

(b) The motion requesting an expedited judgment of foreclosure and sale may be filed by the mortgagee at the time the foreclosure complaint is filed or any time thereafter, and shall set forth the facts demonstrating that the mortgaged real estate is abandoned residential real estate under Section 15-1200.5 and shall be supported by affidavit.

(c) If a motion for an expedited judgment and sale is filed at the time the foreclosure complaint is filed or before the period to answer the foreclosure complaint has expired, the motion shall be heard by the court no earlier than before the period to answer the foreclosure complaint has expired and no later than 21 days after the period to answer the foreclosure complaint has expired.

(d) If a motion for an expedited judgment and sale is filed after the period to answer the foreclosure complaint has expired, the motion shall be heard no later than 21 days after the motion is filed.

(e) The hearing shall be given priority by the court and shall be scheduled to be heard within the applicable time period set forth in subsection (c) or (d) of this Section.

(f) Subject to subsection (g), at the hearing on the motion requesting an expedited judgment and sale, if the court finds that the mortgaged real estate is abandoned residential property, the court shall grant the motion and immediately proceed to a trial of the foreclosure. A judgment of foreclosure under this Section shall include the matters identified in Section 15-1506.

(g) The court may not grant the motion requesting an expedited judgment and sale if the mortgagor, an unknown owner, or a lawful occupant appears in the action in any manner before or at the hearing and objects to a finding of abandonment.

(h) The court shall vacate an order issued pursuant to subsection (f) of this Section if the mortgagor or a lawful occupant appears in the action at any time prior to the court issuing an order confirming the sale pursuant to subsection (b-3) of Section 15-1508 and presents evidence establishing to the satisfaction of the court that the mortgagor or lawful occupant has not abandoned the mortgaged real estate.

(i) The reinstatement period and redemption period for the abandoned residential property shall end in accordance with paragraph (4) of subsection (b) of Section 15-1603, and the abandoned residential property shall be sold at the earliest practicable time at a sale as provided in this Article.

(j) The mortgagee or its agent may enter, secure, and maintain abandoned residential property subject to subsection (e-5) of Section 21-3 of the Criminal Code of 2012.

(k) Personal property.

(1) Upon confirmation of the sale held pursuant to Section 15-1507, any personal property remaining in or upon the abandoned residential property shall be deemed to have been abandoned by the owner of such personal property and may be disposed of or donated by the holder of the certificate of sale (or, if none, by the purchaser at the sale). In the event of donation of any such personal property, the holder of the certificate of sale (or, if none, the purchaser at the sale) may transfer such donated property with a bill of sale. No mortgagee or its successors or assigns, holder of a certificate of sale, or purchaser at the sale shall be liable for any such disposal or donation of personal property.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection (k), in the event a lawful occupant is in possession of the mortgaged real estate who has not been made a party to the foreclosure and had his or her interests terminated therein, any personal property of the lawful occupant shall not be deemed to have been abandoned, nor shall the rights of the lawful occupant to any personal property be affected.

(l) Notices to be posted at property address.

(1) The notice set out in this paragraph (1) of this subsection (l) shall be conspicuously posted at the property address at least 14 days before the hearing on the motion requesting an expedited judgment and sale and shall be in boldface, in at least 12 point type, and in substantially the following form:

"NOTICE TO ANY TENANT OR OTHER LAWFUL OCCUPANT OF THIS PROPERTY

A lawsuit has been filed to foreclose on this property, and the party asking to foreclose on this property has asked a judge to find that THIS PROPERTY IS ABANDONED.

The judge will be holding a hearing to decide whether this property is ABANDONED.

IF YOU LAWFULLY OCCUPY ANY PART OF THIS PROPERTY, YOU MAY CHOOSE TO GO TO THIS HEARING and explain to the judge how you are a lawful occupant of this property.

If the judge is satisfied that you are a LAWFUL OCCUPANT of this property, the court will find that this property is NOT ABANDONED.

This hearing will be held in the courthouse at the following address, date, and time:

Court name:...................................................

Court address:................................................

Court room number where hearing will be held:.................

(There should be a person in this room called a CLERK who can help you. Make sure you know THIS PROPERTY'S ADDRESS.)

Date of hearing:..............................................

Time of hearing:..............................................

MORE INFORMATION

Name of lawsuit:..............................................

Number of lawsuit:............................................

Address of this property:.....................................

IMPORTANT

This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights that you may have.

WARNING

INTENTIONAL REMOVAL OF THIS NOTICE BEFORE THE DATE AND TIME STATED IN THIS NOTICE IS A CLASS B MISDEMEANOR, PUNISHABLE BY UP TO 180 DAYS IN JAIL AND A FINE OF UP TO $1500, UNDER ILLINOIS LAW. 720 ILCS 5/21-3(a).

NO TRESPASSING

KNOWINGLY ENTERING THIS PROPERTY WITHOUT LAWFUL AUTHORITY IS A CLASS B MISDEMEANOR, PUNISHABLE BY UP TO 180 DAYS IN JAIL AND A FINE OF UP TO $1500, UNDER ILLINOIS LAW. 720 ILCS 5/21-3(a).".

(2) The notice set out in this paragraph (2) of this subsection (l) shall be conspicuously posted at the property address at least 14 days before the hearing to confirm the sale of the abandoned residential property and shall be in boldface, in at least 12 point type, and in substantially the following form:

"NOTICE TO ANY TENANT OR OTHER LAWFUL OCCUPANT OF THIS PROPERTY

A lawsuit has been filed to foreclose on this property, and the judge has found that THIS PROPERTY IS ABANDONED. As a result, THIS PROPERTY HAS BEEN OR WILL BE SOLD.

HOWEVER, there still must be a hearing for the judge to approve the sale. The judge will NOT APPROVE this sale if the judge finds that any person lawfully occupies any part of this property.

IF YOU LAWFULLY OCCUPY ANY PART OF THIS PROPERTY, YOU MAY CHOOSE TO GO TO THIS HEARING and explain to the judge how you are a lawful occupant of this property. You also may appear BEFORE this hearing and explain to the judge how you are a lawful occupant of this property.

If the judge is satisfied that you are a LAWFUL OCCUPANT of this property, the court will find that this property is NOT ABANDONED, and there will be no sale of the property at this time.

This hearing will be held in the courthouse at the following address, date, and time:

Court name:...................................................

Court address:................................................

Court room number where hearing will be held:.................

(There should be a person in this room called a CLERK who can help you. Make sure you know THIS PROPERTY'S ADDRESS.)

Date of hearing:..............................................

Time of hearing:..............................................

MORE INFORMATION

Name of lawsuit:..............................................

Number of lawsuit:............................................

Address of this property:.....................................

IMPORTANT

This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights that you may have.

WARNING

INTENTIONAL REMOVAL OF THIS NOTICE BEFORE THE DATE AND TIME STATED IN THIS NOTICE IS A CLASS B MISDEMEANOR, PUNISHABLE BY UP TO 180 DAYS IN JAIL AND A FINE OF UP TO $1500, UNDER ILLINOIS LAW. 720 ILCS 5/21-3(a).

NO TRESPASSING

KNOWINGLY ENTERING THIS PROPERTY WITHOUT LAWFUL AUTHORITY IS A CLASS B MISDEMEANOR, PUNISHABLE BY UP TO 180 DAYS IN JAIL AND A FINE OF UP TO $1500, UNDER ILLINOIS LAW. 720 ILCS 5/21-3(a)."

(Source: P.A. 97-1164, eff. 6-1-13; 98-20, eff. 6-11-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1506) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1506)

Sec. 15-1506. Judgment.

(a) Evidence. In the trial of a foreclosure, the evidence to support the allegations of the complaint shall be taken in open court, except:

(1) where an allegation of fact in the complaint is not denied by a party's verified answer or verified counterclaim, or where a party pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 2-610 of the Code of Civil Procedure states, or is deemed to have stated, in its pleading that it has no knowledge of such allegation sufficient to form a belief and attaches the required affidavit, a sworn verification of the complaint or a separate affidavit setting forth such fact is sufficient evidence thereof against such party and no further evidence of such fact shall be required; and

(2) where all the allegations of fact in the complaint have been proved by verification of the complaint or affidavit, the court upon motion supported by an affidavit stating the amount which is due the mortgagee, shall enter a judgment of foreclosure as requested in the complaint.

(b) Instruments. In all cases the evidence of the indebtedness and the mortgage foreclosed shall be exhibited to the court and appropriately marked, and copies thereof shall be filed with the court.

(c) Summary and Default Judgments. Nothing in this Section 15-1506 shall prevent a party from obtaining a summary or default judgment authorized by Article II of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(d) Notice of Entry of Default. When any judgment in a foreclosure is entered by default, notice of such judgment shall be given in accordance with Section 2-1302 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(e) Matters Required in Judgment. A judgment of foreclosure shall include the last date for redemption and all rulings of the court entered with respect to each request for relief set forth in the complaint. The omission of the date for redemption shall not extend the time for redemption or impair the validity of the judgment.

(f) Special Matters in Judgment. Without limiting the general authority and powers of the court, special matters may be included in the judgment of foreclosure if sought by a party in the complaint or by separate motion. Such matters may include, without limitation:

(1) a manner of sale other than public auction;

(2) a sale by sealed bid;

(3) an official or other person who shall be the officer to conduct the sale other than the one customarily designated by the court;

(4) provisions for non-exclusive broker listings or designating a duly licensed real estate broker nominated by one of the parties to exclusively list the real estate for sale;

(5) the fees or commissions to be paid out of the sale proceeds to the listing or other duly licensed broker, if any, who shall have procured the accepted bid;

(6) the fees to be paid out of the sale proceeds to an auctioneer, if any, who shall have been authorized to conduct a public auction sale;

(7) whether and in what manner and with what content signs shall be posted on the real estate;

(8) a particular time and place at which such bids shall be received;

(9) a particular newspaper or newspapers in which notice of sale shall be published;

(10) the format for the advertising of such sale, including the size, content and format of such advertising, and additional advertising of such sale;

(11) matters or exceptions to which title in the real estate may be subject at the sale;

(12) a requirement that title insurance in a specified form be provided to a purchaser at the sale, and who shall pay for such insurance;

(13) whether and to what extent bids with mortgage or other contingencies will be allowed;

(14) such other matters as approved by the court to ensure sale of the real estate for the most commercially favorable price for the type of real estate involved.

(g) Agreement of the Parties. If all of the parties agree in writing on the minimum price and that the real estate may be sold to the first person who offers in writing to purchase the real estate for such price, and on such other commercially reasonable terms and conditions as the parties may agree, then the court shall order the real estate to be sold on such terms, subject to confirmation of the sale in accordance with Section 15-1508.

(h) Postponement of Proving Priority. With the approval of the court prior to the entry of the judgment of foreclosure, a party claiming an interest in the proceeds of the sale of the mortgaged real estate may defer proving the priority of such interest until the hearing to confirm the sale.

(i) Effect of Judgment and Lien.

(1) Upon the entry of the judgment of foreclosure, all rights of a party in the foreclosure against the mortgagor provided for in the judgment of foreclosure or this Article shall be secured by a lien on the mortgaged real estate, which lien shall have the same priority as the claim to which the judgment relates and shall be terminated upon confirmation of a judicial sale in accordance with this Article.

(2) Upon the entry of the judgment of foreclosure, the rights in the real estate subject to the judgment of foreclosure of (i) all persons made a party in the foreclosure and (ii) all nonrecord claimants given notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502, shall be solely as provided for in the judgment of foreclosure and in this Article.

(3) Entry of a judgment of foreclosure does not terminate or otherwise affect a bona fide lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure, whether or not the lessee has been made a party in the foreclosure.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1507) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1507)

(Text of Section before amendment by P.A. 103-930)

Sec. 15-1507. Judicial Sale.

(a) In General. Except as provided in Sections 15-1402 and 15-1403, upon entry of a judgment of foreclosure, the real estate which is the subject of the judgment shall be sold at a judicial sale in accordance with this Section 15-1507.

(b) Sale Procedures. Upon expiration of the reinstatement period and the redemption period in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of Section 15-1603 or upon the entry of a judgment of foreclosure after the waiver of all rights of redemption, except as provided in subsection (g) of Section 15-1506, the real estate shall be sold at a sale as provided in this Article, on such terms and conditions as shall be specified by the court in the judgment of foreclosure. A sale may be conducted by any judge or sheriff.

(c) Notice of Sale. The mortgagee, or such other party designated by the court, in a foreclosure under this Article shall give public notice of the sale as follows:

(1) The notice of sale shall include at least the following information, but an immaterial error in the information shall not invalidate the legal effect of the notice:

(A) the name, address and telephone number of the person to contact for information regarding the real estate;

(B) the common address and other common description (other than legal description), if any, of the real estate;

(C) a legal description of the real estate sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty;

(D) a description of the improvements on the real estate;

(E) the times specified in the judgment, if any, when the real estate may be inspected prior to sale;

(F) the time and place of the sale;

(G) the terms of the sale;

(H) the case title, case number and the court in which the foreclosure was filed;

(H-1) in the case of a condominium unit to which subsection (g) of Section 9 of the Condominium Property Act applies, the statement required by subdivision (g)(5) of Section 9 of the Condominium Property Act;

(H-2) in the case of a unit of a common interest community to which subsection (g-1) of Section 18.5 of the Condominium Property Act applies, the statement required by subdivision (g-1) of Section 18.5 of the Condominium Property Act; and

(I) such other information ordered by the Court.

(2) The notice of sale shall be published at least 3 consecutive calendar weeks (Sunday through Saturday), once in each week, the first such notice to be published not more than 45 days prior to the sale, the last such notice to be published not less than 7 days prior to the sale, by: (i) (A) advertisements in a newspaper circulated to the general public in the county in which the real estate is located, in the section of that newspaper where legal notices are commonly placed and (B) separate advertisements in the section of such a newspaper, which (except in counties with a population in excess of 3,000,000) may be the same newspaper, in which real estate other than real estate being sold as part of legal proceedings is commonly advertised to the general public; provided, that the separate advertisements in the real estate section need not include a legal description and that where both advertisements could be published in the same newspaper and that newspaper does not have separate legal notices and real estate advertisement sections, a single advertisement with the legal description shall be sufficient; in counties with a population of more than 3,000,000, the notice required by this item (B) shall be published in a newspaper different from the newspaper that publishes the notice required by item (A), and the newspaper in which the notice required by this item (B) is published shall be a newspaper published in the township in which the real estate is located; and (ii) such other publications as may be further ordered by the court.

(3) The party who gives notice of public sale in accordance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 shall also give notice to all parties in the action who have appeared and have not theretofore been found by the court to be in default for failure to plead. Such notice shall be given in the manner provided in the applicable rules of court for service of papers other than process and complaint, not more than 45 days nor less than 7 days prior to the day of sale. After notice is given as required in this Section a copy thereof shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court entering the judgment, together with a certificate of counsel or other proof that notice has been served in compliance with this Section.

(4) The party who gives notice of public sale in accordance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 shall again give notice in accordance with that Section of any adjourned sale; provided, however, that if the adjourned sale is to occur less than 60 days after the last scheduled sale, notice of any adjourned sale need not be given pursuant to this Section. In the event of adjournment, the person conducting the sale shall, upon adjournment, announce the date, time and place upon which the adjourned sale shall be held. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary, for any adjourned sale that is to be conducted more than 60 days after the date on which it was to first be held, the party giving notice of such sale shall again give notice in accordance with this Section.

(5) Notice of the sale may be given prior to the expiration of any reinstatement period or redemption period.

(6) No other notice by publication or posting shall be necessary unless required by order or rule of the court.

(7) The person named in the notice of sale to be contacted for information about the real estate may, but shall not be required, to provide additional information other than that set forth in the notice of sale.

(d) Election of Property. If the real estate which is the subject of a judgment of foreclosure is susceptible of division, the court may order it to be sold as necessary to satisfy the judgment. The court shall determine which real estate shall be sold, and the court may determine the order in which separate tracts may be sold.

(e) Receipt upon Sale. Upon and at the sale of mortgaged real estate, the person conducting the sale shall give to the purchaser a receipt of sale. The receipt shall describe the real estate purchased and shall show the amount bid, the amount paid, the total amount paid to date and the amount still to be paid therefor. An additional receipt shall be given at the time of each subsequent payment.

(f) Certificate of Sale. Upon payment in full of the amount bid, the person conducting the sale shall issue, in duplicate, and give to the purchaser a Certificate of Sale. The Certificate of Sale shall be in a recordable form, describe the real estate purchased, indicate the date and place of sale and show the amount paid therefor. The Certificate of Sale shall further indicate that it is subject to confirmation by the court. The duplicate certificate may be recorded in accordance with Section 12-121. The Certificate of Sale shall be freely assignable by endorsement thereon.

(g) Interest after Sale. Any bid at sale shall be deemed to include, without the necessity of a court order, interest at the statutory judgment rate on any unpaid portion of the sale price from the date of sale to the date of payment.

(Source: P.A. 100-685, eff. 8-3-18.)

(Text of Section after amendment by P.A. 103-930)

Sec. 15-1507. Judicial Sale.

(a) In General. Except as provided in Sections 15-1402 and 15-1403, upon entry of a judgment of foreclosure, the real estate which is the subject of the judgment shall be sold at a judicial sale in accordance with this Section 15-1507.

(b) Sale Procedures.

(1) Upon expiration of the reinstatement period and the redemption period in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of Section 15-1603 or upon the entry of a judgment of foreclosure after the waiver of all rights of redemption, except as provided in subsection (g) of Section 15-1506, the real estate shall be sold at a sale as provided in this Article, on such terms and conditions as shall be specified by the court in the judgment of foreclosure. A sale may be conducted by any judge, sheriff, or other person as set forth in paragraph (3) of subsection (f) of Section 15-1506.

(2) Without limiting the general authority and powers of the court, the mortgagee, in a foreclosure under this Article, may request that the judge, sheriff, or other person conduct the sale either in person, online, or both, if available.

(c) Notice of Sale. The mortgagee, or such other party designated by the court, in a foreclosure under this Article shall give public notice of the sale as follows:

(1) The notice of sale shall include at least the following information, but an immaterial error in the information shall not invalidate the legal effect of the notice:

(A) the name, address and telephone number of the person to contact for information regarding the real estate;

(B) the common address and other common description (other than legal description), if any, of the real estate;

(C) a legal description of the real estate sufficient to identify it with reasonable certainty;

(D) a description of the improvements on the real estate;

(E) the times specified in the judgment, if any, when the real estate may be inspected prior to sale;

(F) the time and place of the sale, including:

(i) whether the sale will take place online, in person, or both; and

(ii) the website where the online bidding may take place, if applicable;

(G) the terms of the sale;

(H) the case title, case number and the court in which the foreclosure was filed;

(H-1) in the case of a condominium unit to which subsection (g) of Section 9 of the Condominium Property Act applies, the statement required by subdivision (g)(5) of Section 9 of the Condominium Property Act;

(H-2) in the case of a unit of a common interest community to which subsection (g-1) of Section 18.5 of the Condominium Property Act applies, the statement required by subdivision (g-1) of Section 18.5 of the Condominium Property Act; and

(I) such other information ordered by the Court.

(2) The notice of sale shall be published at least 3 consecutive calendar weeks (Sunday through Saturday), once in each week, the first such notice to be published not more than 45 days prior to the sale, the last such notice to be published not less than 7 days prior to the sale, by: (i) (A) advertisements in a newspaper circulated to the general public in the county in which the real estate is located, in the section of that newspaper where legal notices are commonly placed and (B) separate advertisements in the section of such a newspaper, which (except in counties with a population in excess of 3,000,000) may be the same newspaper, in which real estate other than real estate being sold as part of legal proceedings is commonly advertised to the general public; provided, that the separate advertisements in the real estate section need not include a legal description and that where both advertisements could be published in the same newspaper and that newspaper does not have separate legal notices and real estate advertisement sections, a single advertisement with the legal description shall be sufficient; in counties with a population of more than 3,000,000, the notice required by this item (B) shall be published in a newspaper different from the newspaper that publishes the notice required by item (A), and the newspaper in which the notice required by this item (B) is published shall be a newspaper published in the township in which the real estate is located; and (ii) such other publications as may be further ordered by the court.

(3) The party who gives notice of public sale in accordance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 shall also give notice to all parties in the action who have appeared and have not theretofore been found by the court to be in default for failure to plead. Such notice shall be given in the manner provided in the applicable rules of court for service of papers other than process and complaint, not more than 45 days nor less than 7 days prior to the day of sale. After notice is given as required in this Section a copy thereof shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court entering the judgment, together with a certificate of counsel or other proof that notice has been served in compliance with this Section.

(4) The party who gives notice of public sale in accordance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 shall again give notice in accordance with that Section of any adjourned sale; provided, however, that if the adjourned sale is to occur less than 60 days after the last scheduled sale, notice of any adjourned sale need not be given pursuant to this Section. In the event of adjournment, the person conducting the sale shall, upon adjournment, announce the date, time and place upon which the adjourned sale shall be held or post on its website the date, time, and place upon which the adjourned sale shall be held. Notwithstanding any language to the contrary, for any adjourned sale that is to be conducted more than 60 days after the date on which it was to first be held, the party giving notice of such sale shall again give notice in accordance with this Section.

(5) Notice of the sale may be given prior to the expiration of any reinstatement period or redemption period.

(6) No other notice by publication or posting shall be necessary unless required by order or rule of the court.

(7) The person named in the notice of sale to be contacted for information about the real estate may, but shall not be required, to provide additional information other than that set forth in the notice of sale.

(d) Election of Property. If the real estate which is the subject of a judgment of foreclosure is susceptible of division, the court may order it to be sold as necessary to satisfy the judgment. The court shall determine which real estate shall be sold, and the court may determine the order in which separate tracts may be sold.

(e) Receipt upon Sale. Following the sale of mortgaged real estate, the person conducting the sale shall give to the purchaser a receipt of sale. The receipt shall describe the real estate purchased and shall show the amount bid, the amount paid, the total amount paid to date and the amount still to be paid therefor. An additional receipt shall be given at the time of each subsequent payment.

(f) Certificate of Sale. Upon payment in full of the amount bid, the person conducting the sale shall issue, in duplicate, and give to the purchaser a Certificate of Sale. The Certificate of Sale shall be in a recordable form, describe the real estate purchased, indicate the date and place of sale and show the amount paid therefor. The Certificate of Sale shall further indicate that it is subject to confirmation by the court. The duplicate certificate may be recorded in accordance with Section 12-121. The Certificate of Sale shall be freely assignable by endorsement thereon.

(g) Interest after Sale. Any bid at sale shall be deemed to include, without the necessity of a court order, interest at the statutory judgment rate on any unpaid portion of the sale price from the date of sale to the date of payment.

(Source: P.A. 103-930, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1507.1)

Sec. 15-1507.1. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 101-10, eff. 6-5-19. Repealed internally, eff. 3-2-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1507.2)

(This Section may contain text from a Public Act with a delayed effective date)

Sec. 15-1507.2. Online judicial sale.

(a) The sheriff or other person may conduct the sale online in accordance with this Article.

(b) The sheriff or other person may engage a third-party online sale provider to assist with performance of the online sale. Any third-party online sale provider engaged by a sheriff must be acquired through a process that confirms that the provider meets the requirements set forth in this Article.

(c) In this Section, "third-party online sale provider" means any sale platform or services provider that is not the person conducting the sale or a party to the case involving the judicial sale and that is engaged by the person conducting the sale to assist with conducting the sale online in accordance with State law.

(d) The sheriff or other person may charge an additional fee as a reasonable expense of the sale for costs associated with conducting the sale online.

(e) For any foreclosure involving residential real estate, the fee set forth in subsection (d) may not exceed $400, unless a higher fee is otherwise approved by the court. Any fees not charged as a cost in the case may be agreed to and paid directly by the judge, sheriff, other person conducting the sale or a party to the case without limitation. The fees charged under this Section shall not reduce or impact the sheriff's fees set forth in Section 4-5001 and 4-12001 of the Counties Code.

(f) To conduct a sale online, the sheriff or other person conducting the sale must demonstrate to the court's satisfaction documented processes and procedures for conducting online auctions, adequate recordkeeping, and the ability to comply with the requirements in this Article.

(g) If the sale takes place both online and in person, all bids accepted during the auction shall be simultaneously announced at the in-person sale and visible to the public online at the time the bids are placed. Any maximum bid amounts provided by bidders ahead of the sale shall not be visible to the public until the bid is placed.

(h) There shall be no fee charged to the public to view properties for sale online or to participate in any auction in person or online.

(i) Any third-party online sale provider may not maintain custody of sale funds on behalf of the judge, sheriff, or other person conducting the sale unless specifically approved by the court to maintain custody of funds on their behalf.

(j) The sheriff or other person conducting the sale shall require a person seeking to bid electronically online to complete a registration process that includes providing information relevant to properly identify the bidder, contact the bidder, and complete the sale of the property as determined by the sheriff or other person conducting the sale.

(k) If the person registering to bid is an individual, the information required shall include the individual's name, electronic mail address, and telephone number.

(l) If the person registering to bid is an entity, the information required in this Section shall include the entity's legal name, name of an individual contact person for the entity, electronic mail address, and telephone number.

(m) The sheriff or other person conducting the sale online shall require all bidders who wish to participate in bidding online to have their identity verified through an identification verification process before a bid can be placed online, which may include verification through a government issued identification, biometric verification, or other method of verification as determined by the judge, sheriff, or other person conducting the sale. If a bidder's identity cannot be verified through the verification process, then the bidder may be prohibited from participating in the online sale.

(n) The purchaser at the sale shall submit to the person conducting the sale the following information prior to the sale being finalized:

(1) All winning purchasers shall provide any required information to be checked against the federal Office for Foreign Assets Control sanction list by the person conducting the sale before finalizing the purchase of the property. The person conducting the sale shall check the winning purchaser against the sanction list before an order approving the sale may be entered.

(2) If the purchaser is an individual, the information shall include the individual's name, physical mailing address, electronic mail address, and any other information requested by the person conducting the sale to adequately identify and contact the purchaser.

(3) If the purchaser is an entity, the information shall include the entity's legal name, trade name if different from its legal name, state and date of formation, mailing address, proof of business registration with the State of Illinois, and the name of an individual contact person for the entity, electronic mail address, and the person's telephone number.

(4) The purchaser must provide the sale deposit, if applicable, and the balance due to the sheriff or other person conducting the sale at least 24 hours after the end of the sale, unless otherwise set forth by the sheriff or other person conducting the sale, in the form designated by the sheriff or other person conducting the sale.

(5) If the purchaser fails to provide the required information within the time period designated by the judge, sheriff, or other person conducting the sale, the purchaser is in default and the judge, sheriff, or other person conducting the sale may void the sale and proceed with a resale.

(o) Any person conducting a sale online must maintain evidence of satisfactory internal informational security controls that meet industry standards and are maintained by the platform used to conduct online sales. Such evidence of satisfactory internal controls regarding data security may be in the form of an annual SOC 2 Report certification, with the ability to test and report on the design effectiveness (Type 1) and operating effectiveness (Type 2) of the platform's controls, or another form ensuring performance and security requirements are met.

(p) The person conducting the sale and the third-party online sale provider may engage in activities to promote and market the sale to encourage and facilitate bidding, including listing the property on real estate websites and conducting email campaigns. The person conducting the sale or the third-party online sale provider is solely responsible for paying all fees or expenses incurred in connection with such activities.

(q) In every sale conducted online of residential real estate, (1) the sale may be held open for bidding for up to 3 days and extended by the person conducting the sale as needed to allow for all active competitive bidding to occur, counted in accordance with Section 1.11 of the Statute on Statutes; and (2) bidding shall be open to everyone for the entire duration of the bidding period.

(Source: P.A. 103-930, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1508) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1508)

Sec. 15-1508. Report of sale and confirmation of sale.

(a) Report. The person conducting the sale shall promptly make a report to the court, which report shall include a copy of all receipts and, if any, certificate of sale.

(b) Hearing. Upon motion and notice in accordance with court rules applicable to motions generally, which motion shall not be made prior to sale, the court shall conduct a hearing to confirm the sale. Unless the court finds that (i) a notice required in accordance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 was not given, (ii) the terms of sale were unconscionable, (iii) the sale was conducted fraudulently, or (iv) justice was otherwise not done, the court shall then enter an order confirming the sale. The confirmation order shall include a name, address, and telephone number of the holder of the certificate of sale or deed issued pursuant to that certificate or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser, whom a municipality or county may contact with concerns about the real estate. The confirmation order may also:

(1) approve the mortgagee's fees and costs (i) arising between the entry of the judgment of foreclosure and the confirmation hearing, and (ii) incurred on or after the date of execution of an affidavit under subsection (a) of Section 15-1506 and prior to the judgment but not included in the judgment, those costs and fees to be allowable to the same extent as provided in the note and mortgage and in Section 15-1504;

(2) provide for a personal judgment against any party for a deficiency; and

(3) determine the priority of the judgments of parties who deferred proving the priority pursuant to subsection (h) of Section 15-1506, but the court shall not defer confirming the sale pending the determination of such priority.

(b-3) Hearing to confirm sale of abandoned residential property. Upon motion and notice by first-class mail to the last known address of the mortgagor, which motion shall be made prior to the sale and heard by the court at the earliest practicable time after conclusion of the sale, and upon the posting at the property address of the notice required by paragraph (2) of subsection (l) of Section 15-1505.8, the court shall enter an order confirming the sale of the abandoned residential property, unless the court finds that a reason set forth in items (i) through (iv) of subsection (b) of this Section exists for not approving the sale, or an order is entered pursuant to subsection (h) of Section 15-1505.8. The confirmation order also may address the matters identified in items (1) through (3) of subsection (b) of this Section. The notice required under subsection (b-5) of this Section shall not be required.

(b-5) Notice with respect to residential real estate. With respect to residential real estate, the notice required under subsection (b) of this Section shall be sent to the mortgagor even if the mortgagor has previously been held in default. In the event the mortgagor has filed an appearance, the notice shall be sent to the address indicated on the appearance. In all other cases, the notice shall be sent to the mortgagor at the common address of the foreclosed property. The notice shall be sent by first class mail. Unless the right to possession has been previously terminated by the court, the notice shall include the following language in 12-point boldface capitalized type: IF YOU ARE THE MORTGAGOR (HOMEOWNER), YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMAIN IN POSSESSION FOR 30 DAYS AFTER ENTRY OF AN ORDER OF POSSESSION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 15-1701(c) OF THE ILLINOIS MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE LAW. (b-10) Notice of confirmation order sent to municipality or county. A copy of the confirmation order required under subsection (b) shall be sent to the municipality in which the foreclosed property is located, or to the county within the boundary of which the foreclosed property is located if the foreclosed property is located in an unincorporated territory. A municipality or county must clearly publish on its website a single address to which a copy of the order shall be sent. If a municipality or county does not maintain a website, then the municipality or county must publicly post in its main office a single address to which a copy of the order shall be sent. In the event that a municipality or county has not complied with the publication requirement in this subsection (b-10), then a copy of the order shall be sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, to the chairperson of the county board or county clerk in the case of a county, to the mayor or city clerk in the case of a city, to the president of the board of trustees or village clerk in the case of a village, or to the president or town clerk in the case of a town.

(b-15) Notice of confirmation order sent to known insurers. With respect to residential real estate, the party filing the complaint shall send a copy of the confirmation order required under subsection (b) by first class mail, postage prepaid, to the last known property insurer of the foreclosed property. Failure to send or receive a copy of the order shall not impair or abrogate in any way the rights of the mortgagee or purchaser or affect the status of the foreclosure proceedings.

(c) Failure to Give Notice. If any sale is held without compliance with subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 of this Article, any party entitled to the notice provided for in paragraph (3) of that subsection (c) who was not so notified may, by motion supported by affidavit made prior to confirmation of such sale, ask the court which entered the judgment to set aside the sale. Any such party shall guarantee or secure by bond a bid equal to the successful bid at the prior sale, unless the party seeking to set aside the sale is the mortgagor, the real estate sold at the sale is residential real estate, and the mortgagor occupies the residential real estate at the time the motion is filed. In that event, no guarantee or bond shall be required of the mortgagor. Any subsequent sale is subject to the same notice requirement as the original sale.

(d) Validity of Sale. Except as provided in subsection (c) of Section 15-1508, no sale under this Article shall be held invalid or be set aside because of any defect in the notice thereof or in the publication of the same, or in the proceedings of the officer conducting the sale, except upon good cause shown in a hearing pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 15-1508. At any time after a sale has occurred, any party entitled to notice under paragraph (3) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1507 may recover from the mortgagee any damages caused by the mortgagee's failure to comply with such paragraph (3). Any party who recovers damages in a judicial proceeding brought under this subsection may also recover from the mortgagee the reasonable expenses of litigation, including reasonable attorney's fees.

(d-5) Making Home Affordable Program. The court that entered the judgment shall set aside a sale held pursuant to Section 15-1507, upon motion of the mortgagor at any time prior to the confirmation of the sale, if the mortgagor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that (i) the mortgagor has applied for assistance under the Making Home Affordable Program established by the United States Department of the Treasury pursuant to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and (ii) the mortgaged real estate was sold in material violation of the program's requirements for proceeding to a judicial sale. The provisions of this subsection (d-5) are operative and, except for this sentence, shall become inoperative on January 1, 2018 for all actions filed under this Article after December 31, 2017, in which the mortgagor did not apply for assistance under the Making Home Affordable Program on or before December 31, 2016. The changes to this subsection (d-5) by this amendatory Act of the 99th General Assembly apply to all cases pending and filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 99th General Assembly.

(e) Deficiency Judgment. In any order confirming a sale pursuant to the judgment of foreclosure, the court shall also enter a personal judgment for deficiency against any party (i) if otherwise authorized and (ii) to the extent requested in the complaint and proven upon presentation of the report of sale in accordance with Section 15-1508. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a judgment may be entered for any balance of money that may be found due to the plaintiff, over and above the proceeds of the sale or sales, and enforcement may be had for the collection of such balance, the same as when the judgment is solely for the payment of money. Such judgment may be entered, or enforcement had, only in cases where personal service has been had upon the persons personally liable for the mortgage indebtedness, unless they have entered their appearance in the foreclosure action.

(f) Satisfaction. Upon confirmation of the sale, the judgment stands satisfied to the extent of the sale price less expenses and costs. If the order confirming the sale includes a deficiency judgment, the judgment shall become a lien in the manner of any other judgment for the payment of money.

(g) The order confirming the sale shall include, notwithstanding any previous orders awarding possession during the pendency of the foreclosure, an award to the purchaser of possession of the mortgaged real estate, as of the date 30 days after the entry of the order, against the parties to the foreclosure whose interests have been terminated.

An eviction order authorizing the removal of a person from possession of the mortgaged real estate shall be entered and enforced only against those persons personally named as individuals in the complaint or the petition under subsection (h) of Section 15-1701. No eviction order issued under this Section shall be entered against a lessee with a bona fide lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure, whether or not the lessee has been made a party in the foreclosure. An order shall not be entered and enforced against any person who is only generically described as an unknown owner or nonrecord claimant or by another generic designation in the complaint.

Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the failure to personally name, include, or seek an eviction order against a person in the confirmation order shall not abrogate any right that the purchaser may have to possession of the mortgaged real estate and to maintain an eviction proceeding under Article IX of this Code or, if applicable, under subsection (h) of Section 15-1701; and eviction of a person who (1) has not been personally named as a party to the foreclosure and (2) has not been provided an opportunity to be heard in the foreclosure proceeding may be sought only by maintaining a proceeding under Article IX of this Code or, if applicable, under subsection (h) of Section 15-1701.

(h) With respect to mortgaged real estate containing 5 or more dwelling units, the order confirming the sale shall also provide that (i) the mortgagor shall transfer to the purchaser the security deposits, if any, that the mortgagor received to secure payment of rent or to compensate for damage to the mortgaged real estate from any current occupant of a dwelling unit of the mortgaged real estate, as well as any statutory interest that has not been paid to the occupant, and (ii) the mortgagor shall provide an accounting of the security deposits that are transferred, including the name and address of each occupant for whom the mortgagor holds the deposit and the amount of the deposit and any statutory interest.

(Source: P.A. 102-86, eff. 7-9-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1508.5)

Sec. 15-1508.5. Notice by holder or purchaser to known occupants of dwelling units of mortgaged real estate.

(a) The holder of the certificate of sale or deed issued pursuant to that certificate or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser, shall:

(1) following the judicial sale under Section 15-1507, but no later than 21 days after the confirmation of sale under Section 15-1508, make a good faith effort to ascertain the identities and addresses of all occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate; and

(2) following the order confirming sale under Section 15-1508, but no later than 21 days after the order confirming sale, notify all known occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate that the holder or purchaser has acquired the mortgaged real estate. The notice shall be in writing and shall:

(i) identify the occupant being served by the name known to the holder or purchaser;

(ii) inform the occupant that the mortgaged real estate at which the dwelling unit is located is the subject of a foreclosure and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of an individual or entity whom the occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of that property;

(iv) include the following language, or language that is substantially similar: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights that you may have.";

(v) include the name of the case, the case number, and the court where the order confirming the sale has been entered; and

(vi) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(b) The written notice required by subsection (a) of this Section shall be served by delivering a copy thereof to the known occupant, or by leaving the same with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards who is residing on or in possession of the premises, or by sending a copy of the notice to the known occupant by first-class mail, addressed to the occupant by the name known to the holder or purchaser.

(c) In the event that the holder or purchaser ascertains the identity and address of an occupant of a dwelling unit of the mortgaged real estate more than 21 days after the confirmation of sale under Section 15-1508, the holder or purchaser shall provide the notice required by subparagraph (2) of subsection (a) within 7 days of ascertaining the identity and address of the occupant.

(d)(i) A holder or purchaser who fails to comply with subsections (a), (b), and (c) may not collect any rent due and owing from a known occupant, or terminate a known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent, until the holder or purchaser has served the notice described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of this Section upon the known occupant. After providing such notice, the holder or purchaser may collect any and all rent otherwise due and owing the holder or purchaser from the known occupant and may terminate the known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent if the holder or purchaser otherwise has such right to terminate.

(ii) An occupant who previously paid rent for the current rental period to the mortgagor, or other entity with the authority to operate, manage, and conserve the mortgaged real estate at the time of payment, shall not be held liable for that rent by the holder or purchaser, and the occupant's tenancy shall not be terminated for non-payment of rent for that rental period.

(e) Within 21 days of the confirmation of sale under Section 15-1508, the holder or purchaser shall post a written notice on the primary entrance of each dwelling unit subject to the foreclosure action. This notice shall:

(i) inform occupant that the dwelling unit is the subject of a foreclosure action and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(ii) include the following language: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises.";

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of the individual or entity whom occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of the property; and

(iv) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(f)(i) The provisions of subsection (d) of this Section shall be the exclusive remedy for the failure of a holder or purchaser to provide notice to a known occupant under this Section.

(ii) This Section shall not abrogate any right that a holder or purchaser may have to possession of the mortgaged real estate and to maintain a proceeding against an occupant of a dwelling unit for possession under Article IX of this Code or subsection (h) of Section 15-1701.

(iii) In the event that the holder or purchaser is a mortgagee in possession of the mortgaged real estate pursuant to Section 15-1703 at the time of the confirmation of sale and has complied with requirements of subsection (a-5) of Section 15-1703, the holder or purchaser is excused from the requirements of subsections (a) and (e) of this Section.

(iv) A holder or purchaser is not required to provide the notice required by this Section to a mortgagor or party against whom an order of possession has been entered authorizing the removal of the mortgagor or party pursuant to subsection (g) of Section 15-1508.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1509) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1509)

Sec. 15-1509. Transfer of Title and Title Acquired.

(a) Deed. After (i) confirmation of the sale, and (ii) payment of the purchase price and any other amounts required to be paid by the purchaser at sale, the court (or, if the court shall so order, the person who conducted the sale or such person's successor or some persons specifically appointed by the court for that purpose), shall upon the request of the holder of the certificate of sale (or the purchaser if no certificate of sale was issued), promptly execute a deed to the holder or purchaser sufficient to convey title. Such deed shall identify the court and the caption of the case in which judgment was entered authorizing issuance of the deed. Signature and the recital in the deed of the title or authority of the person signing the deed as grantor, of authority pursuant to the judgment and of the giving of the notices required by this Article is sufficient proof of the facts recited and of such authority to execute the deed, but such deed shall not be construed to contain any covenant on the part of the person executing it. If the deed issues to a grantee prior to the expiration of the period for appealing the confirmation of sale, and the grantee conveys title to another party within that period, that other party will not be deemed a bona fide purchaser unless and until such period expires without an appeal having been filed or, an appeal having been filed, such appeal is denied or withdrawn.

(b) Effect Upon Delivery of Deed. Delivery of the deed executed on the sale of the real estate, even if the purchaser or holder of the certificate of sale is a party to the foreclosure, shall be sufficient to pass the title thereto.

(c) Claims Barred. Any vesting of title by a consent foreclosure pursuant to Section 15-1402 or by deed pursuant to subsection (b) of Section 15-1509, unless otherwise specified in the judgment of foreclosure, shall be an entire bar of (i) all claims of parties to the foreclosure and (ii) all claims of any nonrecord claimant who is given notice of the foreclosure in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1502, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (g) of Section 2-1301 to the contrary. Any person seeking relief from any judgment or order entered in the foreclosure in accordance with subsection (g) of Section 2-1301 of the Code of Civil Procedure may claim only an interest in the proceeds of sale.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1509.5)

Sec. 15-1509.5. Notice at time of conveyance. Any deed executed pursuant to this Article or judgment vesting title by a consent foreclosure pursuant to Section 15-1402 shall state the grantee's or mortgagee's name (and the name of a contact person), street and mailing addresses, and telephone number.

(Source: P.A. 96-110, eff. 7-31-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1510) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1510)

Sec. 15-1510. Attorney's Fees and Costs.

(a) The court may award reasonable attorney's fees and costs to the defendant who prevails in a motion, an affirmative defense or counterclaim, or in the foreclosure action. A defendant who exercises the defendant's right of reinstatement or redemption shall not be considered a prevailing party for purposes of this Section. Nothing in this subsection shall abrogate contractual terms in the mortgage or other written agreement between the mortgagor and the mortgagee or rights as otherwise provided in this Article which allow the mortgagee to recover attorney's fees and costs under subsection (b).

(b) Attorneys' fees and other costs incurred in connection with the preparation, filing or prosecution of the foreclosure suit shall be recoverable in a foreclosure only to the extent specifically set forth in the mortgage or other written agreement between the mortgagor and the mortgagee or as otherwise provided in this Article.

(Source: P.A. 95-961, eff. 1-1-09.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1510.1)

(This Section may contain text from a Public Act with a delayed effective date)

Sec. 15-1510.1. Third-party purchaser fees and costs. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, for the sale of residential real estate, no fee, including a buyer's premium, may be charged to a third-party bidder or purchaser who is not a party to the case at the sale of real estate under this Article beyond the winning bid amount to cover an expense of conducting the sale.

(Source: P.A. 103-930, eff. 1-1-25.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1511) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1511)

Sec. 15-1511. Deficiency. Except as expressly prohibited by this Article, foreclosure of a mortgage does not affect a mortgagee's rights, if any, to obtain a personal judgment against any person for a deficiency.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1512) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1512)

Sec. 15-1512. Application of Proceeds of Sale and Surplus. The proceeds resulting from a sale of real estate under this Article shall be applied in the following order:

(a) the reasonable expenses of sale;

(b) the reasonable expenses of securing possession before sale, holding, maintaining, and preparing the real estate for sale, including payment of taxes and other governmental charges, premiums on hazard and liability insurance, receiver's and management fees, and, to the extent provided for in the mortgage or other recorded agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorneys' fees, payments made pursuant to Section 15-1505 and other legal expenses incurred by the mortgagee;

(c) if the sale was pursuant to judicial foreclosure, satisfaction of claims in the order of priority adjudicated in the judgment of foreclosure or order confirming the sale; and

(d) remittance of any surplus to be held by the person appointed by the court to conduct the sale until further order of the court. If there is a surplus, such person conducting the sale shall send written notice to all parties to the proceeding advising them of the amount of the surplus, and that the surplus shall be held until a party obtains a court order for its distribution or until, in the absence of an order, the surplus is forfeited to the State.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1513)

Sec. 15-1513. Temporary COVID-19 stay of judicial sales, orders of possession.

(a) Notwithstanding Section 15-1507, no judicial foreclosure sale shall be held between the effective date of this Section and July 31, 2021. Any judicial foreclosure sale pending as of the effective date of this Section shall be cancelled and renoticed for a date after July 31, 2021.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (g) of Section 15-1508, no order of possession pursuant to a confirmation of judicial foreclosure sale shall be entered by a court, placed with a sheriff for execution, or executed by a sheriff until a date after July 31, 2021.

(c) This Section applies to any action to foreclose a mortgage relating to (i) residential real estate as defined in Section 15-1219, and (ii) real estate improved with a dwelling structure containing dwelling units for 6 or fewer families living independently of each other in which the mortgagor is a natural person landlord renting the dwelling units, even if the mortgagor does not occupy any of the dwelling units as his or her personal residence.

(Source: P.A. 102-5, eff. 5-17-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1514)

Sec. 15-1514. Temporary COVID-19 stay of certain foreclosure proceedings and filings.

(a) This Section applies to any action to foreclose a mortgage relating to (i) residential real estate as defined in Section 15-1219, and (ii) real estate improved with a dwelling structure containing dwelling units for 6 or fewer families living independently of each other in which the mortgagor is a natural person landlord renting the dwelling units, even if the mortgagor does not occupy any of the dwelling units as his or her personal residence.

(b) Any action to foreclose a mortgage pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly, including actions filed on or before March 9, 2020, or commenced within 30 days of the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly, shall be stayed until May 1, 2021.

(c) No court shall accept for filing any action to foreclose a mortgage before May 1, 2021.

(d) All deadlines related to any pending foreclosure proceeding on the effective date of this Section, including the running of any redemption period, are tolled until May 1, 2021.

(e) If any clause, sentence, paragraph, subsection, or part of this Section shall be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid and after exhaustion of all further judicial review, the judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder thereof, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, subsection, or part of this Section directly involved in the controversy in which the judgment shall have been rendered.

(Source: P.A. 102-5, eff. 5-17-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1515)

(Section scheduled to be repealed on June 1, 2025)

Sec. 15-1515. COVID-19 emergency sealing of court file.

(a) As used in this Section:

"Court file" means the court file created when a foreclosure action is filed with the court.

"COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period" means the period beginning on March 9, 2020, when the Governor issued the first disaster proclamation for the State to address the circumstances related to COVID-19 and ending on December 31, 2021.

(b) The court may seal the file, upon motion of a mortgagor, of any foreclosure action filed during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period if the action was not subject to the moratoria enacted by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Federal Housing Administration, or the Department of Veterans Affairs. If an action was filed during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period because it qualified under an exception to one of the above moratoria, the action is not subject to being sealed under this Section. If a residential eviction action filed during the COVID-19 emergency and economic recovery period is pending on the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 103rd General Assembly and is not sealed, the court shall order the sealing of the court file.

(c) This Section applies to any action to foreclose a mortgage relating to: (i) residential real estate as defined in Section 15-1219; and (ii) real estate improved with a dwelling structure containing dwelling units for 6 or fewer families living independently of each other in which the mortgagor is a natural person landlord renting the dwelling units, even if the mortgagor does not occupy any of the dwelling units as the mortgagor's personal residence.

(d) This Section is repealed on June 1, 2025.

(Source: P.A. 103-61, eff. 6-9-23.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 16 heading) Part 16. Reinstatement and Redemption

(735 ILCS 5/15-1601) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1601)

Sec. 15-1601. Waiver of Rights of reinstatement and Redemption. (a) Residential and Certain Agricultural Real Estate. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, no mortgagor of real estate which is residential real estate at the time of such attempted waiver may waive the mortgagor's rights of reinstatement and redemption, or either of them, and any such waiver shall be void. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this Section, no mortgagor of real estate which is agricultural real estate at the time of such attempted waiver may waive the mortgagor's rights of reinstatement and redemption, or either of them, and any such waiver shall be void.

(b) Other Real Estate. Any corporation or any corporate trustee of any express trust who is a mortgagor of agricultural real estate may waive the mortgagor's right of redemption (i) by express waiver stated in the mortgage or (ii) by any other waiver in writing which has been acknowledged by the mortgagor and recorded. A mortgagor of real estate other than a mortgagor of residential real estate or other mortgagor who is not otherwise so prohibited by this Article may waive the mortgagor's right of redemption (i) by express waiver stated in the mortgage or (ii) by any other waiver in writing which has been acknowledged by the mortgagor and recorded.

(c) Waiver After Commencement of Foreclosure. After commencement of a foreclosure proceeding under this Article a mortgagor of residential real estate or other mortgagor who is otherwise so prohibited may waive the mortgagor's rights of reinstatement and redemption, or either of them, if (i) the mortgagor expressly consents in writing to the entry of a judgment without such right of reinstatement or redemption, (ii) such written consent is filed with the clerk of the court, and (iii) the mortgagee consents and agrees to waive any and all rights to a deficiency judgment.

(d) Prior Waivers. Nothing contained in this Section shall invalidate any waiver of any right of redemption made pursuant to Section 12-124 or Section 12-125 of the Code of Civil Procedure in effect prior to July 1, 1987 which is contained in any instrument executed prior to July 1, 1987.

(Source: P.A. 85-907.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1602) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1602)

Sec. 15-1602. Reinstatement. In any foreclosure of a mortgage executed after July 21, 1959, which has become due prior to the maturity date fixed in the mortgage, or in any instrument or obligation secured by the mortgage, through acceleration because of a default under the mortgage, a mortgagor may reinstate the mortgage as provided herein. Reinstatement is effected by curing all defaults then existing, other than payment of such portion of the principal which would not have been due had no acceleration occurred, and by paying all costs and expenses required by the mortgage to be paid in the event of such defaults, provided that such cure and payment are made prior to the expiration of 90 days from the date the mortgagor or, if more than one, all the mortgagors (i) have been served with summons or by publication or (ii) have otherwise submitted to the jurisdiction of the court. When service is made by publication, the first date of publication shall be used for the calculation. Upon such reinstatement of the mortgage, the foreclosure and any other proceedings for the collection or enforcement of the obligation secured by the mortgage shall be dismissed and the mortgage documents shall remain in full force and effect as if no acceleration or default had occurred. The relief granted by this Section shall not be exhausted by a single use thereof, but if the court has made an express written finding that the mortgagor has exercised its right to reinstate pursuant to this Section, such relief shall not be again available to the mortgagor under the same mortgage for a period of five years from the date of the dismissal of such foreclosure. The provisions of Section 9-110 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be inapplicable with respect to any instrument which is deemed a mortgage under this Article. The court may enter a judgment of foreclosure prior to the expiration of the reinstatement period, subject to the right of the mortgagor to reinstate the mortgage under this Section.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1603) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1603)

Sec. 15-1603. Redemption.

(a) Owner of Redemption. Except as provided in subsection (b) of Section 15-1402, only an owner of redemption may redeem from the foreclosure, and such owner of redemption may redeem only during the redemption period specified in subsection (b) of Section 15-1603 and only if the right of redemption has not been validly waived.

(b) Redemption Period.

(1) In the foreclosure of a mortgage of real estate which is residential real estate at the time the foreclosure is commenced, the redemption period shall end on the later of (i) the date 7 months from the date the mortgagor or, if more than one, all the mortgagors (A) have been served with summons or by publication or (B) have otherwise submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, or (ii) the date 3 months from the date of entry of a judgment of foreclosure.

(2) In all other foreclosures, the redemption period shall end on the later of (i) the date 6 months from the date the mortgagor or, if more than one, all the mortgagors (A) have been served with summons or by publication or (B) have otherwise submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, or (ii) the date 3 months from the date of entry of a judgment of foreclosure.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the redemption period shall end at the later of the expiration of any reinstatement period provided for in Section 15-1602 or the date 60 days after the date the judgment of foreclosure is entered, if the court finds that (i) the value of the mortgaged real estate as of the date of the judgment is less than 90% of the amount specified pursuant to subsection (d) of Section 15-1603 and (ii) the mortgagee waives any and all rights to a personal judgment for a deficiency against the mortgagor and against all other persons liable for the indebtedness or other obligations secured by the mortgage.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), the redemption period shall end on the date 30 days after the date the judgment of foreclosure is entered if the court finds that the mortgaged real estate has been abandoned. In cases where the redemption period is shortened on account of abandonment, the reinstatement period shall not extend beyond the redemption period as shortened.

(c) Extension of Redemption Period.

(1) Once expired, the right of redemption provided for in Sections 15-1603 or 15-1604 shall not be revived. The period within which the right of redemption provided for in Sections 15-1603 or 15-1604 may be exercised runs independently of any action by any person to enforce the judgment of foreclosure or effect a sale pursuant thereto. Neither the initiation of any legal proceeding nor the order of any court staying the enforcement of a judgment of foreclosure or the sale pursuant to a judgment or the confirmation of the sale, shall have the effect of tolling the running of the redemption period.

(2) If a court has the authority to stay, and does stay, the running of the redemption period, or if the redemption period is extended by any statute of the United States, the redemption period shall be extended until the expiration of the same number of days after the expiration of the stay order as the number of days remaining in the redemption period at the time the stay order became effective, or, if later, until the expiration of 30 days after the stay order terminates. If the stay order terminates more than 30 days prior to the expiration of the redemption period, the redemption period shall not be extended.

(d) Amount Required to Redeem. The amount required to redeem shall be the sum of:

(1) The amount specified in the judgment of foreclosure, which shall consist of (i) all principal and accrued interest secured by the mortgage and due as of the date of the judgment, (ii) all costs allowed by law, (iii) costs and expenses approved by the court, (iv) to the extent provided for in the mortgage and approved by the court, additional costs, expenses and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred by the mortgagee, (v) all amounts paid pursuant to Section 15-1505 and (vi) per diem interest from the date of judgment to the date of redemption calculated at the mortgage rate of interest applicable as if no default had occurred; and

(2) The amount of other expenses authorized by the court which the mortgagee reasonably incurs between the date of judgment and the date of redemption, which shall be the amount certified by the mortgagee in accordance with subsection (e) of Section 15-1603.

(e) Notice of Intent to Redeem. An owner of redemption who intends to redeem shall give written notice of such intent to redeem to the mortgagee's attorney of record specifying the date designated for redemption and the current address of the owner of redemption for purposes of receiving notice. Such owner of redemption shall file with the clerk of the court a certification of the giving of such notice. The notice of intent to redeem must be received by the mortgagee's attorney at least 15 days (other than Saturday, Sunday or court holiday) prior to the date designated for redemption. The mortgagee shall thereupon file with the clerk of the court and shall give written notice to the owner of redemption at least three days (other than Saturday, Sunday or court holiday) before the date designated for redemption a certification, accompanied by copies of paid receipts or appropriate affidavits, of any expenses authorized in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) of Section 15-1603. If the mortgagee fails to serve such certification within the time specified herein, then the owner of redemption intending to redeem may redeem on the date designated for redemption in the notice of intent to redeem, and the mortgagee shall not be entitled to payment of any expenses authorized in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) of Section 15-1603.

(f) Procedure for Redemption.

(1) An owner of redemption may redeem the real estate from the foreclosure by paying the amount specified in subsection (d) of Section 15-1603 to the mortgagee or the mortgagee's attorney of record on or before the date designated for redemption pursuant to subsection (e) of Section 15-1603.

(2) If the mortgagee refuses to accept payment or if the owner of redemption redeeming from the foreclosure objects to the reasonableness of the additional expenses authorized in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) of Section 15-1603 and certified in accordance with subsection (e) of Section 15-1603, the owner of redemption shall pay the certified amount to the clerk of the court on or before the date designated for redemption, together with a written statement specifying the expenses to which objection is made. In such case the clerk shall pay to the mortgagee the amount tendered minus the amount to which the objection pertains.

(3) Upon payment to the clerk, whether or not the owner of redemption files an objection at the time of payment, the clerk shall give a receipt of payment to the person redeeming from the foreclosure, and shall file a copy of that receipt in the foreclosure record. Upon receipt of the amounts specified to be paid to the mortgagee pursuant to this Section, the mortgagee shall promptly furnish the mortgagor with a release of the mortgage or satisfaction of the judgment, as appropriate, and the evidence of all indebtedness secured by the mortgage shall be cancelled.

(g) Procedure Upon Objection. If an objection is filed by an owner of redemption in accordance with paragraph (2) of subsection (f) of Section 15-1603, the clerk shall hold the amount to which the objection pertains until the court orders distribution of those funds. The court shall hold a hearing promptly to determine the distribution of any funds held by the clerk pursuant to such objection. Each party shall pay its own costs and expenses in connection with any objection, including attorneys' fees, subject to Section 2-611 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(h) Failure to Redeem. Unless the real estate being foreclosed is redeemed from the foreclosure, it shall be sold as provided in this Article.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1603.5)

Sec. 15-1603.5. Strict foreclosure of an omitted subordinate interest.

(a) As used in this Section, "omitted subordinate interest" means a recorded subordinate interest in real estate where:

(1) the real estate is the subject of a foreclosure action under this Article;

(2) a motion to confirm judicial sale under subsection (b) of Section 15-1508 is either pending or has been granted;

(3) the interest attached to the real estate prior to the filing or recording of any notice in accordance with Sections 2-1901 and 15-1503; and

(4) the person who has the interest was not named in the foreclosure complaint.

(b) The holder of the certificate of sale or any person who acquired title pursuant to Section 15-1509 or any subsequent successor, assignee, transferee, or grantee who discovers an omitted subordinate interest may file a strict foreclosure complaint naming the person who has the omitted subordinate interest as the defendant. A complaint filed under this Section must include substantially the following:

(1) the identity of the plaintiff and how the plaintiff acquired its interest in the property which is the subject of the strict foreclosure;

(2) the docket number of the prior foreclosure action and the recording number and date of the mortgage that was previously foreclosed;

(3) the legal description, common address, and parcel identification number of the real estate which is the subject of the strict foreclosure;

(4) the recording number and a copy of the recorded instrument identifying the person who has the omitted subordinate interest that is named as the defendant;

(5) the amount of the successful bid at the foreclosure sale, as stated in the report of sale in the prior foreclosure action, with a copy of the report of sale attached to the complaint;

(6) an allegation that, due to inadvertence or mistake or such other reason as may be applicable, the person who has the omitted subordinate interest was not made a party defendant in the prior foreclosure action and the omitted subordinate interest was not terminated by the judgment of foreclosure and when the subject property was sold by judicial sale; and

(7) a request for relief setting forth the redemption period as provided in this Section and identifying a contact by name and telephone number who will accept tender of the redemption amount.

(c) Subject to the objection of the defendant, the court shall enter a judgment extinguishing the omitted subordinate interest.

(d) If the defendant objects to the entry of the judgment, the court, after a hearing, shall enter an order providing either:

(1) that the defendant has not agreed to pay the amount required to redeem, in which event the court shall proceed to enter the judgment; or

(2) that the defendant has agreed to pay the amount required to redeem.

(e) The amount required to redeem shall be the sum bid at the prior foreclosure sale plus any costs and fees incurred subsequent to the sale for the payment of taxes, preservation of the property, or any other actions taken by the holder of the certificate of sale to protect its interest in the property. The amount required to redeem shall not include any costs or fees incurred by the plaintiff in the strict foreclosure case filed under this Section.

The order shall state that upon payment of the redemption amount within the redemption period, which shall extend 30 days after the entry of the order, title to the real estate shall vest in the defendant who redeems pursuant to this Section. If the defendant subject to the order has not paid the amount required to redeem within the 30-day redemption period, the interest of the defendant in the property is terminated.

(f) A person whose omitted subordinate interest was not terminated by a prior foreclosure action does not have a right to file a strict foreclosure action.

(g) Notwithstanding that the person's omitted subordinate interest in the real estate has been terminated pursuant to this Section, nothing in this Section shall be construed to extinguish or impair any claim of such person in the surplus proceeds of a sale held or distributed pursuant to subsection (d) of Section 15-1512 of this Code after the confirmation of the sale of the real estate for which such person had an omitted subordinate interest.

(Source: P.A. 98-1099, eff. 8-26-14.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1604) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1604)

Sec. 15-1604. Special Right to Redeem.

(a) Circumstances. With respect to residential real estate, if (i) the purchaser at the sale was a mortgagee who was a party to the foreclosure or its nominee and (ii) the sale price was less than the amount specified in subsection (d) of Section 15-1603, then, and only in such circumstances, an owner of redemption as specified in subsection (a) of Section 15-1603 shall have a special right to redeem, for a period ending 30 days after the date the sale is confirmed, by paying to the mortgagee (i) the sale price, (ii) all additional costs and expenses incurred by the mortgagee set forth in the report of sale and confirmed by the court, and (iii) interest at the statutory judgment rate from the date the purchase price was paid or credited as an offset.

(b) Procedure. Upon receipt of such amount, the mortgagee shall assign to the redeeming owner of redemption its certificate of sale or its right to such certificate or to a deed. The mortgagee shall give to the redeeming owner of redemption an executed duplicate of such assignment, marked "Duplicate", which duplicate the owner of redemption shall file with the court. If a deed has been issued to the mortgagee or its nominee, the holder of such deed, or such holder's successor in title, shall execute and deliver a deed conveying the mortgaged real estate to the redeeming owner of redemption subject only to those encumbrances that would normally arise on title if a redemption were made under Section 15-1603, including a deficiency, if any, resulting from the foreclosure sale. Nothing contained herein shall affect the right to a personal or in rem deficiency judgment, and enforcement thereof shall be allowed as provided by law. Any deficiency judgment shall retain the same priority on title as did the mortgage from which it arose. The mortgagee, its nominee or its successors in title shall not permit encumbrances on title arising on or after the date of the deed to the mortgagee or nominee caused by or relating to the mortgagee or its nominee or its successors in title.

(Source: P.A. 86-974.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1605) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1605)

Sec. 15-1605. Equitable Right of Redemption. No equitable right of redemption shall exist or be enforceable under or with respect to a mortgage after a judicial sale of the mortgaged real estate pursuant to Section 15-1507 or after entry of a judgment of foreclosure pursuant to Sections 15-1402 or 15-1403.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XV Pt. 17 heading) Part 17. Possession During Foreclosure

(735 ILCS 5/15-1701) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1701)

Sec. 15-1701. Right to possession.

(a) General. The provisions of this Article shall govern the right to possession of the mortgaged real estate during foreclosure. Possession under this Article includes physical possession of the mortgaged real estate to the same extent to which the mortgagor, absent the foreclosure, would have been entitled to physical possession. For the purposes of Part 17, real estate is residential real estate only if it is residential real estate at the time the foreclosure is commenced.

(b) Pre-Judgment. Prior to the entry of a judgment of foreclosure:

(1) In the case of residential real estate, the mortgagor shall be entitled to possession of the real estate except if (i) the mortgagee shall object and show good cause, (ii) the mortgagee is so authorized by the terms of the mortgage or other written instrument, and (iii) the court is satisfied that there is a reasonable probability that the mortgagee will prevail on a final hearing of the cause, the court shall upon request place the mortgagee in possession. If the residential real estate consists of more than one dwelling unit, then for the purpose of this Part residential real estate shall mean only that dwelling unit or units occupied by persons described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of Section 15-1219.

(2) In all other cases, if (i) the mortgagee is so authorized by the terms of the mortgage or other written instrument, and (ii) the court is satisfied that there is a reasonable probability that the mortgagee will prevail on a final hearing of the cause, the mortgagee shall upon request be placed in possession of the real estate, except that if the mortgagor shall object and show good cause, the court shall allow the mortgagor to remain in possession.

(c) Judgment Through 30 Days After Sale Confirmation. After the entry of a judgment of foreclosure and through the 30th day after a foreclosure sale is confirmed:

(1) Subsection (b) of Section 15-1701 shall be applicable, regardless of the provisions of the mortgage or other instrument, except that after a sale pursuant to the judgment the holder of the certificate of sale (or, if none, the purchaser at the sale) shall have the mortgagee's right to be placed in possession, with all rights and duties of a mortgagee in possession under this Article.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1701, upon request of the mortgagee, a mortgagor of residential real estate shall not be allowed to remain in possession between the expiration of the redemption period and through the 30th day after sale confirmation unless (i) the mortgagor pays to the mortgagee or such holder or purchaser, whichever is applicable, monthly the lesser of the interest due under the mortgage calculated at the mortgage rate of interest applicable as if no default had occurred or the fair rental value of the real estate, or (ii) the mortgagor otherwise shows good cause. Any amounts paid by the mortgagor pursuant to this subsection shall be credited against the amounts due from the mortgagor.

(d) After 30 Days After Sale Confirmation. The holder of the certificate of sale or deed issued pursuant to that certificate or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser, except to the extent the holder or purchaser may consent otherwise, shall be entitled to possession of the mortgaged real estate, as of the date 30 days after the order confirming the sale is entered, against those parties to the foreclosure whose interests the court has ordered terminated, without further notice to any party, further order of the court, or resort to proceedings under any other statute other than this Article. This right to possession shall be limited by the provisions governing entering and enforcing orders of possession under subsection (g) of Section 15-1508. If the holder or purchaser determines that there are occupants of the mortgaged real estate who have not been made parties to the foreclosure and had their interests terminated therein, the holder or purchaser may bring an eviction proceeding under subsection (h) of this Section, if applicable, or under Article IX of this Code to terminate the rights of possession of any such occupants. The holder or purchaser shall not be entitled to proceed against any such occupant under Article IX of this Code until after 30 days after the order confirming the sale is entered.

(e) Termination of Leases. A lease of all or any part of the mortgaged real estate shall not be terminated automatically solely by virtue of the entry into possession by (i) a mortgagee or receiver prior to the entry of an order confirming the sale, (ii) the holder of the certificate of sale, (iii) the holder of the deed issued pursuant to that certificate, or (iv) if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser at the sale.

(f) Other Statutes; Instruments. The provisions of this Article providing for possession of mortgaged real estate shall supersede any other inconsistent statutory provisions. In particular, and without limitation, whenever a receiver is sought to be appointed in any action in which a foreclosure is also pending, a receiver shall be appointed only in accordance with this Article. Except as may be authorized by this Article, no mortgage or other instrument may modify or supersede the provisions of this Article.

(g) Certain Leases. Leases of the mortgaged real estate entered into by a mortgagee in possession or a receiver and approved by the court in a foreclosure shall be binding on all parties, including the mortgagor after redemption, the purchaser at a sale pursuant to a judgment of foreclosure and any person acquiring an interest in the mortgaged real estate after entry of a judgment of foreclosure in accordance with Sections 15-1402 and 15-1403.

(h) Proceedings Against Certain Occupants.

(1) The mortgagee-in-possession of the mortgaged real estate under Section 15-1703, a receiver appointed under Section 15-1704, a holder of the certificate of sale or deed, or the purchaser may, at any time during the pendency of the foreclosure and up to 90 days after the date of the order confirming the sale, file a supplemental eviction petition against a person not personally named as a party to the foreclosure. This subsection (h) does not apply to any lessee with a bona fide lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure.

(2) The supplemental eviction petition shall name each such occupant against whom an eviction order is sought and state the facts upon which the claim for relief is premised.

(3) The petitioner shall serve upon each named occupant the petition, a notice of hearing on the petition, and, if any, a copy of the certificate of sale or deed. The eviction proceeding, including service of the notice of the hearing and the petition, shall in all respects comport with the requirements of Article IX of this Code, except as otherwise specified in this Section. The hearing shall be no less than 21 days from the date of service of the notice.

(4) The supplemental petition shall be heard as part of the foreclosure proceeding and without the payment of additional filing fees. An eviction order obtained under this Section shall name each occupant whose interest has been terminated, shall recite that it is only effective as to the occupant so named and those holding under them, and shall be enforceable for no more than 120 days after its entry, except that the 120-day period may be extended to the extent and in the manner provided in Section 9-117 of Article IX and except as provided in item (5) of this subsection (h).

(5) In a case of foreclosure where the occupant is current on his or her rent, or where timely written notice of to whom and where the rent is to be paid has not been provided to the occupant, or where the occupant has made good-faith efforts to make rental payments in order to keep current, any eviction order must allow the occupant to retain possession of the property covered in his or her rental agreement (i) for 120 days following the notice of the hearing on the supplemental petition that has been properly served upon the occupant, or (ii) through the duration of his or her lease, whichever is shorter, provided that if the duration of his or her lease is less than 30 days from the date of the order, the order shall allow the occupant to retain possession for 30 days from the date of the order. A mortgagee in possession, receiver, holder of a certificate of sale or deed, or purchaser at the judicial sale, who asserts that the occupant is not current in rent, shall file an affidavit to that effect in the supplemental petition proceeding. If the occupant has been given timely written notice of to whom and where the rent is to be paid, this item (5) shall only apply if the occupant continues to pay his or her rent in full during the 120-day period or has made good-faith efforts to pay the rent in full during that period.

(6) The court records relating to a supplemental eviction petition filed under this subsection (h) against an occupant who is entitled to notice under item (5) of this subsection (h), or relating to an eviction action brought against an occupant who would have lawful possession of the premises but for the foreclosure of a mortgage on the property, shall be ordered sealed and shall not be disclosed to any person, other than a law enforcement officer or any other representative of a governmental entity, except upon further order of the court.

(i) Termination of bona fide leases. The holder of the certificate of sale, the holder of the deed issued pursuant to that certificate, or, if no certificate or deed was issued, the purchaser at the sale shall not terminate a bona fide lease of a dwelling unit in residential real estate in foreclosure except pursuant to Article IX of this Code.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1702) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1702)

Sec. 15-1702. Specific Rules of Possession. (a) Mortgagee's Rights. No mortgagee shall be required to take possession of the mortgaged real estate, whether upon application made by any other party or otherwise. Whenever a mortgagee entitled to possession so requests, the court shall appoint a receiver. The failure of a mortgagee to request possession or appointment of a receiver shall not preclude a mortgagee otherwise entitled to possession from making such a request at any future time. The appointment of a receiver shall not preclude a mortgagee from thereafter seeking to exercise such mortgagee's right to be placed in possession.

(b) Designation of Receivers. Whenever a receiver is to be appointed, the mortgagee shall be entitled to designate the receiver. If the mortgagor or any other party to the foreclosure objects to any such designation or designations and shows good cause, or the court disapproves the designee, the mortgagee in such instance shall be entitled to make another designation.

(c) Rights of Mortgagee Having Priority. If a mortgagee having priority objects to the proposed possession by a subordinate mortgagee or by a receiver designated by the subordinate mortgagee, upon entry of a finding in accordance with subsection (d) of Section 15-1702 the court shall instead place that objecting mortgagee in possession or, if a receiver is to be designated in accordance with subsection (b) of Section 15-1702, allow the designation of the receiver to be made by that objecting mortgagee.

(d) Removal of Mortgagee in Possession. A mortgagee placed in possession shall not be removed from possession, and no receiver or other mortgagee shall be placed in possession except upon (i) the mortgagee's misconduct, death, legal disability or other inability to act, (ii) appointment of a receiver in accordance with subsection (a) of Section 15-1704 or (iii) a showing of good cause by a mortgagee having priority. A receiver shall not be removed solely on account of being designated by a mortgagee later determined not to have priority.

(e) Determination of Priority. If the court is required to determine priority for the purposes of subsection (c) of Section 15-1702, a new determination shall be made each time a mortgagee is to be placed in possession or a receiver is to be appointed and shall be an interim determination which shall not preclude the court from making a contrary determination later in the foreclosure. If the court subsequently shall make such a contrary determination, a mortgagee in possession or acting receiver shall not be removed except in accordance with Part 17 of this Article.

(f) Rights to Crops. With respect to any crops growing or to be grown on the mortgaged real estate, the rights of a holder of any obligation secured by a collateral assignment of beneficial interest in a land trust, the rights of a mortgagee in possession, or the rights of a receiver, including rights by virtue of an equitable lien, shall be subject to a security interest properly perfected pursuant to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, where the holder of a collateral assignment, mortgagee in possession, or receiver becomes entitled to crops by obtaining possession on or after the effective date of this Amendatory Act of 1988.

(Source: P.A. 85-1427.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1703) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1703)

Sec. 15-1703. Mortgagee in Possession.

(a) Powers and Duties. A mortgagee placed in possession of the real estate pursuant to Section 15-1701 or Section 15-1702 shall have:

(1) such power and authority with respect to the real estate and other property subject to the mortgage, including the right to receive the rents, issues and profits thereof, as may have been conferred upon the mortgagee by the terms of the mortgage or other written instrument authorizing the taking of possession;

(2) all other rights and privileges of a mortgagee in possession under law not inconsistent herewith; and

(3) the same powers, duties and liabilities as a receiver appointed for the real estate in accordance with this Article. If an order placing a mortgagee in possession is modified, revoked or set aside, the mortgagee shall not be liable for any damages to the extent such damages arise solely out of the fact that the mortgagor was removed from possession or that the mortgagee was placed in possession.

(a-5) Notice to occupants.

(1) Following the order placing the mortgagee in possession of the mortgaged real estate, but no later than 21 days after the entry of such order, the mortgagee in possession shall make a good faith effort to ascertain the identities and addresses of all occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate.

(2) Following the order placing the mortgagee in possession of the mortgaged real estate, but no later than 21 days after the entry of such order, the mortgagee in possession shall notify all known occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate that the mortgagee has taken possession of the mortgaged real estate. The notice shall be in writing and shall:

(i) identify the occupant being served by the name known to the mortgagee in possession;

(ii) inform the occupant that the mortgaged real estate at which the dwelling unit is located is the subject of a foreclosure action and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of the individual or entity whom occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of that property;

(iv) include the following language, or language that is substantially similar: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights that you may have.";

(v) include the name of the case, the case number, and the court where the foreclosure action is pending; and

(vi) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(3) The written notice required by item (2) of this subsection (a-5) shall be served by delivering a copy thereof to the known occupant, or by leaving the same with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards, who is residing on or in possession of the premises; or by sending a copy of the notice to the known occupant by first-class mail, addressed to the occupant by the name known to the mortgagee in possession.

(4) In the event that a mortgagee in possession ascertains the identity and address of an occupant of a dwelling unit of the mortgaged real estate more than 21 days after being placed in possession of the mortgaged real estate pursuant to Section 15-1703, the mortgagee in possession shall provide the notice required by item (2) of this subsection (a-5) within 7 days of ascertaining the identity and address of the occupant.

(5)(i) A mortgagee in possession who fails to comply with items (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection (a-5) may not collect any rent due and owing from a known occupant, or terminate a known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent, until the mortgagee in possession has served the notice described in item (2) of this subsection (a-5) upon the known occupant. After providing such notice, the mortgagee in possession may collect any and all rent otherwise due and owing the mortgagee in possession from the known occupant and may terminate the known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent if the mortgagee in possession otherwise has such right to terminate.

(ii) An occupant who previously paid rent for the current rental period to the mortgagor, or other entity with the authority to operate, manage, and conserve the mortgaged real estate at the time of payment, shall not be held liable for that rent by the mortgagee in possession, and the occupant's tenancy shall not be terminated for non-payment of rent for that rental period.

(6) Within 21 days of the order placing the mortgagee in possession of the mortgaged real estate, the mortgagee in possession shall post a written notice on the primary entrance of each dwelling unit subject to the foreclosure action that informs the occupants that the mortgagee in possession is now operating and managing the mortgaged real estate. This notice shall:

(i) inform occupant that the dwelling unit is the subject of a foreclosure action and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(ii) include the following language: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises.";

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of the individual or entity whom occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of the property; and

(iv) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(7)(i) The provisions of item (5) of this subsection (a-5) shall be the exclusive remedy for the failure of a mortgagee in possession to provide notice to a known occupant under this Section.

(ii) This Section shall not abrogate any right that a mortgagee in possession may have to possession of the mortgaged real estate and to maintain a proceeding against an occupant of a dwelling unit for possession under Article IX of this Code or subsection (h) of Section 15-1701.

(b) Fees and Expenses. A mortgagee in possession shall not be entitled to any fees for so acting, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for reasonable costs, expenses and third party management fees incurred in connection with such possession.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1704) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1704)

Sec. 15-1704. Receivers.

(a) Receiver. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (b), (c) and (d) of Section 15-1701, and except as provided in Section 15-1702, upon request of any party and a showing of good cause, the court shall appoint a receiver for the mortgaged real estate.

(b) Powers. A receiver appointed pursuant to this Article shall have possession of the mortgaged real estate and other property subject to the mortgage during the foreclosure, shall have full power and authority to operate, manage and conserve such property, and shall have all the usual powers of receivers in like cases. Without limiting the foregoing, a receiver shall have the power and authority to:

(1) secure tenants and execute leases for the real estate, the duration and terms of which are reasonable and customary for the type of use involved, and such leases shall have the same priority as if made by the owner of the real estate; but, unless approved by the Court, the receiver shall not execute oil, gas or other mineral leases, or (even if otherwise allowed by law) leases extending beyond the time of the receiver's possession; provided, however, with respect to residential real estate leased by the receiver, nothing in this Section shall affect the legal rights of any lessee with respect to the safety and habitability of the residential real estate;

(2) collect the rents, issues and profits from the mortgaged real estate;

(3) insure the mortgaged real estate against loss by fire or other casualty;

(4) employ counsel, custodians, janitors and other help; and

(5) pay taxes which may have been or may be levied against the mortgaged real estate.

(c) Duties. A receiver appointed pursuant to this Article must manage the mortgaged real estate as would a prudent person, taking into account the effect of the receiver's management on the interest of the mortgagor. A receiver may, without an order of the court, delegate managerial functions to a person in the business of managing real estate of the kind involved who is financially responsible, not related to the mortgagee or receiver and prudently selected. However, the receiver shall remain responsible to the mortgagor or other persons for the acts or omissions of such management agent. When fees are paid to such a management agent, the receiver's fees may be adjusted to the extent the court deems appropriate. In managing the mortgaged real estate and other property subject to the mortgage, a receiver or receiver's delegate, to the extent the receiver receives sufficient receipts from the mortgaged real estate, such other property or other sources, except to the extent ordered otherwise by the court:

(1) shall maintain the existing casualty and liability insurance required in accordance with the mortgage or applicable to the real estate and other property subject to the mortgage at the time the receiver took possession;

(2) shall use reasonable efforts to maintain the real estate and other property subject to the mortgage in at least as good condition as existed at the time the receiver took possession, excepting reasonable wear and tear and damage by any casualty;

(2.5) shall accept all rental payments from an occupant of the mortgaged property, and any payments from a third party or any rental assistance program in support of an occupant's housing;

(3) shall apply receipts to payment of ordinary operating expenses, including royalties, rents and other expenses of management;

(4) shall pay any shared or common expense assessments due to any association of owners of interests in real estate to the extent that such assessments are or may become a lien against the mortgaged real estate;

(5) may pay the amounts due under any mortgage if the mortgagee thereof is not a party in the foreclosure;

(6) may carry such additional casualty and liability insurance as is reasonably available and reasonable as to amounts and risks covered;

(7) may make other repairs and improvements necessary to comply with building, housing, and other similar codes or with existing contractual obligations affecting the mortgaged real estate;

(8) may hold receipts as reserves reasonably required for the foregoing purposes; and

(9) may take such other actions as may be reasonably necessary to conserve the mortgaged real estate and other property subject to the mortgage, or as otherwise authorized by the court.

(d) Allocation of Receipts. Receipts received from operation of the real estate and other property subject to the mortgage by the receiver shall be applied in the following order of priority.

(1) to reimbursement of the receiver for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the receiver or the receiver's delegates;

(2) to payment of insurance premiums authorized in paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1704;

(3) to payment of the receiver's delegates of any reasonable management fees for managing real estate of the type involved;

(4) to payment of receiver's fees allowed by the court;

(5) to payment of expenses authorized in paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1704;

(6) to payment of amounts authorized in paragraph (5) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1704;

(7) to payment of expenses authorized in paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (c) of Section 15-1704; and

(8) the balance, if any, shall be held or disbursed as ordered by the court.

(e) Non-Liability for Allocations. A receiver shall in no event be liable to any person for the allocation of, or failure to allocate, receipts to possible expenditures within the same priority category.

(f) Notice to occupants.

(1) Following an order appointing a receiver pursuant to Section 15-1704, but no later than 21 days after the entry of such order, the appointed receiver shall make a good faith effort to ascertain the identities and addresses of all occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate.

(2) Following an order appointing a receiver pursuant to Section 15-1704, but no later than 21 days after the entry of such order, the appointed receiver shall notify all known occupants of dwelling units of the mortgaged real estate that the receiver has been appointed receiver of the mortgaged real estate. Such notice shall be in writing and shall:

(i) identify the occupant being served by the name known to the receiver;

(ii) inform the occupant that the mortgaged real estate at which the dwelling unit is located is the subject of a foreclosure action and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of the individual or entity whom occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of that property;

(iv) include the following language, or language that is substantially similar: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises. You may wish to contact a lawyer or your local legal aid or housing counseling agency to discuss any rights that you may have.";

(v) include the name of the case, the case number, and the court where the foreclosure action is pending; and

(vi) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(3) The written notice required by item (2) of this subsection (f) shall be served by delivering a copy thereof to the known occupant, or by leaving the same with some person of the age of 13 years or upwards, who is residing on or in possession of the premises; or by sending a copy of the notice to the known occupant by first-class mail, addressed to the occupant by the name known to the receiver.

(4) In the event that a receiver ascertains the identity and address of an occupant of a dwelling unit of the mortgaged real estate more than 21 days after appointment pursuant to Section 15-1704, the receiver shall provide the notice required by item (2) of this subsection (f) within 7 days of ascertaining the identity and address of the occupant.

(5)(i) A receiver who fails to comply with items (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection (f) may not collect any rent due and owing from a known occupant, or terminate a known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent, until the receiver has served the notice described in item (2) of this subsection (f) upon the known occupant. After providing such notice, the receiver may collect any and all rent otherwise due and owing the receiver from the known occupant and may terminate the known occupant's tenancy for non-payment of such rent if the receiver otherwise has such right to terminate.

(ii) An occupant who previously paid rent for the current rental period to the mortgagor, or other entity with the authority to operate, manage, and conserve the mortgaged real estate at the time of payment, shall not be held liable for that rent by the receiver, and the occupant's tenancy shall not be terminated for non-payment of rent for that rental period.

(6) Within 21 days of appointment, the receiver shall post a written notice on the primary entrance of each dwelling unit subject to the foreclosure action that informs occupants that the receiver has been appointed to operate and manage the property. This notice shall:

(i) inform occupant that the dwelling unit is the subject of a foreclosure action and that control of the mortgaged real estate has changed;

(ii) include the following language: "This is NOT a notice to vacate the premises.";

(iii) provide the name, address, and telephone number of the individual or entity whom occupants may contact with concerns about the mortgaged real estate or to request repairs of the property; and

(iv) provide instructions on the method of payment of future rent, if applicable.

(7)(i) The provisions of item (5) of this subsection (f) shall be the exclusive remedy for the failure of a receiver to provide notice to a known occupant under this Section.

(ii) This Section shall not abrogate any right that a receiver may have to possession of the mortgaged real estate and to maintain a proceeding against an occupant of a dwelling unit for possession under Article IX of this Code or subsection (h) of Section 15-1701.

(g) Increase of rents. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, a receiver shall not charge an occupant of the mortgaged real estate a rental amount above that which the occupant had been paying for use and occupancy of the mortgaged real estate prior to the appointment of a receiver without leave of court. The court may allow an increase of rent if, upon motion by the receiver, the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence, that the increase of rent is necessary to operate, manage, and conserve the mortgaged real estate pursuant to this Section. A list of the current rents for each unit in the mortgaged real estate, and a list of the proposed rent increase for each of those units, must be attached to a motion for a rent increase under this subsection (g). All occupants of the mortgaged real estate who may be affected by the motion for a rent increase, if not otherwise entitled to notice, shall be notified in writing of the nature of the motion, the date and time of the motion, and the court where the motion will be heard. Such notice shall be by personal service or first-class mail. In the event that the receiver and an occupant of a dwelling unit agree to a rent increase for that dwelling unit, the receiver is excused from the requirements of this subsection (g) as to that dwelling unit. Nothing in this subsection (g) shall alter the terms of any lease agreement.

(h) Removal. The court may remove a receiver upon a showing of good cause, in which case a new receiver may be appointed in accordance with subsection (b) of Section 15-1702 and subsection (a) of Section 15-1704.

(Source: P.A. 98-514, eff. 11-19-13.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1705) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1705)

Sec. 15-1705. Bond. (a) Mortgagee in Possession. Upon good cause shown after notice and hearing, the court may require that a mortgagee in possession give bond to other parties to account for what shall come into the mortgagee's possession by virtue of taking possession of the mortgaged real estate and for the acts of such mortgagee. The bond shall be in such reasonable amount, form and with such surety as may be required by the court.

(b) Receiver. When a receiver is appointed, bond may be required in accordance with Section 2-415 of the Code of Civil Procedure.

(c) Corporations. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of Section 15-1705, a corporation qualified to administer trusts in this State that is acting as a mortgagee in possession or receiver shall not be required to give bond other than appeal bonds.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/15-1706) (from Ch. 110, par. 15-1706)

Sec. 15-1706. Possession.

(a) Request. A request that the mortgagee be placed in possession or that a receiver be appointed may be made by motion, whether or not such request is included in the complaint or other pleading. Any such request shall be supported by affidavit or other sworn pleading.

(b) Meaning of Request. A request in a motion or in the complaint or other pleading that the mortgagee be placed in possession or that a receiver be appointed shall be construed to mean a mortgagee placed in possession or a receiver appointed in accordance with, and with powers and duties specified by, Part 17 of this Article.

(c) Hearing. After reasonable notice has been given to all other parties, the court shall promptly hold a hearing and promptly rule on a request that a mortgagee be placed in possession or that a receiver be appointed, except that, if no objection to the request is made prior to the time specified for the hearing, the court shall rule without a hearing.

(d) Reasonable Notice. For the purposes of subsection (c) of Section 15-1706, notice shall be reasonable if given as much in advance of the hearing as notice of motions generally is required to be given under applicable court rules, and if served in the same manner as motions generally are served; except, if the mortgagor has not been served with the complaint, the mortgagor must be served in the same manner as required for service of process. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing sentence to the contrary, except with respect to the mortgagor of residential real estate which has not been abandoned, the court may rule without service on a party, if the party is in default or if the party making the request shows good cause by affidavit or other sworn evidence. If the mortgagor is not served prior to the hearing, he shall be given notice of the hearing to the same extent as applicable court rules may provide for post-hearing notice of emergency and ex parte motions.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XVI heading) ARTICLE XVI NE EXEAT

(735 ILCS 5/16-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-101)

Sec. 16-101. Availability of remedy. Relief by ne exeat republica may be granted, in cases where the debt or claim is not actually due, but exists fairly and bona fide in expectancy at the time of making application, and in cases where the claim is due; and it is not necessary, to authorize the granting of such relief by ne exeat, that the applicant show that his or her debt or claim is purely of an equitable character.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-102)

Sec. 16-102. In favor of co-obligors or co-debtors. In case of joint, or joint and several obligors or debtors, if one or more of them is about to remove outside of the jurisdictional limits of this State, taking their property with them, leaving one or more co-obligors or co-debtors bound with them for the payment of any sum of money, or for the delivery of any article of property, or for the conveyance of land at a certain time, which time has not arrived at the time of such intended removal, such co-obligor or co-debtor who remains is entitled, upon application, to relief by ne exeat, to compel the co-obligor or co-debtor who is about to remove to secure the payment of his or her part of the sum to be paid, or of the delivery of the property, or to convey, or to join in the conveyance of the land. In cases of security, the relief by ne exeat may be granted, on application of a security, against the principal or co-security, when the obligation or debt is not yet due, and the principal or co-security is about removing out of the State.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-103)

Sec. 16-103. Venue. Where ne exeat proceedings are ancillary to any other action or proceeding, the venue shall be the same as that of the main action or proceeding.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-104)

Sec. 16-104. Complaint or petition - Bond. No relief by ne exeat shall be granted but upon complaint or petition filed, and affidavit to the truth of the allegation therein contained. Upon the granting of such relief the court shall enter an order stating in what penalty bond and security shall be required of the defendant or respondent. The court shall also require the plaintiff or petitioner, before a certified copy of the ne exeat order is issued by the clerk, bond with good and sufficient surety, in such sum as the court shall deem proper, conditioned that the plaintiff or petitioner will prosecute the complaint or petition with effect, and will reimburse to the defendant or respondent such damages and costs as shall be wrongfully sustained by occasion of the granting of the relief by ne exeat. If any defendant or respondent to any such relief by ne exeat is damaged, he or she may bring an action on such bond; and, if, on trial, it is determined by the court that such relief by ne exeat was applied for without just cause, the person affected shall recover damages, to be assessed as in other cases on penal bonds.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-105)

Sec. 16-105. Limited to matters which are germane. No matters not germane to the distinctive purpose of the proceeding shall be introduced by joinder, counterclaim or otherwise.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-106)

Sec. 16-106. Orders returnable. All orders for ne exeat shall be returnable to the clerk of the court which entered the orders.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-107)

Sec. 16-107. Service of order - Bond. The order for ne exeat shall require the defendant to file his or her answer or otherwise plead within a time designated in the order, and, upon a certified copy of the order being served upon the defendant he or she shall give bond, with surety in the sum specified in such order, conditioned that he or she will not depart the State without leave of the court, and that he or she will render himself or herself to answer any judgment which the court may enter against him or her; and in default of giving such security, he or she may be committed to a penal institution other than the penitentiary, as in other cases, for the want of bail. No temporary departure from the State shall be considered as a breach of the condition of the bond, if he or she returns before personal appearance is necessary to answer or comply with any judgment or order of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-108)

Sec. 16-108. Surrender of defendant. The surety in any bond for the defendant may, at any time before the bond is forfeited, surrender the defendant, in exoneration of himself or herself, in the same manner that bail may surrender their principal, and obtain the same discharge.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-109)

Sec. 16-109. Proceedings after service of order. On the return of the order for ne exeat, if it was duly served, the court shall proceed therein as in other cases where equitable relief is sought, if the time of performance of the duty or obligation of the defendant has expired; if not, then the proceedings shall be stayed until it has expired.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-110)

Sec. 16-110. Vacating order. Nothing contained in Section 16-109 of this Act shall prevent the court from proceeding at any time to determine whether the order for ne exeat ought not to be vacated.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/16-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 16-111)

Sec. 16-111. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article XVI of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff or petitioner has pleaded or established facts which entitle him or her to relief but that he or she has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which plaintiff or petitioner is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant or respondent to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff or petitioner to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XVII heading) ARTICLE XVII PARTITION

(735 ILCS 5/17-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-101)

Sec. 17-101. Compelling partition. When lands, tenements, or hereditaments are held in joint tenancy or tenancy in common, other than in accordance with the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act, or other form of co-ownership and regardless of whether any or all of the claimants are minors or adults, any one or more of the persons interested therein may compel a partition thereof by a verified complaint in the circuit court of the county where the premises or part of the premises are situated. If lands, tenements or hereditaments held in joint tenancy or tenancy in common are situated in 2 or more counties, the venue may be in any one of such counties, and the circuit court of any such county first acquiring jurisdiction shall retain sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Ownership of an interest in the surface of lands, tenements, or hereditaments by a co-owner of an interest in minerals underlying the surface does not prevent partition of the mineral estate. This amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly is a declaration of existing law and is intended to remove any possible conflicts or ambiguities, thereby confirming existing law pertinent to the partition of interests in minerals and applies to all actions for the partition of minerals now pending or filed on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly. Nothing in this amendatory Act of the 92nd General Assembly shall be construed as allowing an owner of a mineral interest in coal to mine and remove the coal by the surface method of mining without first obtaining the consent of all of the owners of the surface to the mining and removal of coal by the surface method of mining. Ownership of an interest in minerals by a co-owner of an interest in the surface does not prevent partition of the surface. The ownership of an interest in some, but not all, of the mineral estate by a co-owner of an interest in other minerals does not prevent the partition of the co-owned mineral estate.

(Source: P.A. 101-520, eff. 8-23-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-102)

Sec. 17-102. Complaint. The verified complaint shall particularly describe the premises sought to be divided, and shall set forth the interests of all parties interested therein, so far as the same are known to the plaintiffs, including tenants for years or for life, and of all persons entitled to the reversion, remainder or inheritance, and of every person who, upon any contingency, may be or become entitled to any beneficial interest in the premises, so far as the same are known to the plaintiffs, and shall ask for the division and partition of the premises according to the respective rights of the parties interested therein, or in accordance with the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act.

(Source: P.A. 101-520, eff. 8-23-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-103)

Sec. 17-103. Parties defendant. Every person having any interest, whether in possession or otherwise, who is not a plaintiff shall be made a defendant in such complaint.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-104)

Sec. 17-104. Unknown parties. When there are any persons interested in the premises whose names are unknown, or the share or quantity of interest of any of the parties is unknown to the plaintiff, or such share or interest is uncertain or contingent, or the ownership of the inheritance depends upon an executory devise, or the remainder is contingent, so that such parties cannot be named, it shall be so stated in the verified complaint.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-105)

Sec. 17-105. Judgment. The court shall ascertain and declare the rights, titles and interest of all the parties in such action, the plaintiffs as well as the defendants, and shall enter judgment according to the rights of the parties. After entry of judgment adjudicating the rights, titles, and interests of the parties, the court upon further hearing shall determine whether or not the premises or any part thereof can be divided among the parties without manifest prejudice to the parties in interest. If the court finds that a division can be made, then the court shall enter further judgment fairly and impartially dividing the premises among the parties with or without owelty. If the court finds that the whole or any part of the premises sought to be partitioned cannot be divided without manifest prejudice to the owners thereof and is not governed by the Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act, then the court shall order the premises not susceptible of division to be sold at public sale in such manner and upon such terms and notice of sale as the court directs. If the court orders the sale of the premises or any part thereof, the court shall fix the value of the premises to be sold. No sale may be approved for less than two-thirds of the total amount of the valuation of the premises to be sold. If it appears to the court that any of the premises will not sell for two-thirds of the amount of the valuation thereof, the court upon further hearing may either revalue the premise and approve the sale or order a new sale.

(Source: P.A. 101-520, eff. 8-23-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-106)

Sec. 17-106. Appointment of commissioner and surveyor. The court in its discretion, sua sponte, or on the motion of any interested party, must appoint a disinterested commissioner who, subject to direction by the court, shall report to the court in writing under oath as to whether or not the premises are subject to division without manifest prejudice to the rights of the parties and, if so, report how the division may be made. The court may authorize the employment of a surveyor to carry out or assist in the division of the premises. The fees and expenses of the commissioner and of the surveyor and the person making the sale shall be taxed as costs in the proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 101-520, eff. 8-23-19.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-107)

Sec. 17-107. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-108)

Sec. 17-108. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-109)

Sec. 17-109. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 83-707. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-110)

Sec. 17-110. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-111)

Sec. 17-111. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-112)

Sec. 17-112. Homestead. If any party to the action is entitled to an estate of homestead in the premises, or any part thereof, and the homestead has not been set off, the homestead may be set off by the court; and if the court so directs, the premises so allotted or set off may be partitioned among the claimants, subject thereto.

(Source: P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-113)

Sec. 17-113. Election as to shares. Several parties interested in the premises may, if they so elect, have their shares set off together or in severalty.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-114)

Sec. 17-114. Liens. A person having a mortgage, attachment, or other lien on the share of a part owner shall be concluded by the judgment of partition so far as it relates to the partition and the assignment of the shares, but his or her lien shall remain in full force upon the part assigned to or left for such part owner.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-115)

Sec. 17-115. Eviction by person with better title. If a person to whom any share has been allotted is evicted by a person who, at the time of the partition, had a title older and better than the title of those who were parties to the action, the person evicted may have a new partition of the residue as if no partition had been made, if such new partition can be justly made, or he or she may have contribution from the others, so as to make his or her share just and proportional with the others, according to the rights in the premises.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-116)

Sec. 17-116. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 82-280. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-117)

Sec. 17-117. (Repealed).

(Source: P.A. 83-707. Repealed by P.A. 93-925, eff. 8-12-04.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-118)

Sec. 17-118. Report of sale - Conveyances. The officer making such sale shall, within 10 days thereafter, file a report of his or her action in the office of the clerk of the court ordering such sale. The court may approve the report and confirm the sale reported if no objections have been filed or may disapprove the sale and order the real estate to be resold; if objections have been filed to the report, the court may at once proceed to hear such objections and sustain or overrule them.

Upon confirmation of the sale, the person making the sale or some person specially appointed shall execute and deliver to the purchaser proper conveyances, taking in case of sale on credit, security as required by the judgment. These conveyances shall operate as an effectual bar against all parties and privies to the proceedings and all persons claiming under them.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-119)

Sec. 17-119. Distribution of proceeds. Upon the approval of the report by the court, the proceeds of the sale shall be distributed by the person making the sale, as directed by the court, to the persons entitled thereto, according to their interests, or, in appropriate cases, to the persons and in the amounts and manner as now or hereafter provided in the applicable sections of the Probate Act of 1975, as amended, relating to small estates.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-120)

Sec. 17-120. Life estate or homestead. In case of sale the court may, with the consent of the person entitled to an estate for life, or for years, or of homestead, to the whole or any part of the premises, who is a party in the action, sell such estate with the rest. Such consent shall be in writing, signed by such person, and filed in the court wherein the proceedings for partition are pending.

If such persons are incapable of giving consent, the court may determine, taking into consideration the interests of all parties, whether such estate ought to be excluded from the sale or sold.

When such interest is sold, the value thereof may be ascertained and paid over in gross, or the proper proportion of the funds invested, and the income paid over to the party entitled thereto, during the continuance of the estate.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-121)

Sec. 17-121. Unknown owners. If the person entitled to any estate is unknown, the court may determine whether the estate shall be sold or not, as in case of persons under disability, and in the event of sale, make such order for the protection of the rights of such person, in the same manner, as far as may be, as if the person were known and had appeared.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-122)

Sec. 17-122. Deposit of proceeds of sale. When a sale of premises is made, and no person appears to claim such portion of the money as may belong to any non-resident or person whose name is unknown, the court shall require such money to be deposited in the county treasury, subject to the further order of the court. All money so required to be deposited shall be received by the county treasurer and paid upon the order of the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-123)

Sec. 17-123. Application for deposited money. When money is so deposited in the county treasury, the person or persons entitled to the same, may at any time apply to the court making the order of sale and obtain an order for the same upon making satisfactory proof to the court of his or her right thereto.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-124)

Sec. 17-124. Vesting title. In all actions for the partition of real estate, the court may: investigate and determine all questions of conflicting or controverted titles, and remove clouds upon the titles to any of the premises sought to be partitioned; vest titles, by its order, in the parties to whom the premises are allotted, without the forms of conveyances by minors or unknown heirs or other parties to the action; order a sale of the premises for the purpose of dividing the premises in proper cases, and by its order, vest the purchaser with title, and apportion incumbrances among the parties to whom the incumbered premises are allotted.

(Source: P.A. 84-1308.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-125)

Sec. 17-125. Costs. In all proceedings for the partition of real estate, when the rights and interests of all the parties in interest are properly set forth in the complaint, the court shall apportion the costs among the parties in interest in the action, including the necessary expense of procuring such evidence of title to the real estate as is usual and customary for making sales of real estate, and a reasonable fee for plaintiff's attorney, so that each party shall pay his or her equitable portion thereof, unless the defendants, or some of them, interpose a good and substantial defense to the complaint. In such case the party or parties making such substantial defense shall recover their costs against the plaintiff according to justice and equity.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-126)

Sec. 17-126. Adjustment of rights after judgment. In any case where, after judgment of partition, and before division or sale is had (as the case may be), the parties in interest adjust the respective rights among themselves so that further proceedings leading to such actual division or sale become unnecessary, an order shall be entered terminating further proceedings, whereupon the judgment of partition shall remain in full force and effect to determine the rights and interests of the parties as adjudicated therein, and there shall be no judicial division or sale of the premises, rights or interests pursuant to such judgment.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/17-127) (from Ch. 110, par. 17-127)

Sec. 17-127. Proceedings herein. Proceedings for partition shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Article XVII of this Act.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XVIII heading) ARTICLE XVIII QUO WARRANTO

(735 ILCS 5/18-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-101)

Sec. 18-101. Grounds. A proceeding in quo warranto may be brought in case:

(1) Any person usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or executes any office, or franchise, or any office in any corporation created by authority of this State;

(2) Any person holds or claims to hold or exercise any privilege, exemption or license which has been improperly or without warrant of law issued or granted by any officer, board, commissioner, court, or other person or persons authorized or empowered by law to grant or issue such privilege, exemption or license;

(3) Any public officer has done, or allowed any act which by the provisions of law, works a forfeiture of his or her office;

(4) Any association or number of persons act within this State as a corporation without being legally incorporated;

(5) Any corporation does or omits to do any act which amounts to a surrender or forfeiture of its rights and privileges as a corporation, or exercises powers not conferred by law;

(6) Any railroad company doing business in this State charges an extortionate rate for the transportation of any freight or passenger, or makes any unjust discrimination in the rate of freight or passenger tariff over or upon its railroad.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-102)

Sec. 18-102. Parties. The proceeding shall be brought in the name of the People of the State of Illinois by the Attorney General or State's Attorney of the proper county, either of his or her own accord or at the instance of any individual relator; or by any citizen having an interest in the question on his or her own relation, when he or she has requested the Attorney General and State's Attorney to bring the same, and the Attorney General and State's Attorney have refused or failed to do so, and when, after notice to the Attorney General and State's Attorney, and to the adverse party, of the intended application, leave has been granted by the circuit court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-103)

Sec. 18-103. Pleadings. The People of the State of Illinois shall be deemed the plaintiff and the adverse parties shall be defendants, and the first pleading by the plaintiff shall be designated a complaint. The complaint need not set forth the basis of the challenge, but may in general terms allege that the defendant is exercising the claimed right without lawful authority and call upon the defendant to show by what warrant he, she or it exercises it, and if more than one ground exists they may all be joined in one count.

When the complaint is filed by a citizen on his or her own relation, it shall be alleged therein that his or her requests of the Attorney General and the State's Attorney, respectively, to bring the action, have been refused, or that they have failed to act, as the case may be, and that leave of court to file the complaint has been granted as provided in Article XVIII of this Act.

The several rights of diverse parties to the same office or franchise, privilege, exemption or license, may properly be determined in one action, and all such persons may be joined in the same complaint, in order to try their respective rights to such office, franchise, privilege, exemption or license; but the court, in its discretion, may order separate trials when convenience in the determination of any of such rights so requires. No matters not germane to the distinctive purpose of the proceeding shall be introduced by joinder, counterclaim or otherwise.

If the plaintiff elects to set forth expressly in the complaint the grounds for an attack on the defendant's claimed right, the defendant may answer the complaint or present a motion directed thereto as in other civil actions, but if the complaint is in general terms, as provided in Article XVIII of this Act, the defendant shall by answer disclaim or justify, and, if the defendant justifies, shall set out the facts which show the lawful authority to exercise the right claimed. The plaintiff may reply to the answer or present a motion directed thereto as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-104)

Sec. 18-104. Limitation. No action shall be brought by quo warranto, or otherwise, questioning the legality of the organization of any county, city, village, incorporated town, township, school district, park district, road district, drainage district, sanitary district, authority or any other municipal corporation or political subdivision in the State of Illinois after such municipal corporation or political subdivision has been in de facto existence for a period of 3 years.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-105)

Sec. 18-105. Security for costs. When the action is brought by any citizen on his or her own relation, as above provided, he or she shall file security for costs to be approved by the clerk, at the time the complaint is filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-106)

Sec. 18-106. Summons - Appearance. Upon the filing of the complaint, the clerk of court shall issue a summons, in like form, as near as may be, as summons in other civil cases. The summons shall be made returnable within a time designated by the plaintiff not less than 5 nor more than 30 days after the service of the summons. Every defendant who is served with summons shall answer or otherwise appear on or before the return day of the summons, unless the time for doing so is extended by the court. If the defendant fails to do so, judgment may be entered against the defendant. Reply to or motion directed against the answer may be filed by the plaintiff within 5 days after the last day allowed for the filing of the answer, unless the time for doing so is extended by the court.

(Source: P.A. 83-357.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-107)

Sec. 18-107. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article XVIII of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/18-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 18-108)

Sec. 18-108. Judgment. The court shall determine and adjudge the rights of all parties to the proceeding. In case any person or corporation against whom such complaint is filed is adjudged guilty as charged in the complaint, the court may enter judgment of ouster against such person or corporation from the office or franchise, and fine such person or corporation, and also enter judgment in favor of the relator for the cost of the prosecution. Instead of entering judgment of ouster from a franchise for an abuse thereof, the court may fine the person or corporation found guilty in any sum not exceeding $25,000.00 for each offense. When judgment is entered in favor of any defendant, such defendant shall recover costs against the relator.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIX heading) ARTICLE XIX REPLEVIN

(735 ILCS 5/19-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-101)

Sec. 19-101. When brought. Whenever any goods or chattels have been wrongfully distrained, or otherwise wrongfully taken or are wrongfully detained, an action of replevin may be brought for the recovery of such goods or chattels, by the owner or person entitled to their possession.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-102)

Sec. 19-102. When not available. No action of replevin shall lie on behalf of a defendant against whom a judgment or attachment is in the process of enforcement, to recover goods or chattels seized by virtue thereof, unless such goods and chattels are exempted, by law, from such enforcement of the judgment or attachment; nor shall an action of replevin lie for such goods and chattels at the action of any other person, unless such other person has, at the time, a right to reduce the goods taken to his or her possession.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-103)

Sec. 19-103. Venue. The venue provisions applicable to other civil cases shall apply to actions of replevin; and in addition an action of replevin may be brought in any county in which the goods or chattels or any part of them are located.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-104)

Sec. 19-104. Complaint. An action of replevin shall be commenced by the filing of a verified complaint which describes the property to be replevied and states that the plaintiff in such action is the owner of the property so described, or that he or she is then lawfully entitled to the possession thereof, and that the property is wrongfully detained by the defendant, and that the same has not been taken for any tax, assessment, or fine levied by virtue of any law of this State, against the property of such plaintiff, or against him or her individually, nor seized under any lawful process against the goods and chattels of such plaintiff subject to such lawful process, nor held by virtue of any order for replevin against such plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-105)

Sec. 19-105. Notice. The defendant shall be given 5 days written notice in the manner required by rule of the Supreme Court, of a hearing before the court to contest the entry of an order for replevin. No order for replevin may be entered nor may property be seized pursuant to an order for replevin prior to such notice and hearing except as provided in Section 19-106 of this Act.

As to any particular property, the right to notice and hearing established in this Section may not be waived by any consumer. As used in this Section, a consumer is an individual who obtained possession of the property for personal, family, household, or agricultural purposes.

Any waiver of the right to notice and hearing established in this Section must be in writing and must be given voluntarily, intelligently, and knowingly.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-106) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-106)

Sec. 19-106. Exception to requirement of notice. Notice to the defendant is not required if the plaintiff establishes and the court finds as a matter of record and supported by evidence that summary seizure of the property is justified by reason of necessity to:

(1) protect the plaintiff from an immediately impending harm which will result from the imminent destruction or concealment of the disputed property in derogation of the plaintiff's rights in the property;

(2) protect the plaintiff from an immediately impending harm which will result from the imminent removal of the disputed property from the State, taking into consideration the availability of judicial remedies in the event of such removal;

(3) protect the plaintiff from an immediately impending harm which will result from the perishable nature of the disputed property under the particular circumstances at the time of the action;

(4) protect the plaintiff from an immediately impending harm which will result from the imminent sale, transfer or assignment of the disputed property to the extent such sale, transfer or assignment is fraudulent or in derogation of the plaintiff's rights in the property;

(5) recover the property from a defendant who has obtained possession by theft.

At an ex parte hearing to determine if notice is not required, the court shall examine the evidence on each element required by this Section or any written waiver of rights presented by the plaintiff. If the court finds that notice is not required, or that the waiver is in accordance with law, it shall order a hearing as soon as practicable on the entry of an order for replevin.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-107) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-107)

Sec. 19-107. Hearing for entry of order. At the hearing on the entry of an order for replevin, which may be a hearing to contest pursuant to notice under Section 19-105 of this Act or an ex parte hearing pursuant to a finding under Section 19-106 of this Act, the court shall review the basis of the plaintiff's claim to possession. If the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case to a superior right to possession of the disputed property, and if the plaintiff also demonstrates to the court the probability that the plaintiff will ultimately prevail on the underlying claim to possession, the court shall so find as a matter of record and an order for replevin shall be entered by the court.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-108) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-108)

Sec. 19-108. Direction of order. The order shall be directed to the sheriff or other proper officer of the proper county, to serve; and for the purpose only of service as summons shall be directed also to any person authorized to serve summons.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-109) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-109)

Sec. 19-109. Order. The order for replevin shall require the sheriff, or other officer to whom it is directed to take the property, describing it as in the complaint, from the possession of the defendant, and deliver the same to the plaintiff unless such defendant executes a bond and security as hereinafter provided, and to summon the defendant to answer the complaint or otherwise appear in the action, or in case the property or any part thereof is not found and delivered to the sheriff or other officer, to answer to the plaintiff for the value of the same. The order for replevin may be served as a summons for a trial on the merits of the case by any person authorized to serve summons.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-110) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-110)

Sec. 19-110. Several counties involved. Additional certified copies of the order for replevin may be issued by the clerk of court, upon the request of the plaintiff, to be used in several counties.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-111) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-111)

Sec. 19-111. Additional copies of order. When it appears by the return of the officer that any defendant or the property described in the order or any part thereof, is not found, additional certified copies directing the officer to summon such defendant and to take the property from the possession of the defendant and deliver the same to the plaintiff, may be issued by the clerk of court on the request of the plaintiff until such defendant is served or until such property is taken.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-112) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-112)

Sec. 19-112. Replevin bond. Before the service of the order for replevin the plaintiff or some one else on his or her behalf shall give to the sheriff or other officer a bond with sufficient security in double the value of the property about to be replevied, conditioned that he or she will prosecute such action to effect and without delay and make return of the property to the defendant if return of the property shall be awarded or will deliver the same to the intervening petitioner should it be found that the property belongs to him or her, and save and keep harmless such sheriff or other officer as the case may be, in replevying such property and further conditioned for the payment of all costs and damages occasioned by wrongfully obtaining out the order for replevin, and if the sureties on such bond at any time before trial becomes insolvent, an order shall be entered requiring good and sufficient replevin bond to be filed, and if the same is not so filed within the time fixed by the court, the action shall be dismissed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-113) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-113)

Sec. 19-113. Return. Such officer shall return the bond so taken by the officer, together with the certified copy of the order to the clerk of court who issued such certified copy of the order.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-114) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-114)

Sec. 19-114. Failure to take and return bond. If the sheriff or other officer fails to take and return the bond, as required by Article XIX of this Act, or returns an insufficient bond, he or she shall be liable to the party injured for all damages such party may sustain by reason of such neglect, which may be recovered in an action against the sheriff or other officer, or by an action upon the sheriff's or other officer's official bond.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-115) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-115)

Sec. 19-115. Limitation. No sheriff or other officer shall be liable, under the preceding section, unless the bond was insufficient when taken, nor unless action is commenced against him or her or upon his or her bond, within 3 years after the cause of action accrues.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-116) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-116)

Sec. 19-116. Service of order. Upon the bond being given the sheriff or other proper officer shall forthwith serve the certified copy of the order by seizing the property therein mentioned and by serving such order upon the defendant as summons is served in other civil cases.

The order for replevin issued as provided in Section 19-108 of this Act, may be served as a summons upon defendants wherever they may be found in the State by any person authorized to serve summons in other civil cases; but property may be taken from the possession of a defendant under a replevin order only in the county in which the order is entered and by a proper officer of the county.

The officer serving such certified order having taken the property or any part thereof shall forthwith deliver such property to the plaintiff unless the defendant executes a bond and security approved by such officer, before such property is actually delivered to the plaintiff. Such bond shall be given in an amount double the value of such property and conditioned that the defendant will appear in and defend the action, and will deliver such property in accordance with the order of the court, in as good condition as it was when the action was commenced, and that the defendant will pay only those costs and damages that may be incurred during the time the property is out of the possession of the officer and back in his or her possession and adjudged against the defendant in such action.

Such bond shall be returned to the court by the officer serving the order on the day such order is returnable.

(Source: P.A. 83-707.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-117) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-117)

Sec. 19-117. Service upon defendant. It shall be the duty of the officer having an order for replevin, to serve the same upon the defendant, whether the property is found or delivered to him or her, or not, unless, when none of the property is found, the officer is otherwise directed by the plaintiff or his or her attorney or agent.

If the defendant fails to deliver up to the sheriff the chattel which is the subject of the order for replevin and the plaintiff has a reasonable belief as to where the chattel is sequestered, the court may authorize the sheriff to use reasonable force to enter into the property to recover same upon such terms and conditions as the court may direct.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-118) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-118)

Sec. 19-118. Notice by publication. If it appears by affidavit of the plaintiff, his or her attorney or agent, or by the return of the officer, that any defendant in such action is not a resident of this State, or has departed from this State, or on due inquiry cannot be found, or is concealed within this State, so that process cannot be served on him or her, notice may be given as provided by law in cases of attachment, and with like effect.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-119) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-119)

Sec. 19-119. Answer or otherwise appear. The defendant shall answer or otherwise appear as in other civil cases.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-120) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-120)

Sec. 19-120. When property not found. When the property or any part thereof is not found or delivered as above stated, and the defendant is summoned or enters his or her appearance, the plaintiff may proceed, under the original or amended complaint, as in an action for the wrongful taking and detention of such property or so much thereof as is not found and delivered to the sheriff or other officer, and as to the property not found and delivered, the plaintiff, if he or she recovers, shall be entitled to judgment for the value thereof or his or her interest therein, and such damages as he or she has sustained by reason of the wrongful taking and detention.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-121) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-121)

Sec. 19-121. Distress for rent. It shall be sufficient for the defendant, in all cases of replevin for distress taken for rent, to allege generally without particularly setting forth the tenure or title to the lands whereon such distress was taken.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-122) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-122)

Sec. 19-122. Seeking wrong remedy not fatal. Where relief is sought under Article XIX of this Act and the court determines, on motion directed to the pleadings, or on motion for summary judgment or upon trial, that the plaintiff has pleaded or established facts which entitle the plaintiff to relief but that the plaintiff has sought the wrong remedy, the court shall permit the pleadings to be amended, on just and reasonable terms, and the court shall grant the relief to which the plaintiff is entitled on the amended pleadings or upon the evidence. In considering whether a proposed amendment is just and reasonable, the court shall consider the right of the defendant to assert additional defenses, to demand a trial by jury, to plead a counterclaim or third party complaint, and to order the plaintiff to take additional steps which were not required under the pleadings as previously filed.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-123) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-123)

Sec. 19-123. Judgment against plaintiff. If the plaintiff in an action of replevin obtains an order for replevin and the right of property is adjudged against the plaintiff, judgment shall be entered for a return of the property if such property has been delivered to the plaintiff, and damages for the use thereof from the time it was taken until a return thereof is made, unless the plaintiff shall, in the meantime, have become entitled to the possession of the property, in which event judgment may be entered against the plaintiff for costs and such damage as the defendant has sustained; or if the property was held for the payment of any money, the judgment may be in the alternative that the plaintiff pay the amount for which the same was rightfully held, with proper damages, within a given time, or make return of the property in case such property was delivered to the plaintiff.

(Source: P.A. 95-661, eff. 1-1-08.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-124) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-124)

Sec. 19-124. Intervention. In replevin cases pending in circuit courts, any person other than the defendant claiming the property replevied may intervene, verifying the petition by affidavit. The court shall direct a trial of the right of property as in other cases and in case judgment is rendered for the intervening party and it is further found that such party is entitled to the possession of all or any part of the property, judgment shall be entered accordingly and the property to which the claimant is entitled ordered to be delivered to such claimant together with payment of the claimant's costs. In case judgment is entered for the claimant, although he or she is not then entitled to possession of the property, he or she shall be entitled to his or her costs. In case judgment is entered for the plaintiff, the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover the plaintiff's costs from the claimant. If the claimant is a non-resident of the State, he or she shall file security for costs as required of non-resident plaintiffs.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-125) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-125)

Sec. 19-125. Judgment for plaintiff. If judgment is entered in favor of the plaintiff in replevin, the plaintiff shall recover damages for the detention of the property while the same was wrongfully detained by the defendant.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-126) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-126)

Sec. 19-126. Damages. In either case provided for in Sections 19-124 and 19-125 of this Act, if the case is tried by a jury, the damages may be assessed by such jury, but if the plaintiff takes a voluntary dismissal or an involuntary dismissal is ordered by the court or judgment is entered for defendant without a trial, the damages may be assessed by the court or by a jury impaneled for that purpose.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-127) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-127)

Sec. 19-127. Action on bond. If at any time the conditions of the bond required by Section 19-112 of this Act, or of the bond provided for in Section 19-116 of this Act are broken, the sheriff or other officer or plaintiff in the name of the sheriff, for his or her own use, or the defendant or intervening party, as the case may be, may proceed and maintain an action on such bond for the recovery of all damages and costs, as have been sustained in consequence of the breach of such condition.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-128) (from Ch. 110, par. 19-128)

Sec. 19-128. Defense to action on bond. If the merits of the case have not been determined in the trial of the action in which the bond was given, the defendant in the action upon the replevin bond may plead that fact and his or her title to the property in dispute, in the action of replevin.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/19-129)

Sec. 19-129. Mobile homes. If the chattel which is the subject of the replevin action is a mobile home and is occupied by the defendant or other persons, the court may issue an eviction order directing the sheriff to remove the personal property of the defendant or occupants from the mobile home if the defendants and unknown occupants are given notice of the plaintiff's intent to seek an eviction order and that upon entry of the order, the execution is stayed for a reasonable time as determined by the court so as to allow the defendants and unknown occupants to remove their property from the mobile home.

(Source: P.A. 100-173, eff. 1-1-18.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XIX-c heading) ARTICLE XIX-c EFFECTIVE DATE

(735 ILCS 5/19c-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 19c-101)

Sec. 19c-101. (a) This Act takes effect July 1, 1982, and shall apply to all cases and proceedings commenced on or after that date.

(b) For cases and proceedings commenced prior to and still pending on July 1, 1982, this Act shall apply only to those proceedings which take place on or after that date.

(Source: P.A. 82-280.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XX heading) ARTICLE XX. RECOVERY OF FRAUDULENTLY OBTAINED PUBLIC FUNDS

(735 ILCS 5/20-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 20-101)

Sec. 20-101. As used in this Article:

(1) "Compensation, benefits or remuneration" includes regular compensation, overtime compensation, vacation compensation, deferred compensation, sick pay, disability pay, sick leave, disability leave, medical, dental, optical or other health benefits, pension or retirement benefits or any other pay, compensation, benefits, or any other remuneration.

(2) "Person" includes any firm, corporation, association, agency, institution or other legal entity, as well as any natural person.

(3) "Local governmental unit" means any unit of local government or school district.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/20-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 20-102)

Sec. 20-102. Any person who has received from the State or from any local governmental unit compensation, benefits or remuneration by means of a false or fraudulent record, statement, or claim or other willful misrepresentation, or by his failure to notify the State or local governmental unit of a change in his status as may be required by the State or local governmental unit, or by other fraudulent device, shall be answerable to the State or local governmental unit, as the case may be, for refunding the entire amount of such compensation, benefits or remuneration received. If the refund is not made, it shall be recoverable in a civil action from the person who received the compensation, benefits or remuneration, or from anyone who knowingly aided such person in obtaining the compensation, benefits or remuneration.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/20-103) (from Ch. 110, par. 20-103)

Sec. 20-103. Any person who by means of a false record, statement or representation, or by willful concealment of any material fact, or by other fraudulent scheme or device on behalf of himself, his dependents or others, knowingly obtains from the State or local governmental unit compensation, benefits or remuneration to which he is not entitled, or in a greater amount than that to which he is entitled, shall be liable for full repayment of such compensation, benefits or remuneration received to which the person was not entitled. In addition to any other penalties provided by law, the court shall impose civil penalties consisting of interest on the amount of the compensation, benefits or remuneration received to which the person was not entitled at the maximum legal rate for interest on judgments in effect on the date the payment was made to such person for the period beginning on the date upon which payment was made to the date upon which repayment is made; and may impose either of the following penalties: (1) an amount not to exceed 3 times the amount of such compensation, benefits or remuneration to which the person was not entitled; or (2) an amount not to exceed $2,000 for each instance that the person used any fraudulent scheme or device to obtain compensation, benefits or remuneration to which he is not entitled, whichever penalty the court deems more appropriate. Except as provided by Section 20-105, upon entry of a judgment for repayment of such compensation, benefits or remuneration, or for any civil penalties assessed by the court, a lien shall attach to all property and assets of such person until the judgment is satisfied, subject to the exemptions otherwise applying to the real and personal property of judgement debtors.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/20-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 20-104)

Sec. 20-104. (a) Before any action is instituted pursuant to this Act, the State or local governmental unit shall make a good faith attempt to collect amounts owed to it by using informal procedures and methods. Civil recoveries provided for in this Article shall be recoverable only: (1) in actions on behalf of the State, by the Attorney General; (2) in actions on behalf of a municipality with a population over 500,000, by the corporation counsel of such municipality; and (3) in actions on behalf of any other local governmental unit, by counsel designated by the local government unit or, if so requested by the local governmental unit and the state's attorney so agrees, by the state's attorney. However, nothing in clause (3) of this subsection (a) shall affect agreements made pursuant to the State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor's Act. If the state's attorney of a county brings an action on behalf of another unit of local government pursuant to this Section, the county shall be reimbursed by the unit of local government in an amount mutually agreed upon before the action is initiated.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Section, any private citizen residing within the boundaries of the governmental unit affected may bring an action to recover the damages authorized in this Article on behalf of such governmental unit if: (a) the citizen has sent a letter by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the appropriate government official stating his intention to file suit for recovery under this Article and (b) the appropriate governmental official has not, within 60 days of the date of delivery on the citizen's return receipt, either instituted an action for recovery or sent notice to the citizen by certified mail, return receipt requested, that the official has arranged for a settlement with the party alleged to have illegally obtained the compensation or that the official intends to commence suit within 60 days of the date of the notice. A denial by the official of the liability of the party alleged liable by the citizen, failure to have actually arranged for a settlement as stated, or failure to commence a suit within the designated period after having stated the intention in the notice to do so shall also permit the citizen to commence the action.

For purposes of this subsection (b), "appropriate government official" shall mean: (1) the Attorney General, where the government unit alleged damaged is the State; (2) the corporation counsel where the government unit alleged damaged is a municipality with a population of over 500,000; and (3) the chief executive officer of any other local government unit where that unit is alleged damaged.

Any private citizen commencing an action in compliance with this subsection which is reasonable and commenced in good faith shall be entitled to recover court costs and litigation expenses, including reasonable attorney's fees, from any defendant found liable under this Article.

(Source: P.A. 102-558, eff. 8-20-21.)

(735 ILCS 5/20-105) (from Ch. 110, par. 20-105)

Sec. 20-105. Certain rights not affected. No judgment entered pursuant to this Article shall affect the rights of any bona fide purchaser, mortgagee, judgment creditor or other lien holder arising prior to the date on which a transcript, certified copy or memorandum of such judgment is filed in the office of the recorder of deeds or registrar of titles in the county in which real estate subject to the lien is located.

(Source: P.A. 84-1462.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XXI heading) ARTICLE XXI. CHANGE OF NAME

(735 ILCS 5/21-101) (from Ch. 110, par. 21-101)

Sec. 21-101. Proceedings; parties.

(a) If any person who is a resident of this State and has resided in this State for 6 months desires to change his or her name and to assume another name by which to be afterwards called and known, the person may file a petition requesting that relief in the circuit court of the county wherein he or she resides.

(b) A person who has been convicted of any offense for which a person is required to register under the Sex Offender Registration Act, the Murderer and Violent Offender Against Youth Registration Act, or the Arsonist Registry Act in this State or any other state and who has not been pardoned is not permitted to file a petition for a name change in the courts of this State during the period that the person is required to register, unless that person verifies under oath, as provided under Section 1-109, that the petition for the name change is due to marriage, religious beliefs, status as a victim of trafficking or gender-related identity as defined by the Illinois Human Rights Act. A judge may grant or deny the request for legal name change filed by such persons. Any such persons granted a legal name change shall report the change to the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction of their current registration pursuant to the Duty to Report requirements specified in Section 20 of the Murderer and Violent Offender Against Youth Registration Act and Section 6 of the Sex Offender Registration Act. For the purposes of this subsection, a person will not face a felony charge if the person's request for legal name change is denied without proof of perjury.

(b-1) A person who has been convicted of a felony offense in this State or any other state and whose sentence has not been completed, terminated, or discharged is not permitted to file a petition for a name change in the courts of this State unless that person is pardoned for the offense.

(c) A petitioner may include his or her spouse and adult unmarried children, with their consent, and his or her minor children where it appears to the court that it is for their best interest, in the petition and relief requested, and the court's order shall then include the spouse and children. Whenever any minor has resided in the family of any person for the space of 3 years and has been recognized and known as an adopted child in the family of that person, the application herein provided for may be made by the person having that minor in his or her family.

An order shall be entered as to a minor only if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the change is necessary to serve the best interest of the child. In determining the best interest of a minor child under this Section, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including:

(1) The wishes of the child's parents and any person acting as a parent who has physical custody of the child.

(2) The wishes of the child and the reasons for those wishes. The court may interview the child in chambers to ascertain the child's wishes with respect to the change of name. Counsel shall be present at the interview unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties. The court shall cause a court reporter to be present who shall make a complete record of the interview instantaneously to be part of the record in the case.

(3) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with his or her parents or persons acting as parents who have physical custody of the child, step-parents, siblings, step-siblings, or any other person who may significantly affect the child's best interest.

(4) The child's adjustment to his or her home, school, and community.

(d) If it appears to the court that the conditions and requirements under this Article have been complied with and that there is no reason why the relief requested should not be granted, the court, by an order to be entered of record, may direct and provide that the name of that person be changed in accordance with the relief requested in the petition. If the circuit court orders that a name change be granted to a person who has been adjudicated or convicted of a felony or misdemeanor offense under the laws of this State or any other state for which a pardon has not been granted, or has an arrest for which a charge has not been filed or a pending charge on a felony or misdemeanor offense, a copy of the order, including a copy of each applicable access and review response, shall be forwarded to the Illinois State Police. The Illinois State Police shall update any criminal history transcript or offender registration of each person 18 years of age or older in the order to include the change of name as well as his or her former name.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 102-1133, eff. 1-1-24; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24; 103-609, eff. 7-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-102) (from Ch. 110, par. 21-102)

Sec. 21-102. Petition; update criminal history transcript.

(a) The petition shall be a statewide standardized form approved by the Illinois Supreme Court and shall set forth the name then held, the name sought to be assumed, the residence of the petitioner, the length of time the petitioner has resided in this State, and the state or country of the petitioner's nativity or supposed nativity. The petition shall include a statement, verified under oath as provided under Section 1-109 of this Code, whether or not the petitioner or any other person 18 years of age or older who will be subject to a change of name under the petition if granted: (1) has been adjudicated or convicted of a felony or misdemeanor offense under the laws of this State or any other state for which a pardon has not been granted; or (2) has an arrest for which a charge has not been filed or a pending charge on a felony or misdemeanor offense. The petition shall be signed by the person petitioning or, in case of minors, by the parent or guardian having the legal custody of the minor.

(b) If the statement provided under subsection (a) of this Section indicates the petitioner or any other person 18 years of age or older who will be subject to a change of name under the petition, if granted, has been adjudicated or convicted of a felony or misdemeanor offense under the laws of this State or any other state for which a pardon has not been granted, or has an arrest for which a charge has not been filed or a pending charge on a felony or misdemeanor offense, the State's Attorney may request the court to or the court may on its own motion, require the person, prior to a hearing on the petition, to initiate an update of his or her criminal history transcript with the Illinois State Police. The Illinois State Police shall allow a person to use the Access and Review process, established by rule in the Illinois State Police, for this purpose. Upon completion of the update of the criminal history transcript, the petitioner shall file confirmation of each update with the court, which shall seal the records from disclosure outside of court proceedings on the petition.

(c) Any petition filed under subsection (a) shall include the following: "WARNING: If you are required to register under the Sex Offender Registration Act, the Murderer and Violent Offender Against Youth Registration Act, or the Arsonist Registry Act in this State or a similar law in any other state and have not been pardoned, you will be committing a felony under those respective Acts by seeking a change of name during the registration period UNLESS your request for legal name change is due to marriage, religious beliefs, status as a victim of trafficking or gender related identity as defined by the Illinois Human Rights Act.".

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 102-1133, eff. 1-1-24; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24; 103-609, eff. 7-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-102.5)

Sec. 21-102.5. Notice; objection.

(a) The circuit court clerk shall promptly serve a copy of the petition on the State's Attorney and the Illinois State Police if the statement provided under subsection (a) of Section 21-102 indicates that the petitioner, or any other person 18 years of age or older who will be subject to a change of name under the petition, has been adjudicated or convicted of a felony or misdemeanor offense under the laws of this State or any other state for which a pardon has not been granted, or has an arrest for which a charge has not been filed or a pending charge on a felony or misdemeanor offense.

(b) The State's Attorney may file an objection to the petition. All objections shall be in writing, shall be filed with the circuit court clerk, shall be served upon the petitioner, and shall state with specificity the basis of the objection. Objections to a petition must be filed within 30 days of the date of service of the petition upon the State's Attorney if the petitioner:

(1) is the defendant in a pending criminal offense charge; or

(2) has been convicted of identity theft, aggravated identity theft, felony or misdemeanor criminal sexual abuse when the victim of the offense at the time of its commission is under 18 years of age, felony or misdemeanor sexual exploitation of a child, felony or misdemeanor indecent solicitation of a child, or felony or misdemeanor indecent solicitation of an adult, and has not been pardoned for the conviction.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 102-1133, eff. 1-1-24; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-103)

Sec. 21-103. Notice by publication.

(a) Previous notice shall be given of the intended application by publishing a notice thereof in some newspaper published in the municipality in which the person resides if the municipality is in a county with a population under 2,000,000, or if the person does not reside in a municipality in a county with a population under 2,000,000, or if no newspaper is published in the municipality or if the person resides in a county with a population of 2,000,000 or more, then in some newspaper published in the county where the person resides, or if no newspaper is published in that county, then in some convenient newspaper published in this State. The notice shall be inserted for 3 consecutive weeks after filing, the first insertion to be at least 6 weeks before the return day upon which the petition is to be heard, and shall be signed by the petitioner or, in case of a minor, the minor's parent or guardian, and shall set forth the return day of court on which the petition is to be heard and the name sought to be assumed.

(b) The publication requirement of subsection (a) shall not be required in any application for a change of name involving a minor if, before making judgment under this Article, reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard is given to any parent whose parental rights have not been previously terminated and to any person who has physical custody of the child. If any of these persons are outside this State, notice and opportunity to be heard shall be given under Section 21-104.

(b-3) The publication requirement of subsection (a) shall not be required in any application for a change of name involving a person who has received a judgment of dissolution of marriage or declaration of invalidity of marriage and wishes to change his or her name to resume the use of his or her former or maiden name.

(b-5) The court may issue an order directing that the notice and publication requirement be waived for a change of name involving a person who files with the court a statement, verified under oath as provided under Section 1-109 of this Code, that the person believes that publishing notice of the name change would be a hardship, including, but not limited to, a negative impact on the person's health or safety.

(b-6) In a case where waiver of the notice and publication requirement is sought, the petition for waiver is presumed granted and heard at the same hearing as the petition for name change. The court retains discretion to determine whether a hardship is shown and may order the petitioner to publish thereafter.

(c) The Director of the Illinois State Police or his or her designee may apply to the circuit court for an order directing that the notice and publication requirements of this Section be waived if the Director or his or her designee certifies that the name change being sought is intended to protect a witness during and following a criminal investigation or proceeding.

(c-1) The court may also enter a written order waiving the publication requirement of subsection (a) if:

(i) the petitioner is 18 years of age or older; and

(ii) concurrent with the petition, the petitioner files with the court a statement, verified under oath as provided under Section 1-109 of this Code, attesting that the petitioner is or has been a person protected under the Illinois Domestic Violence Act of 1986, the Stalking No Contact Order Act, the Civil No Contact Order Act, Article 112A of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, a condition of pretrial release under subsections (b) through (d) of Section 110-10 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, or a similar provision of a law in another state or jurisdiction.

The petitioner may attach to the statement any supporting documents, including relevant court orders.

(c-2) If the petitioner files a statement attesting that disclosure of the petitioner's address would put the petitioner or any member of the petitioner's family or household at risk or reveal the confidential address of a shelter for domestic violence victims, that address may be omitted from all documents filed with the court, and the petitioner may designate an alternative address for service.

(c-3) Court administrators may allow domestic abuse advocates, rape crisis advocates, and victim advocates to assist petitioners in the preparation of name changes under subsection (c-1).

(c-4) If the publication requirements of subsection (a) have been waived, the circuit court shall enter an order impounding the case.

(d) The maximum rate charged for publication of a notice under this Section may not exceed the lowest classified rate paid by commercial users for comparable space in the newspaper in which the notice appears and shall include all cash discounts, multiple insertion discounts, and similar benefits extended to the newspaper's regular customers.

(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22; 102-1133, eff. 1-1-24; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-103.5)

Sec. 21-103.5. Change of name involving a minor. In any application for a change of name involving a minor, before a judgment under this Article may be entered, actual notice and an opportunity to be heard shall be given to any parent whose parental rights have not been previously terminated and to any person who has been allocated parental responsibilities under Section 602.5 or 602.7 of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. If any of these persons is outside this State, notice and an opportunity to be heard shall be given under Section 21-104.

(Source: P.A. 100-520, eff. 1-1-18 (see Section 5 of P.A. 100-565 for the effective date of P.A. 100-520).)

(735 ILCS 5/21-104) (from Ch. 110, par. 21-104)

Sec. 21-104. Process and notice to persons outside this State.

(a) Process in change of name proceedings shall be governed by this Code.

(b) Notice in all change of name proceedings required for the exercise of jurisdiction over a person outside this State shall be given in a manner best calculated to give actual notice and shall be given in one of the following manners:

(1) By personal delivery outside this State in the manner prescribed for service of process within this State.

(2) In the manner prescribed by the law of the place in which the service is made for service of process in that place in an action in any of its courts of general jurisdiction.

(3) By any form of mail addressed to the person to be served and requesting a receipt.

(4) As directed by the court if other means of notification are ineffective.

(c) Notice under this Section shall be served, mailed, or delivered at least 10 days before any hearing in this State.

(d) Proof of service outside this State may be made by affidavit of the individual who made the service or in the manner prescribed by the law of this State, the order pursuant to which the service is made, or the law of the place in which the service is made. If service is made by mail, proof may be a receipt signed by the addressee or other evidence of delivery to the addressee.

(Source: P.A. 87-409.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-105)

Sec. 21-105. Invalidity of common law name changes. Common law name changes adopted in this State on or after July 1, 2010 are invalid. All name changes shall be made pursuant to marriage or other legal proceedings.

(Source: P.A. 96-1231, eff. 7-23-10.)

(735 ILCS 5/21-106)

Sec. 21-106. Judicial order; findings of fact.

(a) Legislative intent. Residents of this State who were born in another state or in another country may have difficulty in securing a birth certificate with the correct information. It is the intent of the General Assembly that Illinois should have a legal process available for these residents to seek a judicial order making findings of fact so that they may petition the issuing jurisdiction to change a birth certificate.

(b) An Illinois resident may file a petition in the resident's county of residence asking for a court to issue a finding of fact or facts to correct or update a birth certificate issued by another state or country.

(c) The petition must contain the following information:

(1) the petitioner's name and current address;

(2) the change that is sought; and

(3) the reason for the change.

(d) The court must schedule a hearing for this request.

(Source: P.A. 103-610, eff. 7-1-24.)

(735 ILCS 5/Art. XXII heading) ARTICLE XXII. FRIVOLOUS LAWSUITS FILED BY PRISONERS

(735 ILCS 5/22-105)

Sec. 22-105. Frivolous lawsuits filed by prisoners.

(a) If a prisoner confined in an Illinois Department of Corrections facility files a pleading, motion, or other filing which purports to be a legal document in a case seeking post-conviction relief under Article 122 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, pursuant to Section 116-3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, in a habeas corpus action under Article X of this Code, in a claim under the Court of Claims Act, or a second or subsequent petition for relief from judgment under Section 2-1401 of this Code or in another action against the State, the Illinois Department of Corrections, or the Prisoner Review Board, or against any of their officers or employees and the Court makes a specific finding that the pleading, motion, or other filing which purports to be a legal document filed by the prisoner is frivolous, the prisoner is responsible for the full payment of filing fees and actual court costs.

On filing the action or proceeding the court shall assess and, when funds exist, collect as a partial payment of any court costs required by law a first time payment of 50% of the average monthly balance of the prisoner's trust fund account for the past 6 months. Thereafter 50% of all deposits into the prisoner's individual account under Sections 3-4-3 and 3-12-5 of the Unified Code of Corrections administered by the Illinois Department of Corrections shall be withheld until the actual court costs are collected in full. The Department of Corrections shall forward any moneys withheld to the court of jurisdiction. If a prisoner is released before the full costs are collected, the Department of Corrections shall forward the amount of costs collected through the date of release. The court of jurisdiction is responsible for sending the Department of Corrections a copy of the order mandating the amount of court fees to be paid. Nothing in this Section prohibits an applicant from filing an action or proceeding if the applicant is unable to pay the court costs.

(b) In this Section, "frivolous" means that a pleading, motion, or other filing which purports to be a legal document filed by a prisoner in his or her lawsuit meets any or all of the following criteria:

(1) it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact;

(2) it is being presented for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation;

(3) the claims, defenses, and other legal contentions therein are not warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law;

(4) the allegations and other factual contentions do not have evidentiary support or, if specifically so identified, are not likely to have evidentiary support after a reasonable opportunity for further investigation or discovery; or

(5) the denials of factual contentions are not warranted on the evidence, or if specifically so identified, are not reasonably based on a lack of information or belief.

(Source: P.A. 95-424, eff. 1-1-08.)